OBJECTIVE To analyze chemical components of Yao ethnic medicine Pittosporum pauciflorum， establish its fingerprint and investigate the spectrum-effect relationship of its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS technology was used to analyze the chemical components of P. pauciflorum （batch S6）. The fingerprints for 10 batches of P. pauciflorum from different producing areas in Guangxi Province （batches S1-S10） were established by HPLC， and similarity assessment and chemometric pattern recognition analysis were conducted. RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model was induced by lipopolysaccharide， and the anti-inflammatory activity of P. pauciflorum was investigated. Using inhibition rates of nitric oxide （NO）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-1β as efficacy indicators， grey relational analysis and partial least squares regression analysis were adopted to evaluate the spectrum-effect relationship of the anti-inflammatory effect of P. pauciflorum. RESULTS There were 60 chemical components， including flavonoids， phenolic acids， lipids， etc.， identified in P. pauciflorum. The fingerprints for 10 batches of P. pauciflorum showed 14 common peaks，with similarity values ranging from 0.883 to 0.991. Three common peaks were assigned neochlorogenic acid （peak 5）， chlorogenic acid （peak 7）， and syringaldehyde （peak 10）. The classification results of the systematic clustering analysis and the principal component analysis were basically consistent. Batches S1 to S10 of P. pauciflorum significantly reduced the levels of NO， TNF-α， IL-6 （except for batch S5） and IL-1β in the cell supernatant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Inhibition rates of above inflammatory indexes were 10.26%-39.96%， 14.96%-31.36%， 1.38%-21.27%， 18.54%-28.00%， respectively. The contents of neochlorogenic acid， syringaldehyde， as well as the components corresponding to peaks 1， 3， 9， 12 and 14，exhibited a strong correlation with the anti-inflammatory effects of P. pauciflorum. CONCLUSIONS The present study has analyzed the chemical components of P. pauciflorum and established HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of P. pauciflorum. Each batch of medicinal herbs demonstrates certain anti- inflammatory activities， among which neochlorogenic acid， syringaldehyde， and the components corresponding to peaks 1， 3， 9， 12 and 14 are likely to be the active anti-inflammatory components.

The histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis reflect the complicated and varied interactions between tumor cells and host microenvironment. Exploring the tumor vascular and immunological features of HGPs, the relationship between HGPs and anti-tumor treatment efficacy, and HGPs prediction methods may have potential clinical aplication value for making optimal treatment strategies, evaluating patients' prognosis, and monitoring disease progression.

Objective:To investigate the effects of selinexor,a inhibitor of nuclear export protein 1(XPO1)on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:MTS method was used to detect the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of selinexor on the proliferation of Kasumi-1 cells at different time points.The apoptosis rate and cell cycle changes after treatment with different concentration of selinexor were detected by flow cytometry.Results:Selinexor inhibited the growth of Kasumi-1 cells at different time points in a concentration-dependent manner(r24 h=0.7592,r48 h=0.9456,and r72 h=0.9425).Selinexor inhibited Kasumi-1 cells growth in a time-dependent manner(r=0.9057 in 2.5 μmol/L group,r=0.9897 in 5 μmol/L group and r=0.9994 in 10 μmol/L group).Selinexor could induce apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner(r=0.9732),and the apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells was more obvious with the increase of drug concentration.The proportion of G0/G1 phase was significantly increased and the proportion of S phase was significantly decreased after the treatment of Kasumi-1 cells by selinexor.With the increase of drug concentration,the proportion of Kasumi-1 cells cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase was increased and the cell synthesis was decreased.Conclusion:Selinexor can promote the death of tumor cells by inhibiting Kasumi-1 cells proliferation,inducing apoptosis and blocking cell cycle.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and the risk factors of fungal sepsis in 25 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) among preterm infants in China, and to provide a basis for preventive strategies of fungal sepsis. Methods: This was a second-analysis of the data from the "reduction of infection in neonatal intensive care units using the evidence-based practice for improving quality" study. The current status of fungal sepsis of the 24 731 preterm infants with the gestational age of <34⁺⁰ weeks, who were admitted to 25 participating NICU within 7 days of birth between May 2015 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. These preterm infants were divided into the fungal sepsis group and the without fungal sepsis group according to whether they developed fungal sepsis to analyze the incidences and the microbiology of fungal sepsis. Chi-square test was used to compare the incidences of fungal sepsis in preterm infants with different gestational ages and birth weights and in different NICU. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to study the outcomes of preterm infants with fungal sepsis, which were further compared with those of preterm infants without fungal sepsis. The 144 preterm infants in the fungal sepsis group were matched with 288 preterm infants in the non-fungal sepsis group by propensity score-matched method. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of fungal sepsis. Results: In all, 166 (0.7%) of the 24 731 preterm infants developed fungal sepsis, with the gestational age of (29.7±2.0) weeks and the birth weight of (1 300±293) g. The incidence of fungal sepsis increased with decreasing gestational age and birth weight (both P<0.001). The preterm infants with gestational age of <32 weeks accounted for 87.3% (145/166). The incidence of fungal sepsis was 1.0% (117/11 438) in very preterm infants and 2.0% (28/1 401) in extremely preterm infants, and was 1.3% (103/8 060) in very low birth weight infants and 1.7% (21/1 211) in extremely low birth weight infants, respectively. There was no fungal sepsis in 3 NICU, and the incidences in the other 22 NICU ranged from 0.7% (10/1 397) to 2.9% (21/724), with significant statistical difference (P<0.001). The pathogens were mainly Candida (150/166, 90.4%), including 59 cases of Candida albicans and 91 cases of non-Candida albicans, of which Candida parapsilosis was the most common (41 cases). Fungal sepsis was independently associated with increased risk of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (adjusted OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.04-2.22, P=0.030) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (adjusted OR 2.55, 95%CI 1.12-5.80, P=0.025). Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure (adjusted OR=2.50, 95%CI 1.50-4.17, P<0.001), prolonged use of central line (adjusted OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.03-1.08, P<0.001) and previous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) duration (adjusted OR=1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.06, P<0.001) were all independently associated with increasing risk of fungal sepsis. Conclusions: Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the main pathogens of fungal sepsis among preterm infants in Chinese NICU. Preterm infants with fungal sepsis are at increased risk of moderate to severe BPD and severe ROP. Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure, prolonged use of central line and prolonged duration of TPN will increase the risk of fungal sepsis. Ongoing initiatives are needed to reduce fungal sepsis based on these risk factors.
Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Birth Weight ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Sepsis/epidemiology* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology* ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology*

Objective: To understand the basic characteristics of previously reported patients with hepatitis C and analyze the related factors affecting their antiviral treatment. Methods: A convenient sampling method was adopted. Patients who had been previously diagnosed with hepatitis C in the Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province and Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province were contacted by telephone for an interview study. The Andersen health service utilization behavior model and related literature were used to design the research framework for antiviral treatment in previously reported hepatitis C patients. A step-by-step multivariate regression analysis was used in previously reported hepatitis C patients treated with antiviral therapy. Results: A total of 483 hepatitis C patients, aged 51.73 ± 12.06 years, were investigated. The proportion of male, agricultural occupants who were registered permanent residents, farmers and migrant workers was 65.24%, 67.49%, and 58.18%, respectively. Han ethnicity (70.81%), married (77.02%), and junior high school and below educational level (82.61%) were the main ones. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that married patients with hepatitis C (OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.93-5.25, compared with unmarried, divorced, and widowed patients) with high school education or above (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.54-4.20, compared with patients with junior high school education or below) were more likely to receive antiviral treatment in the predisposition module. Patients with severe self-perceived hepatitis C in the need factor module (compared with patients with mild self-perceived disease, OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.09-5.40) were more likely to receive treatment. In the competency module, the family's per capita monthly income was more than 1,000 yuan (compared with patients with per capita monthly income below 1,000 yuan, OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02-2.47), and the patients had a high level of awareness of hepatitis C knowledge (compared with patients with a low level of knowledge, OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.35), and the family members who knew the patient's infection status (compared with patients with an unknown infection status, OR = 4.59, 95% CI: 2.24-9.39) were more likely to receive antiviral treatment. Conclusion: Different income, educational, and marital statuses are related to antiviral treatment behavior in hepatitis C patients. Family support of hepatitis C patients receiving hepatitis C-related knowledge and their families knowing the infection status is more important in promoting the antiviral treatment of patients, suggesting that in the future, we should further strengthen the hepatitis C knowledge of hepatitis C patients, especially the family support of hepatitis C patients' families in treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; China ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy* ; Hepacivirus ; Logistic Models

Marsdenia tenacissima injection, a standard Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE), has been approved as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for various cancers. Our previous study showed that MTE inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. However, the underlying mechanisms and active ingredients of MTE against PCa were not completely understood. This study revealed that MTE induced significant decreases in cell viability and clonal growth in PCa cells. In addition, MTE induced the apoptosis of DU145 cells by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing the expression of Cleaved Caspase 3/7, Cyt c, and Bax. In vivo, DU145 xenografted NOD-SCID mice treated with MTE showed significantly decreased tumor size. TUNEL staining and Western blot confirmed the pro-apoptotic effects of MTE. Network pharmacology analysis collected 196 ingredients of MTE linked to 655 potential targets, and 709 PCa-associated targets were retrieved, from which 149 overlapped targets were screened out. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, and ErbB signaling pathways were closely related to tumor apoptosis. Western blot results confirmed that MTE increased the expression of p-AKT^Ser473 and p-GSK3β^Ser9, and decreased the expression of p-STAT3^Tyr705in vitro and in vivo. A total of 13 compounds in MTE were identified by HPLC-CAD-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecular docking analysis indicated that six compounds may interact with AKT, GSK3β, and STAT3. In conclusion, MTE induces the endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis of PCa by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/STAT3 signaling axis, resulting in inhibition of PCa growth in vitro and in vivo.
Mice ; Animals ; Male ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Marsdenia ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Apoptosis ; STAT3 Transcription Factor

Drug discrimination is a behavioral pharmacological technique to study the discriminative stimulus effects of drug. Currently drug discrimination has been widely used in preclinical drug development of CNS drugs, the most extensive of which is psychodependent research in the field of drug abuse. This review describes in general the basic principles of drug discrimination, preliminarily elaborates on the relevant characteristics and applications of the subjective effects, time-course effect, stereo specificity, individual differences, and receptor mechanisms, and its development prospects for hallucinogens and cannabis drugs are also presented.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of posterior axillary approach internal fixation for Ideberg Ⅰa andⅡ glenoid fractures. METHODS: From December 2018 to September 2021, 9 patients with lower part of glenoid fractures were treated by posterior axillary approach, including 3 males and 6 females, aged from 50 to 78 years old. All the fractures were closed fractures. According to Ideberg type of scapular glenoid fracture was type Ⅰa in 6 cases and type Ⅱ in 3 cases. AP and lateral X-ray films of scapula were taken at 6, 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Constant-Murley and disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (DASH), and other complications were recorded at the latest follow-up. RESULTS: Nine patients were followed up, ranged from 6 to 15 months. And bone healing was achieved in all 9 patients at the final follow-up, the healing time 3 to 6 months, Constant-Murley score at the final follow-up ranged from 55 to 96, and DASH score ranged from 3.33 to 33.33. Both of them were better than preoperative. CONCLUSION The posterior axillary approach internal fixation for Ideberg Ⅰa and Ideberg Ⅱ Glenoid fractures scapular fracture is satisfactory and worthy of clinical application.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Shoulder/surgery* ; Scapula/surgery* ; Shoulder Fractures ; Fractures, Closed ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To observe the efficacy and adverse reactions of fractional radiofrequency (FRF) in the treatment of facial acne scars.Methods:Fifty-seven patients with facial acne depressed scars were enrolled with the nature of Dreno scars as the diagnostic criteria. They were treated with lattice radiofrequency. The treatment heads were arranged in a matrix with a treatment area of 1.2 cm ×1.2 cm, an energy density of 80-100 mJ/pin, and an interval of five-seven once a week. And they were followed up and evaluated for the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions 6 months after the last treatment. Scoring was carried out according to the ECCA weight scores, and the efficacy judged according to complete improvement, significant improvement, moderate improvement, and mild improvement.Results:After 3 times of fractional radiofrequency treatment of 57 patients, the effective rate was 44 cases, accounting for 77.2%; the ECCA weight scores before and after treatment were 65.9±25.0 and 47.7±20.2, respectively; the difference was statistically significant ( t=13.92, P<0.001); At the same time of improvement, 32 cases of patients' complexion, fineness of pores, and skin elasticity had been improved to varying degrees, and patient satisfaction was high. Adverse reactions were mainly mild burning sensation, erythema and edema, and some patients had pale yellow exudate, etc, which could be relieved in 5-7 days. Conclusions:Fractional radiofrequency treatment of facial acne scars is safe and effective, with short recovery period, few adverse reactions and high patient satisfaction.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of overweight， obesity and fatty liver disease （FLD） in adult residents in a suburban area of Shanghai， and to explore the relationship between these conditions and eating out of home （EOH）. MethodsAdult residents from Zhongshan Street， Songjiang， Shanghai， were invited to report their frequency of EOH and undergo a physical examination using B-ultrasonography from May to September 2017. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between EOH and conditions of overweight， obesity， and FLD. ResultsAmong the final sample size of 6 608 participants， the prevalence rates of overweight， obesity， and FLD were 41.65%， 14.71% and 38.29%， respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders， logistic analyses revealed that participants with an EOH frequency > once/week had a 1.44-fold higher prevalence of obesity （P=0.006）， a 1.35-fold higher prevalence of overweight/obesity （P=0.005）， and a 1.36-fold higher prevalence of FLD （P=0.008）. ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight， obesity， and FLD is relatively high in Songjiang， Shanghai. EOH may be a risk factor for these diseases， and residents are recommended to reduce the frequency of EOH.