As a hot spot in clinical research today, immune checkpoint inhibitor has been recommended by guidelines in the first- and second-line treatments of advanced cervical cancer as immune monotherapy or combination therapy. It has also achieved good efficacy in clinical practice. In locally advanced cervical cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been included in the guidelines for adjuvant therapy, and good tumor regression effects have been achieved in clinical practice. Based on the results of existing trials, immune checkpoint inhibitors have also shown good clinical potential as neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, the issue of immunotherapy rechallenge has increasingly captured clinicians’ attention, offering a potential new therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer patients with prior immunotherapy exposure. In this article, the clinical application and research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of cervical cancer in recent years are summarized to provide valuable ideas and directions for clinical treatment.

Aim To investigate the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1 ) -induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells ( PMVEC), and further analyze the mechanism related to the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Method To construct an EndMT cell model, PMVEC was treated with TGF-β1 (5 μg · L

Objective: To explore the relationship between parenting style and emotional behavior problems in children with development dyslexia (DD), so as to provide reference for family support and intervention measures. Methods: From June to September 2023, 201 children in DD group and typically developing matched by age and sex were selected from the students in grades 3-6 of 4 primary schools in a district of Xinjiang by random cluster sampling method. The Childrens Version of the Parenting Style Scale and the Strength and Difficulty Scale were administered, and the occurrence of childrens emotional behavior problems and parentingstyles in the two groups were compared by Chisquare test and Wicoxon rank sum test. The correlation between parents parenting styles and childrens emotional behavior problems was analyzed by generalized linear regression. Results: The detection rates of emotional behavior problems were 45.77% in DD group and 15.42% in normal control children group. The differences in parenting styles between fathers and mothers of the DD group and the normal control group were statistically significant in terms of emotional warmth, parenting anxiety, and overprotection (Z=4.02, 29.03; 4.94, 26.32; 23.47, 5.30, P<0.05). Generalized linear regression analysis showed that father affective warmth was positively correlated with emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, peer interaction problems and prosocial behaviors (β=0.08, 0.05, 0.05, 0.09, P<0.05). The emotional warmth of mothers in DD group was negatively correlated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity and peer interaction problems (β=-0.18, -0.08, -0.07, -0.08, P<0.05). Conclusions Parenting style is an important factor affecting the emotional behavior problems of DD children. Improving parenting style can reduce the occurrence of emotional behavior problems of DD children.

Objective:To explore the genetic background and clinical features of patients with long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3).Methods:This retrospective cohort included patients diagnosed with LQT3 at the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1998 to December 2022. Patients were categorized into compound type group and single type group based on the presence of a single SCN5A mutation. The two groups were followed up and the differences in baseline characteristics, electrocardiograms, and clinical events between the two groups and probands were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis, and the log-rank test was employed to compare the event-free survival rates of first cardiac events between the groups and probands.Results:A total of 97 LQT3 patients were enrolled, including 59 probands. The age at diagnosis was (23.45±19.86) years, with 46 patients (47.4%) being male. Among them, 89 patients were classified as single type group, while 8 patients were classified as compound type group. Genetic testing identified 49 SCN5A mutations, with missense mutations being the majority (91.8%), primarily located in transmembrane regions (40.8%, n=20), interdomain linker regions (28.6%, n=14), and C-terminus (22.4%, n=11). The first cardiac event occurred in 44 patients (45.4%), with an onset age of (13.82±12.50) years. The main trigger was identified as rest or sleep (54.5%, n=24). Compared with patients in single type group, patients in compound type group were younger at diagnosis ((10.35±10.28) years vs. (24.63±20.13) years, P=0.040), had a significantly higher proportion of syncope (87.5% (7/8) vs. 33.7% (30/89), P=0.009), aborted cardiac arrest (62.5% (5/8) vs. 11.2% (10/89), P=0.001), and a lower incidence of event-free survival rates of first cardiac events (12.5% (1/8) vs.58.4% (52/89), log-rank P=0.001). The probands in compound type group had a significantly higher proportion of aborted cardiac arrest comparing to probands in single type group (62.5% (5/8) vs. 17.6% (9/51), P=0.020), while the difference in the incidence rate of event-free survival rates of first cardiac events between the probands in two groups was not statistically significant (12.5% (1/8) vs. 39.2% (20/51), log-rank P=0.08). Conclusion:Compound type LQT3 patients are not uncommon. Such patients are diagnosed at a younger age and exhibit more severe phenotypes, requiring close follow-up and proactive intervention strategies.

Gap junction proteins have a significant impact on the propagation of neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia.Connexin 43(Cx43),the principal connexin in the central nervous system,typically assembles hexameric hemichannels in an oligomeric state that dock with hemichannels on adjacent cells to form gap junction channels.Ordinarily,the likelihood of cell surface hemichannels opening is minimal.However,during cerebral ischemia,the excessive activation of Cx43 hemichannels leads to the liberation of a substantial quantity of ions(Na+,Cl-,Ca2+,and K+),glutamate,aspartate,and adenosine triphosphate(ATP),thereby resulting in impairment of adjacent cells and aggravation of neuronal injury.Furthermore,the activation of Cx43 hemichannels triggers the release of inflammatory factors,which exhibits a strong association with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome after cerebral ischemia.Hence,the modulation of Cx43 hemichannels presents a potential avenue for mitigating neuroinflammation and subsequently diminishing cerebral ischemic injury.This article focuses on the relationship between Cx43 hemichannels and NLRP3 inflammasome activation,as well as its role in cerebral ischemia,all of which provide novel insights and therapeutic approaches for managing cerebral ischemia.

Objective:To analyze the prenatal diagnosis results and pregnancy outcomes of fetal growth re-striction(FGR)with varying severity and provide guidance for clinical counseling and management of FGR.Meth-ods:A total of 141 pregnant women with FGR treated at Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected for the retrospective study.They were divided into the mild FGR group(3th≤EFW＜10th,84 cases)and the severe FGR group(EFW＜3th,57 cases)based on different estimated fetal weight(EFW).All pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis.The chromosome results and preg-nancy outcomes of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:19 cases(13.5%)of 141 fetuses with FGR were found with chromosome abnormalities.The rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 19.3%(11/57)in the severe FGR group,which was higher than the 9.5%(8/84)in the mild FGR group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.095).110 cases underwent both karyotype analysis and chromosome microarray a-nalysis(CMA).The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in CMA was 13.6%,which was significantly higher than 4.5%in karyotype analysis(P=0.006).Among chromosomal abnormalities,chromosomal aneu-ploidy accounted for 21.05%(4/19),including 1 case of trisomy 18 and 2 cases of 47,XXY.Two cases with dele-tion in the 4p16.3 regions were found in the severe FGR group,and these deletions are associated with Wolf-Hir-schhorn syndrome.The termination rate of pregnancy and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit in the se-vere FGR group were higher than those in the mild FGR group.In contrast,the full-term delivery rate and newborn birth weight were lower in the severe FGR group compared to the mild FGR group,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of stillbirth and preterm birth be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities using CMA in fetuses with FGR was higher than traditional karyotyping.Therefore,it is recommended to combine karyotyping with CMA for invasive prenatal diagnosis of FGR fetuses.The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes increases with severe FGR,and monitoring should be intensified during pregnancy and the perinatal period to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of executive function of developmental dyslexic children and the relationship with social adaptability, in order to provide a scientific basis for promoting healthy development of developmental dyslexic children. Methods: From June to September 2023, 85 students in the developmental dyslexia group, 85 students in the biological agematched group and 85 students in the reading levelmatched group were selected from the third to sixth grades of two elementary school in a region of Xinjiang by cluster random sampling method. Their executive function was assessed by the Stroop procedure, the 2-back procedure and the numerical conversion procedure, respectively, and their social adaptive ability was assessed by the Social Adaptation Scale for Children and Adolescents. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in executive function and social adjustment among the three groups, and Pearsons correlation was used to analyze the relationship between executive function and social adjustment in developmental dyslexic children. Results: Children in the developmental dyslexia group had lower correctness on the Stroop colorword task (0.72±0.21), the 2-back task (0.32±0.13), the digitswitching task (0.54±0.16) and the total score of social adjustment (165.39±31.36) than children in the biological agematched (0.80±0.19,0.38±0.11,0.61±0.15,181.71±31.85) and reading levelmatched group (0.79±0.17,0.35±0.07,0.58±0.15,175.71±27.48) (F=4.54,5.05,4.97,6.31,P<0.01). The inhibition (Stroop colorword task correct rate) and conversion subcomponent (digitswitching task correct rate) of the executive function of children in the developmental dyslexia group were both positively correlated with their social adaptive ability (r=0.34,0.43), and the refreshing subcomponent of the executive function (2-back task correct rate) was negatively correlated with their social adaptive ability (r=-0.27) (P<0.05). Conclusions Children with developmental dyslexia have executive function deficits and social maladjustment, and their executive function is related to social adjustment. Measures should be taken to improve the executive function of developmental dyslexic children and to improve their social adaptation.

Objective Postoperative delirium(POD)has become a critical challenge with severe consequences and increased incidences as the global population ages.However,the underlying mechanism is yet unknown.Our study aimed to explore the changes in metabolites in three specific brain regions and saliva of older mice with postoperative delirium behavior and to identify potential non-invasive biomarkers. Methods Eighteen-month-old male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to the anesthesia/surgery or control group.Behavioral tests were conducted 24 h before surgery and 6,9,and 24 h after surgery.Complement C3(C3)and S100 calcium-binding protein B protein(S100beta)levels were measured in the hippocampus,and a metabolomics analysis was performed on saliva,hippocampus,cortex,and amygdala samples. Results In total,43,33,38,and 14 differential metabolites were detected in the saliva,hippocampus,cortex,and amygdala,respectively."Pyruvate""alpha-linolenic acid"and"2-oleoyl-1-palmitoy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine"are enriched in one common pathway and may be potential non-invasive biomarkers for POD.Common changes were observed in the three brain regions,with the upregulation of 1-methylhistidine and downregulation of D-glutamine. Conclusion Dysfunctions in energy metabolism,oxidative stress,and neurotransmitter dysregulation are implicated in the development of POD.The identification of changes in the level of salivary metabolite biomarkers could aid in the development of noninvasive diagnostic methods for POD.

Objective:To analyze the prenatal diagnosis results and pregnancy outcomes of fetal growth re-striction(FGR)with varying severity and provide guidance for clinical counseling and management of FGR.Meth-ods:A total of 141 pregnant women with FGR treated at Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected for the retrospective study.They were divided into the mild FGR group(3th≤EFW＜10th,84 cases)and the severe FGR group(EFW＜3th,57 cases)based on different estimated fetal weight(EFW).All pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis.The chromosome results and preg-nancy outcomes of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:19 cases(13.5%)of 141 fetuses with FGR were found with chromosome abnormalities.The rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 19.3%(11/57)in the severe FGR group,which was higher than the 9.5%(8/84)in the mild FGR group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.095).110 cases underwent both karyotype analysis and chromosome microarray a-nalysis(CMA).The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in CMA was 13.6%,which was significantly higher than 4.5%in karyotype analysis(P=0.006).Among chromosomal abnormalities,chromosomal aneu-ploidy accounted for 21.05%(4/19),including 1 case of trisomy 18 and 2 cases of 47,XXY.Two cases with dele-tion in the 4p16.3 regions were found in the severe FGR group,and these deletions are associated with Wolf-Hir-schhorn syndrome.The termination rate of pregnancy and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit in the se-vere FGR group were higher than those in the mild FGR group.In contrast,the full-term delivery rate and newborn birth weight were lower in the severe FGR group compared to the mild FGR group,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of stillbirth and preterm birth be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities using CMA in fetuses with FGR was higher than traditional karyotyping.Therefore,it is recommended to combine karyotyping with CMA for invasive prenatal diagnosis of FGR fetuses.The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes increases with severe FGR,and monitoring should be intensified during pregnancy and the perinatal period to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:To analyze the prenatal diagnosis results and pregnancy outcomes of fetal growth re-striction(FGR)with varying severity and provide guidance for clinical counseling and management of FGR.Meth-ods:A total of 141 pregnant women with FGR treated at Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected for the retrospective study.They were divided into the mild FGR group(3th≤EFW＜10th,84 cases)and the severe FGR group(EFW＜3th,57 cases)based on different estimated fetal weight(EFW).All pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis.The chromosome results and preg-nancy outcomes of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:19 cases(13.5%)of 141 fetuses with FGR were found with chromosome abnormalities.The rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 19.3%(11/57)in the severe FGR group,which was higher than the 9.5%(8/84)in the mild FGR group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.095).110 cases underwent both karyotype analysis and chromosome microarray a-nalysis(CMA).The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in CMA was 13.6%,which was significantly higher than 4.5%in karyotype analysis(P=0.006).Among chromosomal abnormalities,chromosomal aneu-ploidy accounted for 21.05%(4/19),including 1 case of trisomy 18 and 2 cases of 47,XXY.Two cases with dele-tion in the 4p16.3 regions were found in the severe FGR group,and these deletions are associated with Wolf-Hir-schhorn syndrome.The termination rate of pregnancy and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit in the se-vere FGR group were higher than those in the mild FGR group.In contrast,the full-term delivery rate and newborn birth weight were lower in the severe FGR group compared to the mild FGR group,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of stillbirth and preterm birth be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities using CMA in fetuses with FGR was higher than traditional karyotyping.Therefore,it is recommended to combine karyotyping with CMA for invasive prenatal diagnosis of FGR fetuses.The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes increases with severe FGR,and monitoring should be intensified during pregnancy and the perinatal period to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.