Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Shugoshin-1 (SGOLl) is one of the human homologues of yeast Shugoshin that locates in the centromeric region. It prevents premature division of the eentromerie cohesin complex and maintaining chromosome stability. Very recently, the role of SGOLl in tumors has emerged, but its role in lung cancer is unclear. In this study, we identify that SGOLl was upregulated in lung cancer samples from the TCGA database (n=529, P< 0.00001), which was correlated to the overall survival time of lung cancer patients (P = 0.0049). Detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, we demonstrate that SGOLl was consistently upregulated in lung cancer cell lines than normal epithelial cell line. Regulatory effects of SGOLl on cell viability, clonality, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells A549 and NCI-H2405 were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), Colony formation, Scratch and Transwell assays, respectively. Compared with the control group, knockdown of SGOLl significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in A549 and NCI-H2405 cells (P<0. 05). A positive correlation was identified between expression levels of pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) and SGOLl in the TCGA data-base (r=0. 38, P = 0). Western blotting results showed that knockdown of SGOLl in A549 and NCI-H2405 cells down-regulated PKM2 as well. In addition, co-interventions of SGOLl and PKM2 were performed in A549 and NCI-H2405 cells to clarify the interaction mechanism between them. The results showed that overexpression of PKM2 in lung cancer cells could partially reverse the regulatory effects of SGOLl knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion (P<0. 05). Therefore, our study showed that SGOLl promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating PKM2. This study provided a theoretical basis for the mechanism of SGOLl in lung cancer.

Cerasomes with different shapes were constructed to investigate the effect of the nanocarriers' shape on the cellular uptake and transmembrane capacity. Cerasome-forming lipid (CFL) was synthesized via halogenation, nucleophilic addition and acylation reaction and detected by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CFL and short chain 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) were employed to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid bicelles in discal shapes (nanodisc) by the thin-film hydration method, and CFL was also used to prepare spherical cerasomes (nanosphere). The particle size and zeta potential of nanocarriers were measured by dynamic light scattering analysis, and the morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. With human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 as the model, the effect of the shape of nanocarriers on cellular uptake and transmembrane capacity was investigated qualitatively by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and the transmembrane capacity was analyzed quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that nanosphere and nanodisc had similar particle diameters around 110 nm and similar zeta potential around -25 mV, with regular morphology under transmission electron microscope. The cellular uptake rate of nanodisc was significantly higher than that of nanosphere in 20 minutes. Further research on Caco-2 cell monolayer demonstrated that nanodisc with faster uptake had less accumulation in the monolayer, which means it had a higher transmembrane rate on Caco-2 cell monolayer and the transmembrane capacity of the nanodisc was better than that of nanosphere within 2 h. These results suggest that rational design of the shape of nanocarriers is expected to regulate nano-bio interactions, promote the transmembrane transport of nanocarriers, and improve the drug absorption.

Objective: Liver fibrosis is an important predictor of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and liver fibrosis share many common metabolic dysfunctions. We aimed to explore the association between PAD and risk of fibrosis deterioration in NAFLD patients. Methods: The study recruited 1,610 NAFLD patients aged ≥ 40 years from a well-defined community at baseline in 2010 and followed up between August 2014 and May 2015. Fibrosis deterioration was defined as the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) status increased to a higher category at the follow-up visit. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index of < 0.90 or > 1.40. Results: During an average of 4.3 years' follow-up, 618 patients progressed to a higher NFS category. PAD was associated with 92% increased risk of fibrosis deterioration [multivariable-adjusted odds ratio ( ): 1.92, 95% confidence interval ( ): 1.24, 2.98]. When stratified by baseline NFS status, the for progression from low to intermediate or high NFS was 1.74 (95% : 1.02, 3.00), and progression from intermediate to high NFS was 2.24 (95% : 1.05, 4.80). There was a significant interaction between PAD and insulin resistance (IR) on fibrosis deterioration ( for interaction = 0.03). As compared with non-PAD and non-IR, the coexistence of PAD and IR was associated with a 3.85-fold (95% : 2.06, 7.18) increased risk of fibrosis deterioration. Conclusion PAD is associated with an increased risk of fibrosis deterioration in NAFLD patients, especially in those with IR. The coexistence of PAD and IR may impose an interactive effect on the risk of fibrosis deterioration.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle Brachial Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; complications ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

CY-1-4 is a tryptanthrin derivative exhibiting antitumor activity. The solubility of CY-1-4 was poor and the corresponding mechanism needs further study. To solve this problem, we prepared nanoparticles encapsulated with CY-1-4 (CY-1-4 NPs) by nanoprecipitation method using poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) as carriers to improve solubility. We then explored whether CY-1-4 NPs induced B16-F10 cytotoxicity via ferroptosis by determining the effect of CY-1-4 NPs on reactive oxygen (ROS) levels, repairing efficacy of lipid reactive oxygen inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO), and potentiation of protoporphyrin (PPIX) induced B16-F10 cell death. The results showed that nanoparticlated strategy significantly improved solubility of CY-1-4. With the particle size about 116 nm, encapsulating efficacy was about 83% and the drug loading capacity was about 4.80%. Ferroptosis mechanistic studies indicated that CY-1-4 NPs could improve the ROS level in B16-F10 cells, whereas ferrostatin-1 and DFO could partly inhibited the cytotoxicity and PPIX could potentiated the cytotoxicity of CY-1-4 NPs in B16-F10 cells. These results showed that ferroptosis was one of the cell death mechanisms induced by tryptanthrin derivative CY-1-4 nanoparticle.

To investigate the " drug-guide" effect of Achyranthes bidentata saponins( ABS) and geniposide( GE) in the treatment on adjuvant arthritis( AA) rats. A UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of GE,zingibroside R1,ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa in rat blood and joint dialysate was established. After single or combined administration with ABS and GE was given to AA rat model,a microdialysis sampling method for rat joint cavity and jugular vein blood vessels was established to collect microdialysis samples. Waters Acquity HSS C_(18) column was used to separate the above four components,with mobile phase as acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid water as mobile phase for gradient elution. ESI source was adopted for mass spectra in a negative ion scanning mode. Multiple reaction monitoring( MRM) mode was applied to detect the above four components. The methodological results showed that GE,zingibroside R1,ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa demonstrated a good linear relationship within the concentration ranges of 2-4 000,16-4 096,14-3 584,23-5 888 μg·L-1 respectively. The precision,accuracy,stability and matrix effect of these four ingredients reached the requirements of quantitative analysis of biological samples. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the combined administration of ABS and GE( 60 mg·kg~(-1)+60 mg·kg~(-1)) can increase the degree of GE in joint cavity distribution,and the AUCjoint/AUCplasmwere twice of that of single administration of GE( 60 mg·kg~(-1)),which indicated that ABS might played a vital role in GE's distribution to joint cavity. Moreover,there was no significant difference between the distribution trend of total three ABS and GE in rats. The pharmacodynamics results showed that the combined administration of ABS and GE has stronger effects on paw swelling,arthritis index and synovial pathomorphology of AA rats than single administration of GE,which suggested that ABS might improve GE's anti-inflammatory effect in AA rats. Based on the above results,ABS has a targeting effect in increasing GE's concentration in joint cavity,with a synergy in efficacy.
Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; pharmacokinetics ; Microdialysis ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Saponins ; pharmacokinetics ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective How to improve the operational safety of foraminoplasty has become a hot spot in present clinical research. This study was to observe the clinical effect of minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation by percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) combined with dynamically assisted visualized intervertebral foraminoplasty (VIVF).Methods Totally, 61 patients with lumbar disc herniation underwent PTED combined with dynamically assisted VIVF in Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January to November 2017. We evaluated the clinical effects using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and modified Macnab Criteria.Results The VAS scores of the patients were significantly lower at 3 days, 3 months and 6 months after surgery than the baseline (1.10±0.60, 1.03±0.26 and 1.07±0.31 vs 7.64±1.11, P<0.05), and so were the ODIs (2.10±0.54, 1.30±0.49 and 1.23±0.46 vs 34.46±3.57, P<0.05). The excellence rate of treatment 96.72% (59/61). None of the patients experienced such postoperative complications as nerve root injury, spinal injury, and dural matter, and no recurrence was observed.Conclusion PTED combined with dynamically assisted VIVF is safe and effective for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of p65 gene inhibited by siRNA on neuronic differentiation in the marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

METHODSThe MSCs were transfected with Rn-p65-siRNA. Fasudil hydrochloride induced MSCs differentiating into neurons. The non-transfected group and negative control group (transfected with negative control siRNA marked by Cy3) were used as controls. The fluorescence expressed by transfected MSCs were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after transfected with negative control siRNA. The viability of MSCs was detected by MTT at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after transfected with Rn-p65-siRNA. The expressions of p65 mRNA and protein in MSCs were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The expressions of p65 protein, NSE, MAP-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunocytochemical method after transfection for 6 h.

RESULTSThe fluorescence of MSCs was mostly displayed after transfection of 72 hours and the efficiency of transfection was up to 83.3% ± 3.8%. Meanwhile, the p65 mRNA and p65 protein expressed by MSCs of transfected group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); MTT displayed that the viability of MSCs was also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The best efficiency of induction was observed in the transfected group. There were higher expressions of NSE and MAP-2 than the other group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe p65 gene inhibited by siRNA can promote the marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neurons.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Rats ; Transcription Factor RelA ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Transfection

Injections for traditional Chinese medicine have over 60 years of history of development and application. In recent years, however, their adverse reactions have been reported one after another. Consequently, studies on screening sensitinogens (sensibiligens) from injections for traditional Chinese medicine have drawn people's attention and become a tough problem all over the world. This essay analyzes the current state of studies on screening techniques of sensitinogens in injections for traditional Chinese medicine according their mechanism of immunotoxicity, and then proposes to adopt the synthetic immunoassay combining immunity bottle chip, immunity cover chip and immunity chromatographic fingerprint to screen sensitinogens from injections for traditional Chinese medicine, in order to build a safety evaluation barrier for development and clinical application of injections for traditional Chinese medicine.
Drug Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

The qualitative and quantitative analysis on traditional Chinese medicine and formula components can be made by chemical and instrumental analysis methods. Of both, the instrumental analysis methods play a dominant role, including HPLC, HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR, GC, GC-MS, biochemical and biological effect. But because traditional Chinese medicines and formula have complicated components, chemical methods are so unspecific that they shall be used less or with caution. While instrumental analysis methods are so specific that they are appropriate for analyzing complicated single component. The analysis techniques for multiple components of traditional Chinese medicines and formula focus on fingerprints, but all of these analysis techniques are limited by the pre-requisite of separation and the lack of general-purpose detectors and therefore being hard to realize the determination of all components of traditional Chinese medicines and formula. In the natural world, however, organisms identify native and alien components through specificity and non-specificity of clusters decided by antigens and antibodies. For example, components of traditional Chinese medicines are directly or indirectly synthesized into antigens and injected into animals, in order to generate specific antibodies and then collect cross reaction information of these components to specific antibodies. As for components without cross reaction, their contents shall be directly read out on the basis of the inhibition rate curve of competitive reaction for specificity of antigens and antibodies. Besides, a cross inhibition rate matrix shall be established first, and them a multiple regression linear equation between cross component concentration or concentration logarithm and inhibition rate by labeling the immunity competitive reaction between antibodies and haptens of traditional Chinese medicine and compound components, and then solved to obtain concentration of each component. The two results are combined to establish the synthetic immunity chip method for traditional Chinese medicine and formula components.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; chemistry