Objective: To explore the design and manufacture of anatomical healing abutment for mandibular first molar implant in order to provide more choices for clinical healing abutment Methods: The buccal lingual diameter and mesial distal diameter of the tooth neck, as well as the slope data of the four axial surfaces of the natural isolated teeth, were obtained by scanning the isolated mandibular first molar with a shining scanner. After statistical analysis of the data, the anatomical healing abutment of the mandibular first molar was designed and constructed using computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Results: The mean buccal and lingual diameters of the mesial and distal diameters of the isolated mandibular first molars were (8.54 ± 0.78) mm and (7.87 ± 0.86) mm, and the tooth neck slopes of each axial surface of the isolated mandibular first molars were 17.53 °(buccal), 14.41 °(lingal), 13.40 °(mesial) and 13.43 °(distal), respectively. Three anatomical healing abutments with different peripheral diameters and heights of 5 mm were obtained according to a certain proportion of reduction of the natural teeth of the mandibular first molars Conclusion The anatomical healing abutment of the mandibular first molar can be quickly obtained by Shining scanning and CAD/CAM technology.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of PIK3CA in Chinese breast cancer patients may be underestimated. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of somatic PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations in Chinese breast cancer patients and explored their roles in tumor phenotypes and disease prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumors from 507 breast cancer patients were prospectively collected from the West China Hospital between 2008 and 2013. Whole exons of AKT1 and PIK3CA were detected in fresh-frozen tumors using next-generation sequencing, and correlations between PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations and clinicopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: The AKT1 mutation was found in 3.6% (18/507) of patients. Tumors from patients that carried the AKT1 mutation were estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‒ and were more likely to have high expression levels of Ki67. The prevalence of the PIK3CA mutation was 46.5% (236/507), and 35 patients carried two or three variants of the PIK3CA gene. PIK3CA mutations were associated with ER+/PR+/HER2‒ status. The prognosis of patients with one mutation in PIK3CA (or PIK3CA/AKT1) was not significantly different than that of patients with wild-type PIK3CA (or PIK3CA/AKT1), while patients with two or three variants in PIK3CA (or PIK3CA/AKT1) exhibited poorer outcomes in the entire group and in all three subgroups (ER+, HER2‒, Ki67 high), particularly with respect to overall survival. CONCLUSION: A high frequency of somatic PIK3CA mutations was detected in Chinese breast cancer patients. In addition to the mutation frequency, the tumor mutational burden of the PIK3CA and AKT1 genes should also be of concern, as they may be associated with poor prognosis.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; China ; Estrogens ; Exons ; Humans ; Mutation Rate ; Phenotype ; Prevalence* ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

OBJECTIVE： To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by singer marker （QAMS） for determining the contents of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece. METHODS： HPLC external standard method was used to determine the contents of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece simultaneously [the separation was carried out on Diamonsil-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution）； the detection wavelengths of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， vanillic acid， rutin， quercetin and kaempferol were set at 254 nm（0-60 min）； the detection wavelength of diosgenin was set at 202 nm （60-75 min） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃]. Using vanillic acid as internal standard， relative correction factors （RCFs） of aother 5 components were calculated and to investigate durability. Relative retention method was used to accurately locate the chromatographic peaks of the components to be determined， and then the contents of the aother 5 components in Polygonati Rhizoma were calculated according to RCFs， and the results were compared with those determined by external standard method. The method was validated by Polygonati Rhizoma decoction piece. The contents of 6 components were determined by QAMS method and external standard method respectively， and then the differences of content determination were compared between 2 methods. RESULTS： The methodology investigation results of HPLC method were in line with related requirements. Within the linear range， the RCFs of diosgenin， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， rutin， quercetin， kaempferol were 0.195， 0.025， 0.263， 0.345 and 0.075， respectively. Under different experiment conditions， RCFs showed good reproducibility； there was no statistical significance of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece determined by external standard method and QAMS method （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Established QAMS method is suitable for simultaneous determination of 6 components in Polygonati Rhizoma and its decoction piece.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the clinical pathway for the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis he-patic fibrosis. Methods The duration of hospital stay,gross hospitalization expense,individual-paid expense,interior diame-ter of portal vein,levels of four serum hepatic fibrosis-related parameters(PIIIP,CIV,HA,and LN),and activities of ALT, AST andγ-GT were assessed and compared between the advanced schistosomiasis patients receiving the clinical pathway and ones receiving non-clinical pathway. Results There were 142 advanced schistosomiasis patients with hepatic fibrosis receiving the clinical pathway of anti-hepatic fibrosis. Compared with the patients receiving non-clinical pathway ,the gross hospitalization expenses reduced by 11.2％(t=6.310,P<0.05),and the individual-paid expenses reduced by 16.1％(t=4.326,P<0.05). The mean HA level was twice higher than the normal range,with a positive rising from 70.4％to 83.1％,and the abnormal rates of CIV andγ-GT were 64.1％and 28.9％respectively. Conclusions The clinical pathway can drastically reduce the treatment expenses in advanced schistosomiasis patients with hepatic fibrosis. However,the patients have a trend towards the persistent disease progression. Therefore,the researches of more effective therapeutic methods for advanced schistosomiasis hepatic fibro-sis are urgently needed.

Objective To investigate the morphological changes of the head,body and tail of the hippocampus in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Totally 30 AD (AD group),30 mild cognition impairment (MCI) patients (MCI group) and 30 normal old persons (normal control group) underwent brain MR scan.Based on the MR images,the head,body and tail of the hippocampus were segmented and the volume was measured.The difference of the volume in total,head,body and tail of hippocampus in AD group,MCI group and normal control group were compared.The correlation between hippocampal volume and the scores of neurological assessment scale was analyzed.Results The left total,head,body and tail volume were greater than those of the right side in 3 groups (all P＜0.05).For the comparison of total volume of left and right sides among the 3 groups,AD group was less than normal control group (both P＜0.01) and MCI group (both P＜0.05),MCI group was less than normal control group (both P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the head,body and tail volume of hippocampus of both sides were decreased in AD group (all P＜0.05) and the volume of left head,body and right head of hippocampus in MCI group were decreased (all P＜0.05).Both sides hippocampus's head and body volume of AD group were less than those of MCI group (both P＜0.05).The scores of minimum mental state examination (MMSE) were positively correlated with the total and the head,body,tail volume of bilateral hippocampus.Except volume of left tail,there were negative correlations between the scores of activities of daily living (ADL),clinical dementia rating (CDR) and the volume of total and head,body,tail of bilateral hippocampus,which were positively correlated with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score.Conclusion The volume of bilateral hippocampus was significantly reduced in AD patients.The head of hippocampal volume was significantly reduced and the body and tail was not obvious.

Purpose To explore an automatic measurement method to replace the manual segmentation of hippocampal volume and brain structure by comparing the relevance and consistency between Freesurfer,as well as voxel based morphometry software (VBM8),and manual measurement of hippocampal volume,respectively.Materials and Methods Totally 67 young subjects (aged 20-40 years) and 75 elderly subjects (aged 60-80 years) were collected separately.After the whole brain MRI scan,the volume of the hippocampus was obtained by manual segmentation,importing to Freesurfer and VBM8 software respectively.Pearson correlation analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to statistically analyze the correlation of Freesurfer and VBM with manual measurement.Meanwhile,Bland-Altman scatter plot was used to reflect the consistency.Results Freesurfer and VBM were both highly related with manual measurement.The left and right r values of Freesurfer and VBM were 0.633,0.679 and 0.666,0.703,respectively in the young group,and 0.627,0.765 and 0.663,0.708,respectively in the elderly group;while ICC results showed an obvious difference.The value measured by Freesurfer in young group (ICC=0.377,0.502) was larger than that in the elderly group (ICC=0.307,0.459).However,on the whole,ICC VBM was larger than ICC Freesurfer and right hippocampal volume was larger than left one.The Bland-Altman diagram showed that the consistency of VBM with manual measurement was better than that of Freesurfer.Conclusion Freesurfer can be applied locally on the measurement of hippocampal volume in young subjects.VBM is more accurate than Freesurfer in replacing manual segmentation for measurement of adult hippocampal volume and for volume measurements used in hippocampus related clinical diseases or needed in experiments.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of aristolochic acid A inPaishi granule.Methods The HPLC system consisted of the Phenomenex Luna C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm)column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.01% HAc, gradient elution flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the column temperature was 35℃, The UV detector was set at 250 nm.Results The linear response range was 0.029-0.580μg/ml (r=0.999 9). The detection limit and quantitation limit of aristolochic acid A inPaishi granule were 0.9 and 3.0 ng/ml. The average recovery of aristolochic acid A was 96.4%.Conclusion The method is high sensitivity, accurate, repeatable and high specificity,and can be used as an inspection method for safe use of Paishi granule.

Objective To investigate the common reasons for intracranial hemorrhage after cranioplasty ,and to analysis the sig‐nificant perioperative factors of intracranial hemorrhage after cranioplsty .Methods Eight hundred and seventy two cases of cranio‐plasty were retrospectively analyzed ;the postoperative intracranial hemorrhage and perioperative risk factors were conducted with multiple linear regression analysis .Results Among the 872 cases ,46 cases suffered intracranial hemorrhage .We found three signifi‐cant perioperative factors of intracranial hemorrhage after cranioplasty :suspension for epidural ,not completely hemostasis and ex‐cessive drainage in ventriculoperitoneal shunt .Conclusion To avoid the three risk factors as far as possible could effectively reduce the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage after cranioplasty .

To investigate the influence of the difference enhancers on the transport mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) across Caco-2 cells model, a RP-HPLC method was adopted to detect the concentrations of CGA. At the concentrations of 20 to 80 microg x mL(-1), the difference of absorption rate constants (K(a)) was not statistically significant. At the concentrations of 40 and 20 microg x mL(-1), the ratios of apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) of the apical to basolateral and the basolateral to apical were 1.14 and 1.18, respectively. With the effect of enhancers K(a) and P(app) increased, the absorption half-life (T1/2) decreased. CGA passed through the Caco-2 cell membrane mainly by passive transport. It showed that monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) could be involved in the across membrane transport process of CGA. Borneol had no effect on the cell membrane transport processes. The order of increasing absorption of CGA caused by the enhancers was sodium lauryl sulphate > sodium taurocholate > carbomer.

Objective To determine the contents of geniPoside in different Parts of the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with different maturity degree Produced in fangxian,in order to find the oPtimum harVest Periods and the medicinal Parts. Methods The maturity of gardenia fruit are diVided into four leVels according to the color from totally green to yellow and red, and then the contents of geniPoside were determined by HPLC. Results The contents of geniPoside in all four leVels of maturity reached the standard by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of geniPoside in fruits of caesious color is uP to 13. 01%. Conclusion There is a negatiVe correlation between the maturity and the content of geniPoside in the mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Caesious fruit has the best maturity degree. It is reasonable to use the whole fruit as medicine according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.