Objective To explore and establish a technical pathway for size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) in pediatric CT patients of different age groups based on structured dose files and DICOM files, and to provide an effective method for precise monitoring of medical radiation exposure in pediatric CT scans. Methods Structured radiation dose reports (SR files) for pediatric patients aged 15 and under, who underwent CT scans between January and December 2023, were exported from the hospital information system. Scanning parameters and dose information were extracted using specialized software, and SSDE was calculated based on the patient body size parameters. The data were grouped by age (0- < 1 year, 1- < 5 years, 5- < 10 years, and 10-15 years) for statistical analysis. Results From January to December 2023, a total of 2706 pediatric CT scans were performed at the hospital, including 385 (14.23%) head scans, 1990 (73.54%) chest scans, 143 (5.28%) abdominal scans, 112 (4.14%) limb scans, and 76 (2.81%) other scans. The typical volume CT dose index (CTDI_vol) for head CT in the age groups of 0- < 1 year, 1- < 5 years, 5- < 10 years, and 10-15 years were 36.21, 35.29, 37.27, and 41.18 mGy, respectively; the corresponding SSDE values were 41.27, 32.82, 30.56, and 28.41 mGy, respectively. For chest CT scans, the typical CTDI_vol for the age groups of 1- < 5 years, 5- < 10 years, and 10-15 years were 1.91, 2.11, and 2.51 mGy, respectively; the corresponding SSDE values were 2.36, 2.21, and 3.50 mGy, respectively. For abdominal CT scans, the typical CTDI_vol for the age groups of 1- < 5 years, 5- < 10 years, and 10-15 years were 3.94, 4.33, and 6.26 mGy, respectively; the corresponding SSDE values were 5.77, 7.10, and 9.79 mGy, respectively. Conclusion This study developed a technical pathway to estimate the medical radiation doses of pediatric CT patients of different ages based on structured dose files and DICOM files. The feasibility of this approach was validated using data collected over a one-year period.

Objective:To investigate the association between congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and the adverse outcomes during hospitalization in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Methods:This prospective, multicenter observational cohort study was conducted based on the data from the Sino-northern Neonatal Network (SNN). Data of 5 818 VLBWI with birth weight <1 500 g and gestational age between 24-<37 weeks that were admitted to the 37 neonatal intensive care units from January 1 st, 2019 to December 31 st, 2022 were collected and analyzed. Thyroid function was first screened at 7 to 10 days after birth, followed by weekly tests within the first 4 weeks, and retested at 36 weeks of corrected gestational age or before discharge. The VLBWI were assigned to the CH group or non-CH group. Chi-square test, Fisher exact probability method, Wilcoxon rank sum test, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between CH and poor prognosis during hospitalization in VLBWI. Results:A total of 5 818 eligible VLBWI were enrolled, with 2 982 (51.3%) males and the gestational age of 30 (29, 31) weeks. The incidence of CH was 5.5% (319 VLBWI). Among the CH group, only 121 VLBWI (37.9%) were diagnosed at the first screening. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CH was associated with increased incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) ( OR=1.31(1.04-1.64), P<0.05) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of stage Ⅲ and above ( OR=1.74(1.11-2.75), P<0.05). However, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed no significant correlation between CH and EUGR, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in stage Ⅱ or above, and ROP in stage Ⅲ or above ( OR=1.04 (0.81-1.33), 0.79 (0.54-1.15), 1.15 (0.58-2.26), 1.43 (0.81-2.53), 1.12 (0.70-1.80), all P>0.05). Conclusion:There is no significant correlation between CH and in-hospital adverse outcomes, possibly due to timely diagnosis and active replacement therapy.

Objective To understand the relationship between air pollutants and digestive system cancers, and to provide a reference for future research and prevention and control of digestive system cancer. Methods All relevant literature published in English between 1970-2022 was searched through the databases of PubMed, web of science and Embase, and meta-analysis was used to explore the effects of specific air pollutants on digestive system cancers. Results PM_2.5 was able to increase the risk of incidence or mortality of total digestive cancers by 11% (1.05 to 1.17). For specific cancers, PM_2.5 was only associated with an increased risk of liver cancer in this study, with a combined RR (95% CI) of 1.31 (1.19 to 1.46), while there was no statistically significant association with other specific digestive cancers ( P>0.05）. NO2 increased the risk of incidence or mortality of total digestive cancers by 3% (1.00 to 1.07). Conclusion For specific digestive system cancers, PM_2.5 has the most pronounced effect on liver cancer. More evidence is needed to support the relationship between NO₂ and cancer. Currently, it has been observed that NO2 has a negative effect on overall digestive cancers. This study provides insights for the prevention and control of digestive system cancer in countries and regions with high PM_2.5 and NO₂ concentrations.

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is an oral anaerobic bacterium that has recently been found to colonize on the surface of colorectal cancer cells in humans, and its degree of enrichment is highly negatively correlated with the prognosis of tumor treatment. Numerous studies have shown that Fn is involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and Fn interacts with multiple components in the tumor microenvironment to increase tumor resistance. In recent years, researchers have begun using nanomedicine to inhibit Fn's proliferation at the tumor site or directly target Fn to treat CRC. This review summarizes the mechanism of Fn in promoting CRC and the latest research progress on Fn-related CRC therapy using different nanomaterials. Finally, the applications perspective of nanomaterials in Fn-promoted CRC therapy was prospected.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Fusobacterium nucleatum/genetics* ; Base Composition ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Microenvironment

ObjectiveTo observe the lower limb muscle activation strategy of healthy middle-aged and old women during stair ascent and descent with surface electromyography. MethodsFrom August, 2021 to February, 2022, 20 healthy middle-aged and old women were measured the surface electromyography root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of bilateral vastus lateral, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus during stair ascent and descent, and co-contraction ratio was calculated. ResultsDuring stair ascent, the RMS of bilateral vastus lateral, rectus femoris and vastus medialis was higher at starting stage than at following stage (|t| > 6.650, P < 0.001), while the RMS of biceps femoris and semitendinosus was lower (t > 3.559, P < 0.01); and the co-contraction ratio of hamstrings/quadriceps was lower at starting stage than at following stage (t > 8.185, P < 0.001). During stair descent, the RMS of bilateral vastus lateral, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus was higher at following stage than at starting stage (t > 2.345, P < 0.05), as well as the co-contraction ratio of hamstrings/quadriceps (t > 2.405, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe activities of the muscles around the knees are almost symmetrical during stair ascent and descent for healthy middle-aged and old women. The activation and co-contraction ratio of quadriceps and hamstring are various at starting/following stages.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and principal components of care needs outside hospital for acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy.Methods A total of 240 acute leu-kemia patients with chemotherapy in authors'hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were se-lected as research objects,and the patients were divided into no demand group and unsatisfied group according to score of the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire.The survey questionnaire was used to collect the related materials of patients;the influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression coefficient;the principal component analysis(PCA)was used to extract the principal components of influencing factors.Results A total of 240 patients completed the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire assessment,of which 132 cases(55.00％)had a need for health information,121 cases(50.42％)had a need for care and support,101 cases(42.08％)had a need for psychology,86 cases(35.83％)had a need for physiology and daily life,and 31 cases(12.92％)had a need for sexual support.There were significant differences in gender,age,educational level,average household income and payment method between the two groups(P＜0.05);there were significant differences in the course of dis-ease,patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms between the two groups(P＜0.05).Univari-ate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,payment method,average household income,course of disease,patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms were the influencing factors of care needs(P＜0.05).Principal component analysis extracted three principal components:payment method,syndrome merging status,anddisease course,with a cumulative con-tribution rate of 63.556％.Conclusion Acute leukemia patients have the highest proportion of health information needs and the lowest proportion of sexual support needs.Payment methods,comor-bidity of symptoms and the course of disease show significant impacts on the care needs of patients.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and principal components of care needs outside hospital for acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy.Methods A total of 240 acute leu-kemia patients with chemotherapy in authors'hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were se-lected as research objects,and the patients were divided into no demand group and unsatisfied group according to score of the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire.The survey questionnaire was used to collect the related materials of patients;the influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression coefficient;the principal component analysis(PCA)was used to extract the principal components of influencing factors.Results A total of 240 patients completed the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire assessment,of which 132 cases(55.00％)had a need for health information,121 cases(50.42％)had a need for care and support,101 cases(42.08％)had a need for psychology,86 cases(35.83％)had a need for physiology and daily life,and 31 cases(12.92％)had a need for sexual support.There were significant differences in gender,age,educational level,average household income and payment method between the two groups(P＜0.05);there were significant differences in the course of dis-ease,patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms between the two groups(P＜0.05).Univari-ate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,payment method,average household income,course of disease,patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms were the influencing factors of care needs(P＜0.05).Principal component analysis extracted three principal components:payment method,syndrome merging status,anddisease course,with a cumulative con-tribution rate of 63.556％.Conclusion Acute leukemia patients have the highest proportion of health information needs and the lowest proportion of sexual support needs.Payment methods,comor-bidity of symptoms and the course of disease show significant impacts on the care needs of patients.

Objective:To understand the current situation of the construction of provincial level and above gerontological nurse specialists (GNSs) training bases in China, including the establishment of bases, training program settings, admission criteria for GNSs, and requirements for training teachers, so as to provide reference for optimizing the training of GNSs.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional survey. From August to October 2021, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the geriatric nursing committees of nursing associations at provincial level and above. A total of 32 electronic questionnaires were distributed to nursing associations in 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the Central Government and the Geriatric Nursing Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association, and 32 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 100.0% (32/32) .Results:In China, 25 nursing associations at or above the provincial level set up training bases for GNSs, and about 3 400 GNSs were trained. 80.0% (20/25) of training bases required a minimum education level of tertiary education and a minimum professional title of junior nurse for GNS trainees. 64.0% (16/25) of training bases required a minimum of 5 working years for GNS trainees. More than half of the training bases required training teachers with a bachelor's degree or above, and a professional title of supervisor nurse or above.Conclusions:The training base for GNSs in China is in a stage of exploration and rapid development. The training system, student admission criteria, and teacher requirements for GNSs among various training bases have not yet formed a unified standard, and further standardization are needed.

Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803(hereafter:Synechocystis)is a model organism for studying photosynthesis,energy metabolism,and environmental stress.Although known as the first fully sequenced phototrophic organism,Synechocystis still has almost half of its proteome without func-tional annotations.In this study,by using co-fractionation coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),we define 291 multi-protein complexes,encompassing 24,092 protein-protein interactions(PPIs)among 2062 distinct gene products.This information not only reveals the roles of photosynthesis in metabolism,cell motility,DNA repair,cell division,and other physiological processes,but also shows how protein functions vary from bacteria to higher plants due to changes in interaction partners.It also allows us to uncover the functions of hypothetical proteins,such as S110445,S110446,and S110447 involved in photosynthesis and cell motility,and Sill 334 involved in regulation of fatty acid biogenesis.Here we present the most exten-sive PPI data for Synechocystis so far,which provide critical insights into fundamental molecular mechanisms in cyanobacteria.

The radiotherapy modulators used in clinic have disadvantages of high toxicity and low selectivity. For the first time, we used the