Objective:To investigate the effects of cannabidiol(CBD)on the NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome in the brains of rats with multiple cerebral concussions(MCC).Methods:Rats were subjec-ted to the MCC model and divided into Sham,MCC,vehicle(MCC+TW),CBD-L(10 mg/kg),and CBD-H(40 mg/kg)groups.Immunofluorescence double staining was used to observe changes in NLRP3 and microglial cells in the brain,and Western Blot was performed to detect the expression changes of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Results:A sig-nificant increase in lectin-positive microglial cells of the cortex with enlarged cell bodies and elevated immunofluores-cence intensity of NLRP3 in the activated microglial cells was revealed by immunofluorescence double staining following MCC(P＜0.05).The immunofluorescence intensity of NLRP3 in the activated microglial cells was downregulated by the administration of CBD,with a more pronounced effect observed in the CBD-H group compared to the CBD-L group(P＜0.05).The expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC)in the cortex,hippocampus,and basal ganglia of rats following MCC was significantly increased,as shown by Western Blot analysis(P＜0.05),and cortical areas are more elevated.The expression of these proteins in different brain regions was reduced by CBD-10 and CBD-40 intervention(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Cannabidiol can reduce the inflammatory response of multiple cerebral concussions rats through NLRP3 inflammasome and protect nerve tissue.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of influenza virus detection in an influenza outbreak in schools, so as to provide a strategic basis for the treatment of influenza outbreaks in schools. Methods: A total of 1 702 samples were collected from 52 school influenza outbreaks reported in Linyi City in 2021-2022. The samples were divided into 3 types according to different symptoms during the management of the epidemic [group A:influenzalike illness (ILI) group; group B:mild illness group; group C:close contacts group]. Rt-PCR was used to detect influenza virus nucleic acid in the collected samples. The detection rate of influenza virus in the outbreaks was analyzed by χ2 test. Results: In total, 1 071 samples (62.93%) tested positive for influenza virus nucleic acid. Among them, 610 out of 726 samples (84.02%) were detected in group A, while 331 out of 634 samples (52.21%) were detected in group B. In group C, 130 out of 342 samples (38.01%) tested positive. The differences were statistically significant (χ2=260.71, P<0.01). In group A, males had a detection rate of 80.83% for influenza virus nucleic acid, compared to 91.36% for females. For group B, the rates were 53.31% for males and 50.87% for females. In group C, males had a rate of 30.72%, while females had a rate of 43.92%. Statistical significance for gender differences was observed only in groups A and C (χ2=12.67, 6.25, P<0.05). According to the days of onset, the detection rates of influenza virus nucleic acid among patients with onset 0-6 days were 56.30%, 74.49%, 89.35%, 86.23%, 69.67%, 62.75%, 34.33%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=128.27, P<0.01). Conclusions Mild cases and close contacts are likely key factors contributing to the prolonged emergence of new cases within classrooms during school influenza outbreaks. The progression of influenza symptoms is related to the risk of transmission.

Background Workers engaged in benzene-exposed or benzene-containing solvent-exposed operations in China are predominantly subjected to a low concentration of benzene series compounds, and prolonged exposure to low concentrations of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) may have implications for blood pressure. Objective To investigate the influence of low-concentration BTX exposure on the blood pressure of workers, aiming to provide a basis for enterprises to devise associated health management strategies to mitigate the occurrence of hypertension among workers exposed to low concentrations of BTX. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 884 workers from a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan who participated in an occupational health examination in 2022 were selected as the study population, and were divided into an exposure group of 649 workers and a control group of 235 workers based on their reporting of BTX exposure or not. Data on workplace BTX concentrations and health examinations of the study subjects were collected and questionnaires were administered. In addition, S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), hippuric acid (HA), and methyl hippuric acid (MHA, including the three isomers 2-MHA, 3-MHA, and 4-MHA) were measured in the urine of the workers using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to assess internal BTX burden. The effects of low-concentration BTX exposure on blood pressure were analyzed. Results In 2022, the concentrations of benzene, toluene, and xylene of all monitoring points did not exceeded the national limits by either time-weighted average (TWA) or short-term exposure limit (STEL), indicating low-concentration BTX exposure. Regarding the internal burden of BTX, the concentrations of benzene metabolite S-PMA, toluene metabolite HA, and xylene metabolites 3-MHA and 4-MHA in the urine samples in the exposure group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between urinary S-PMA concentration and diastolic blood pressure in the workers (r=0.265, P < 0.05). Differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure distributions were statistically significant among workers grouped by sex, age, work years, educational levels, monthly income, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, dietary oil, and types of residential address (P < 0.05). Significant differences in systolic blood pressure distribution were observed among workers by smoking status and levels of labor intensity (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the workers in the exposure group exhibited a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that age, sex, and BMI had statistically significant effects on systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), while age, work years, and BMI had statistically significant effects on diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). The systolic blood pressure of age > 35 years, male, overweight and obese workers was significantly higher than that of age ≤ 35 years, female, and underweight workers, and the diastolic blood pressure of age > 35 years, work years > 5 years, and obese workers was higher than age ≤35 years, ≤5 years of service, and underweight workers. Low-concentration BTX exposure was one of the main influencing factors for elevated diastolic blood pressure, and the exposed workers showed a 1.337 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Low-concentration BTX exposure, work years > 5 years, and obesity may elevate blood pressure among petroleum refininig workers. Regular blood pressure monitoring and enhanced health interventions for this occupational group are warranted.

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of elevated blood pressure among employees in a large petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province. Methods A total of 940 workers from a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province was selected as the study subjects using the convenience sampling method. The results of their health status survey, occupational medical examination, and occupational stress measurement were collected. Results The detection rate of elevated blood pressure in the study subjects was 23.9% (225/940), with the detection rate of normal blood pressure and hypertension of 17.7% (166/940) and 6.3% (59/940), respectively. The detection rate of occupational stress was 28.8% (271/940). The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that workers aged 30 -<40, 40 -<50, and ≥50 years had a higher risk of elevated blood pressure than those aged <30 years after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, residential address, length of service, education level, personal monthly income, smoking status, physical exercise, salt intake, oil intake, occupational stress, and high temperature exposure (all P<0.05). Workers in the body mass index (BMI) overweight group and obese group had a higher risk of elevated blood pressure than those in the normal group (all P<0.05). The risk of elevated blood pressure was higher in workers who drinks than those who did not (P<0.05). Workers exposed to noise levels of 85-90 dB(A) had a lower risk of elevated blood pressure compared to those exposed to noise levels >90 dB(A) (P<0.05). Conclusion Age, BMI, drinking status, and noise exposure levels are independent influencing factors for elevated blood pressure among workers in this petroleum refining enterprise. Blood pressure management should be strengthened for workers aged ≥30 years, overweight, obesity, alcohol consumption and with noise exposure intensity > 90 dB(A).

Objective:To investigate the effect of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced activated BV2 microglia through p38 mitogen-activa-ted protein kinase(p38 MAPK)pathway.Methods:BV2 microglia were divided into control group,LPS activated group and LPS+panax notoginseng saponins intervention group(LPS+PNS).The CCK-8 method was used to detect the viability of BV2 microglia and determine the optimal drug intervention concentration.Western Blot and immunofluo-rescence were used to detect the expression of p38 MAPK and TNF-α and the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)in BV2 microglia.Results:Compared with the blank control group,there was no significant difference in the cell viability of BV2 microglia,and finally 100 mg/L was selected as the drug intervention concentration.Western Blot and immunofluorescence results indicated that after LPS activation,the expression of TNF-α and the phosphoryla-tion level of p38 MAPK in BV2 microglia were significantly increased(P＜0.05).After PNS intervention,compared with LPS-activated group,the expression of TNF-α and the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After treatment with p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor(SB203580),there was no significant differ-ence in the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and TNF-α in PNS combined with SB203580 group(LPS+PNS+I)com-pared with LPS+PNS group(P＞0.05).In addition,the changes of p38 MAPK in each group were not statistically sig-nificant(P＞0.05).Conclusion:PNS may inhibit the expression of inflammatory factor TNF-α secreted by activated BV2 microglia through p38 MAPK pathway.

Objective:To explore the impact of scutellarin on the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(P13K)and phosphorylated P13K(p-PI3K)in activated microglia.Methods:A rat cerebral ischemia model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)method.SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group(Sham),cerebral ischemia group(MCAO),and cerebral ischemia with scutellarin group(MCAO+S).A model of ischemia-hypoxia injury of BV2 microglia was established by glucose-oxygen deprivation(OGD)and randomly assigned as control group(Control),OGD group and OGD+scutellarin group(OGD+S).Changes in PI3K and p-PI3K expres-sion in microglia were assessed using double immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot.Results:Immunofluores-cence staining and Western Blot analyses revealed a significant increase in p-PI3K levels in activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro(P＜0.05).Furthermore,treatment with scutellarin led to a further elevation in p-PI3K(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant alterations observed in PI3 K expression among the groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Scutellarin may play a positive role in the treatment of cerebral ischemia by up-regulating the phosphorylation level of P13K in activated microglia.

Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Erigeron breviscapus in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke through network pharmaco-molecular docking.Methods:The Chinese Herbal Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Platform(TCMSP)database provided active ingredients and potential targets of Erigeron breviscapus.Ischemic stroke-related targets were searched through the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)database,the bioinformatics and chemoinformatics(DrugBank)database and human gene comprehensive database(GeneCards).The targets criteria were de-weighted by the Protein Data Bank(Uniprot)and imported into the Venny online platform to obtain the intersecting targets of both.The intersecting targets were visualized by STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.1 software for protein-protein interaction(PPI),followed by the enrichment analysis of intersection targets for gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway.AutoDock Vina1.5.6 software was used to verify the molecular docking of key active ingredients and core targets and realize the vi-sualization of docking results.Results:Eleven active ingredients and 176 targets were obtained.There were 690 targets ischemic stroke-related targets and 69 intersection targets.Through PPI network,10 core genes were screened according to the degree value,including tumor necrosis factor(TNF),interleukin-6(IL-6),serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA).KEGG enrichment included the advanced glycation end products-receptor(AGE-RAGE)signaling pathway,interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,etc.The top 3 active ingredients and the top 5 target proteins were selected according to the degree value,and the molecular docking results demonstrated a considerable binding ability.Conclusion:Erigeron breviscapus in the treatment of ischemic stroke may work through multiple active ingredients,such as quercetin,kakaferol,and luteolin,which act on TNF,IL-6,AKT1,IL-1β,and VEGFA,and through a varie-ty of signaling pathways such as IL-17,TNF,etc.showing the characteristics of multi-components,multi-targets,and multi-pathways.

Objective : To investigate the mechanism of sertoli/spermatogenic injury induced by cigarette smoke extract(CSE) based on ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Methods : The sertoli/spermatogenic of rat were cultured in vitro , and they were divided into control group , cigarette Smoke extract (CSE) group and CSE + NLRP3 inflammosome inhibitor MCC950 group. Cell viability was detected by CCK⁃8 assay; Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) was used to detect cell membrane damage ; reactive oxygen species ( ROS) production was used to detect oxidative stress level ; Hoechst/PI fluorescent staining was used to detect cell pyroptosis. Real⁃time quantitative PCR ( RT⁃qPCR) was used to determine the mRNA level of NLRP3 , ASC , Caspase⁃1 , GSDMD , IL⁃1β and IL⁃18. Western blot was used to determine the protein level of NLRP3 , ASC , Caspase⁃1 , GSDMD , IL⁃1β and IL⁃18. Results: CCK⁃8 assay showed that cell viability decreased in CSE group (P < 0. 001) , LDH leakage rate (P < 0. 001) and ROS (P < 0. 001) production increased. Compared to the CSE group , cell viability increased (P < 0. 001) , LDH leakage rate (P < 0. 01) and ROS (P < 0. 001) production decreased in CSE + MCC950 group. The number of PI staining cells in CSE group was more than that in control group and CSE + MCC950 group , but staining cells in CSE + MCC950 group was less than that in CSE group. RT⁃qPCR and Western blot results showed that the expression levels of NLRP3 , ASC , Caspase⁃1 , GSDMD , IL⁃1β and IL⁃18 increased in CSE group but decreased in CSE+ MCC950 group. Conclusion The oxidative stress and inflammation of sertoli/spermatogenic induced by ciga⁃ rette smoke may be related to the activation of ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Background Occupational stress has become one of the main factors affecting people's physical and mental health, and there are many sources of occupational stress in petrochemical enterprises. Objective To evaluate the current situation of occupational stress and its related factors among employees in a petrochemical enterprise, and to provide a scientific basis for reduing the risk of occupational stress among employees in petrochemical enterprises. Methods In June 2022, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a petrochemical enterprise in Hainan, including a general information questionnaire for basic information, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) for occupational stress, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. Chi-square test was used to compare differences in positive occupational stress by demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, behavior, and occupational disease hazards. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate factors associated with occupational stress. Results Of the 1129 questionnaire distributed, a total of 999 valid questionnaire were returned,with a valid recovery rate of 88.5%. The positive rate of occupational stress among employees in the petrochemical enterprise was 29.5%. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of occupational stress among the employees grouped by gender, age, marital status, body mass index (BMI), monthly income, length of service, smoking, weekly working hours, type of work, working mode, sleep quality, noise exposure, and high temperature exposure (P<0.05). In terms of positive occupational stress among subcategories: workers being male (vs. female), working ＞40 h per week (vs. ≤40 h per week), regular day shift (vs. shift work), smoking (vs. not smoking), with exposure to noise and heat (vs. without such exposure), and having poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) reported higher positive occupational stress rates (P＜0.05). The results of pairwise comparison showed that the positive rate of occupational stress in divorced (50.0%) or married (32.0%) workers was higher than that in single (27.1%) workers, and higher in operation workers (30.6%) than in other types of work (20.5%) (P＜0.05). The trend chi-square results showed that the positive rate of occupational stress increased linearly with the increase of age, length of service, BMI, or monthly income (P＜0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis after adjustment showed that workers who worked ＞40 h a week had a higher risk of occupational stress than those who worked ≤40 h a week, and the OR (95%CI) was 1.909 (1.135, 3.211); the workers of other types of work had a lower risk of reporting occupational stress than operation workers, and the OR (95%CI) was 0.513 (0.272, 0.968); the workers with noise exposure had a higher risk of occupational stress than the workers without, and the OR (95%CI) was 2.457 (1.070, 5.642). Conclusion The positive rate of occupational stress among employees in this petrochemical enterprise is high. Among them, operators, working hours per week＞40 h, and noise exposure may increase the incidence of occupational stress. The enterprise should actively take measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress among employees.

Objective:To explore the suitability of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation combined with external diaphragm pacemaker in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation and its effect on the complications and prognosis of mechanical ventilation.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 40 elderly patients undergoing mechanical ventilation through nasal tracheal intubation who were admitted to the Geriatric Ward of the PLA General Hospital from September 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group by random number table method, with 20 cases in each group. The control group continued the traditional airway nursing technique and limb rehabilitation training, while the observation group added mechanical insufflation-exsufflation combined with external diaphragm pacemaker on the basis of the control group. The incidence of pulmonary infection, changes in sputum production at 1 h and 24 h, diaphragm thickening rate, weaning time, success rate of weaning and mortality rate were observed in the two groups before and after intervention.Results:After the intervention, the incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group was lower than that of the control group, the sputum production and diaphragm thickening rate at 1 h and 24 h were higher than those in the control group, the weaning time was shorter than that of the control group, and the success rate of weaning was higher than that of the control group. All differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Compared with traditional airway nursing techniques, mechanical insufflation-exsufflation combined with external diaphragm pacemaker can help elderly patients with mechanical ventilation achieve airway clearance and respiratory muscle exercise more safely and effectively, improve strength and endurance of diaphragmatic muscle and enhance the ability of spontaneous cough in elderly patients. In addition, the intervention method is mild and easy for patients to accept, and it is worthy of being widely used in elderly patients with mechanical ventilation.