Objective To evaluate the feasibility,reliability and validity of the symptom identification scale for kidney yang deficiency syndrome.Methods The symptom identification scale for kidney yang deficiency syndrome developed in previous research was administered to 200 vascular cognitive impairment patients from September 2020 to September 2022 to assess feasibility through recall rate,completion rate,and completion time;reliability was measured using retest reliability,split-half reliability,homogeneity reliability,and inter-rater reliability;and validity was evaluated based on discriminant and structural validity.Results A total of 200 scales were sent out,and all of them cooperated and were completed and retrieved within 20 min.The results of reliability analysis showed that the retest reliability of the scale was 0.828 for the dimension of yang deficiency and 0.718 for the dimension of kidney qi deficiency;the Spearman-Brown coefficient of split-half reliability was 0.784;the Cronbach coefficient of the dimension of yang deficiency was 0.799,and the Cronbach coefficient of the dimension of kidney qi deficiency in the homogeneity reliability was 0.670.The results of the analysis showed that the differences between the kidney yang deficiency syndrome group and the non-kidney yang deficiency syndrome group in the yang deficiency dimension,kidney qi deficiency dimension scores and total scale scores in the discriminant validity were statistically significant(P<0.001);the KMO value in the structural validity was 0.842,and a total of two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 58.227%.Conclusion The symptom identification scale for kidney yang deficiency syndrome demonstrates adequate reliability and validity,potentially enhancing the prediction of kidney yang deficiency in vascular cognitive impairment.However,the validity of the scale is somewhat limited and requires further refinement for clinical application.

"Metaflammation,"proposed by Hotamisligil in 2006,refers to a chronic low-grade inflamma-tion triggered by metabolic factors such as excessive nutrition and energy,persisting at subacute levels over an extended period.Immune cells infiltrate the inflammatory site,leading to enhanced expression or activity of various inflammatory molecules and subsequent inflammatory damage.Recent research on metabolic-related fatty liver disease has revealed that modern metaflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.The associated inflammatory pathways offer promising prospects for the development of targeted drugs.This article provides an updated review on the advancements in metaflammation within NAFLD.

Objective By population survey,to explore the epidemiological characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods From July 2021 to December 2022,21 977 patients who received endoscopy and/or 13C-UBT in Lishui District People's Hospital and 6 medical community units in Nanjing City were retrospectively analyzed for demography characteristics,detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and H.Pylori infection rate.Results(1)590 cases of gastric precancerous lesions were detected(detection rate 2.68%);(2)The total detection rate of precancerous lesions and three pathological types in males were all higher than those in females(all P<0.001);(3)The minimum age for the total detection rate of precancerous lesions in males and the mini-mum age for each pathological type were lower than in females(P<0.001,0.009,0.005,0.002);(4)The popu-lation total H.pylori infection rate was 23.10%,the H.pylori infection rate in patients with precancerous lesions was higher than that in non-precancerous lesions(P<0.001),both H.pylori infection rate of male and female in precancerous lesions were all higher than those of non-precancerous lesions of the same sex(all P<0.001),in addition,the H.pylori infection rate of male whether in precancerous or non-precancerous lesions was higher than that of female(all P<0.001);(5)The precancerous lesions detection rate in male,female,and the overall age range of 20～29 to 70～79 years is positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and rapidly decreases after the age of 79,the of H.pylori infection rate was also positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and the trend of age change(P<0.001)was parallel to the precancerous lesions detection rate.Conclusions The detec-tion rate of gastric precancerous lesions in this region is above the average level in China;the total H.pylori infec-tion rate is at a relatively low level in China;the H.pylori infection rate is parallel to the age trend of the detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and increases with age.

Objective:To conduct a nationwide physician survey to better understand clinicians’ disease awareness, treatment patterns, and experience of Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia (WM) in China.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022 by recruiting clinicians with WM treatment experience from hematology, hematology-oncology, and oncology departments throughout China. Quantitative surveys were designed based on the qualitative interviews.Results:The study included 415 clinicians from 219 hospitals spread across thirty-three cities and twenty-two provinces. As for diagnosis, the laboratory tests prescribed by physicians for suspected WM patients were relatively consistent (92% -99% recommendation for laboratory, 79% -95% recommendation for pathology, 96% recommendation for gene testing, and 63% -83% recommendation for imaging examination). However, from a physician's perspective, there was 22% misdiagnosis occurred in clinical practice. The rate of misdiagnosis was higher in lower-level hospitals than in tertiary grade A hospitals (29% vs 21%, P<0.001). The main reasons for misdiagnosis were that WM was easily confused with other diseases, and physicians lacked the necessary knowledge to make an accurate diagnosis. In terms of gene testing in clinical practice, 96% of participating physicians believed that WM patients would require gene testing for MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations because the results of gene testing would aid in confirming diagnosis and treatment options. In terms of treatment, 55% of physicians thought that the most important goal was to achieve remission, while 54% and 51% of physicians wanted to improve laboratory and/or examination results and extend overall survival time, respectively. Among patients with treatment indications, physicians estimated that approximately 21% of them refused to receive treatment, mainly owing to a lack of affordable care and disease awareness. When selecting the most appropriate treatment regimens, physicians would consider patient affordability (63% ), comorbidity (61% ), and risk level (54% ). Regimens containing Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) were most widely recommended for both treatment-na?ve and relapsed/refractory patients (94% for all patients, 95% for treatment-na?ve patients, and 75% for relapsed/refractory patients), and most physicians recommended Ibrutinib (84% ). For those patients who received treatment, physicians reported that approximately 23% of patients did not comply with the treatment regimen due to a lack of affordability and disease awareness. Furthermore, 66% of physicians believe that in the future, increasing disease awareness and improving diagnosis rates is critical. Conclusions:This study is the first national physician survey of WM conducted in China. It systematically describes the issues that exist in WM diagnosis and treatment in China, such as a high rate of misdiagnosis, limited access to gene testing and new drugs, and poor patient adherence to treatment. Chinese doctors believe that improving doctors’ and patients’ understanding of WM is one of the most urgent issues that must be addressed right now.

Objective To explore the oral mucosal manifestations of Sweet's syndrome and provide a reference for its early detection and correct diagnosis.Methods The oral mucosal manifestations of a 60-year-old female patient with Sweet's syndrome are described in detail,followed by a discussion of the related literature.Results The patient had skin erythema of both lower extremities,which was accompanied by oral mucosal ulceration and pain for 3 days.The patient presented with mild cutaneous lesions and diffuse large-scale erosion in the oral mucosa with obvious pain.During the onset of the disease,the patient was accompanied by fever with a temperature of 38.5℃.After visiting the Department of Stomatology,laboratory tests showed an increase in C-reactive protein(35.2 mg/L)and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(77.00 mm/h).Scattered red plaques and mild tenderness were observed in the knees and lower limbs.Histopathological examination of the skin lesions revealed scattered infiltration of immature neutrophils across the entire dermis.The patient responded well to glucocorticoid therapy.According to the clinical signs and labo-ratory examination,combined with the lesion histopathological results,a diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome was given.The patient was administered 1 mL compound Betamethasone injection only once intramuscularly.In the meantime,the pa-tient was asked to gargle with compound chlorhexidine solution and topically apply recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor solution to the damaged mucosa three times a day for 1 week.After 4 days of medication,the patient's body temperature had returned to normal and the oral lesions were significantly reduced.After 2 weeks,the erythema in the leg and knee had almost all subsided,and the oral mucosal lesions had disappeared.The patient was followed up 6 months after treatment,with no recurrence of skin lesions.After 2 years of follow-up,the disease was stable with no re-currence.A review of the relevant literature shows that Sweet's syndrome is a rare inflammatory reactive dermatosis with unknown etiology,which can be divided into three clinical types:specific,tumor-related,and drug-induced.The male/female prevalence ratio is 1:4.The salient clinical manifestations are abrupt onset of painful erythematous plaques or nodules most commonly involving the extremities,often accompanied by pyrexia,elevated neutrophil count,elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate,and positive C-reactive protein.The use of glucocorticoids is the most common treatment for this disease,and most patients see a rapid improvement in skin lesions;however,some may experience infection or recurrence after withdrawal.Some patients with Sweet's syndrome are accompanied by oral lesions,but cases of oral mucosal damage have been rarely reported,and this condition is easily misdiagnosed.Conclusion Oral mucosal lesions may be extraterritorial manifestations of Sweet's syndrome,and the patient's systemic condition should be comprehensively considered.Skin biopsy should be completed as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis,so as not to delay the disease.J Prev Treat Stomatol Dis,2024,32(8):620-624.

Objective To make transfusion management strategies for patients with history of blood transfusion and/or pregnancy by following up a patient with delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions(DHTR)caused by unexpected antibody produced after blood transfusion.Methods ABO,Rh,MN and Kidd blood group test,direct antiglobulin test,unexpected antibody screening,antibody identification,antibody titer detection,and cross-matching test were performed on a patient with DHTR.Meanwhile,suitable red blood cells were screened for subsequent treatment.Results The patient′s blood group was B,RhD(+)and CCDee,the antibody screening test and cross-matching test were negative before the first trans-fusion.After eight days,hemoglobin of the patient decreased to 57 g/L and the laboratory results indicated delayed hemoly-sis,the antibody screening was positive,and the antibody identification result was anti-M,as RBCs of the patient received typed as M+N+.After the patient received M antigen negative RBCs,the laboratory test results still indicated delayed sero-logic transfusion reaction.A new antibody arose and was identified as anti-Jka while RBCs transfused were M-N+and Jk(a+b-).Afterwards,it was effective for the patient to receive B,RhD(+),M-N+and Jk(a-b+)RBCs.Conclusion Most of the homologous antibodies produced by patients after blood transfusion will disappear within a few years.When patients undergo another transfusion,DHTR may occur because of anamnestic reaction.Establishing a transfusion management docu-ment and creating a card for patients who have already produced RBC alloantibodies can greatly reduce the occurrence of DHTR by informing doctors and staff when the next transfusion is needed.

Objective To discuss the perioperative blood transfusion strategy of patients with hereditary coagulation fac-tor deficiency through the perioperative blood coagulation management of a patient with coagulation factor Ⅺ deficiency and hemangioma of knee joint.Methods Coagulation factor activity test and gene test were used to confirm the patients with co-agulation factor Ⅺ antecedent deficiency.Perioperative bleeding risk assessment,thromboela-stogram(TEG)and coagula-tion factors detection were performed to detect the coagulation status of the patients.400 mL fresh frozen plasma was trans-fused before surgery and first day after surgery,200 mL daily for 3 days thereafter.Results The level of APTT was con-trolled from 97.1 s before operation to 36.9 s after operation.There was no obvious bleeding during operation,and the wound healed well after operation.Conclusion In the situation of lack of commercial coagulation factors,transfusion of blood products such as fresh frozen plasma can significantly improve the coagulation function and reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding in patients with hereditary coagulation factor deficiency during perioperative period.

【Objective】 To design and simulate routine serological experiments in transfusion techniques using RhD blood group, so as to solve the problem of difficult to obtain positive specimens in experimental teaching. 【Methods】 RhD positive red blood cells, RhD negative red blood cells and anti-D reagent were used to design and simulate the enzyme treatment experiment, absorption and elution test, antibody identification experiment and cross matching experiment of polybrene technology in transfusion techniques. 【Results】 Papain treatment of red blood cells made the agglutination of RhD positive red blood cells and IgG anti-D visible. Absorption and elution test were successfully simulated with RhD positive red blood cells and IgG anti-D reagent. The antibody identification of anti-Jk^a and anti-Fy^a was successfully simulated by creating different identification panel and panel cells made by RhD positive cells and negative cells. Cross matching test of polybrene method can also be simulated using RhD negative and positive red blood cells and IgG anti-D reagent. 【Conclusion】 RhD blood group can be used to simulate most of the routine serological experiments of blood transfusion, which can be used in the serological laboratory teaching of transfusion.

Objective:To study the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) combined with sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function and hemodynamics in elderly patients with humeral fractures during the operation.Methods:A total of 120 elderly patients with humeral fractures diagnosed and treated in Chaoyang Central Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were selected and divided into the control group (59 cases) and the study group (61 cases) according to the non-randomized clinical concurrent controlled study and patients′ voluntary principle. Sevoflurane inhalation was given to patients to maintain general anesthesia in two groups, while Dex anesthesia was given to the study group. Cognitive function, hemodynamics, stress response and pain were compared between the two groups before and after the operation, and anesthesia related complications were observed and recorded.Results:The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the study group at 10 min after endotracheal intubation (T 1), operation time (T 2), 30 min after the beginning of the operation (T 3) were lower than those in the control group, the heart rate (HR) in the study group at T 2, T 3 and the immediate time after the operation (T 4) were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of norepinephrine (NE) and cortisol (Cor) in the study group were lower than those in the control group after the surgery: (0.92 ± 0.19) mmol/L vs. (1.10 ± 0.28) mmol/L, (213.69 ± 20.83) μg/L vs. (258.43 ± 28.27) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessmentin the study group on 3, 7 d after the operation were higher than those in the control group: (23.42 ± 1.37) points vs. (21.39 ± 1.53) points, (25.83 ± 0.95) points vs. (25.14 ± 0.99) points, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of anesthesia related complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group: 8.2%(5/61) vs. 22.0%(13/59), χ2 = 4.50, P<0.05. Conclusions:The application of Dex combined with sevoflurane in the anesthesia of elderly patients with humeral fractures is beneficial to maintain hemodynamic stability, reduce stress response and pain degree, and promote the recovery of cognitive function.

Multiple studies has indicated an increased risk of cognitive decline in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and treatments targeting the abnormal metabolic components of MetS are considered to be able to prevent and delay the onset of dementia. Phosphatidylinosito-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway plays an important role in peripheral metabolism and brain biological function, and is a common signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of MetS and cognitive impairment. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has been attempted to use as an entry point for treatment of cognitive impairment related with MetS. In our research, the mechanism of cognitive impairment in MetS through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is reviewed from aspects of glucose uptake, cholesterol synthesis, acetylcholine level, Aβ aggregation and tau protein phosphorylation in brain, which aims to clarify how PI3K/Akt signaling pathway participates in cognitive impairment related to comorbid MetS, and to find new targets for treating cognitive impairment related to comorbid MetS.