Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.

There are many researchers on the clinical thinking of Treatise on Cold Damage,and a relatively complete research sys-tem on Treatise on Cold Damage has gradually been formed.However,there are still shortcomings,such as incomplete understanding of the clinical value of this book,the diagnosis and treatment of epidemic diseases focusing on febrile diseases and underestimating ty-phoid fever,problems in how classical theories deal with contemporary diseases and the application of classical prescriptions.This arti-cle proposes that Treatise on Cold Damage is the law for all diseases,treating typhoid fever as well as miscellaneous diseases;the diag-nosis and treatment of epidemic diseases emphasizes the treatment of febrile disease and underestimates typhoid fever,but in fact,cold and warmth are closely related;classical research can learn from the thinking of western medicine,and the treatment of diseases must be based on Chinese medicine.At present,the application of classic prescriptions focuses on prescriptions and neglects theory and methods,and there is an urgent need to build a standardized system to provide ideas for clinical research on Chinese medicine classics.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in CD4⁺T lymphocyte (CD4 cells) levels and influencing factors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) before and after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Xining City, Qinghai Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating corresponding follow-up intervention strategies. MethodsFrom February to July, 2023, 468 HIV/AIDS patients who received HAART in Xining, Qinghai Province were selected using a convenient sampling method for a questionnaire survey. Venous blood was collected and CD4 cell levels were detected by flow cytometry. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test, analysis of variance and χ²⁃test, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the level of CD4 cells and its main influencing factors in HIV/AIDS population after HAART. ResultsUnivariate analysis showed significant differences in baseline CD4 cell levels among people of different ages, nationalities, residential types and annual income (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the most recent CD4 cell levels among people of different nationalities, different marital statuses, with or without regular physical exercise, with or without hypertension, different baseline CD4 cell count, different years since HIV diagnosis, different years of HAART treatment, and different treatment programs (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the baseline CD4 cell count was 350‒499 (t=7.40) and ≥500 (t=6.69), the number of years of HAART treatment was 5‒9 (t=3.59) and ≥10 (t=4.54), the number of years of HIV diagnosis was ≥10 (t=-2.58), the number of people receiving second-line treatment (t=-2.49) and the latest CD4 cell levels after HAART were statistically correlated (P<0.05). ConclusionThe CD4 cell levels of HIV/AIDS population in Xining city of Qinghai Province are affected by many factors. Comprehensive health intervention should be carried out for this population, the implementation of early detection and treatment strategy should be strengthened, relevant physiological and biochemical indicators should be monitored regularly, and health education should be carried out, so as to encourage this population group to choose a healthy lifestyle, improving their quality of life from multiple dimensions.

Objective:To systematic review the efficacy and safety of external application of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of breast cancer related lymphedema.Methods:CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, Sino-Med, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science were searched for related randomized controlled trials, the retrieval time was from inception to May 25, 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 software.Results:A total of 16 studies involving 1 315 patients with breast cancer related lymphedema were included, and the methodological quality of the included studies was not high. Compared with conventional treatment, external application of traditional Chinese medicine combined with conventional treatment had advantages in improving the total efficiency( P<0.01) and quality of life( P<0.01), reducing pain( P<0.01) and improving upper limb function( P<0.01), without obvious adverse reactions( P>0.05), but there was no improvement in depression( P>0.05). Compared with conventional treatment, external application of traditional Chinese medicine could improve the total efficiency( P<0.01). Compared with placebo sticker combined with conventional treatment, external application of traditional Chinese medicine combined with conventional treatment can reduce circumference( P<0.05) and reduce pain( P<0.01), without obvious adverse reactions( P>0.05). Conclusions:Available evidence suggests that external application of traditional Chinese medicine may be a potential treatment method for breast cancer related lymphedema. Due to the poor methodological quality of the included studies, high-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ear holographic tongbian scraping on the constitution, related symptoms and immune function of the population with Qi-deficiency.Methods:From April 2020 to June 2020, 80 subjects judged as Qi-deficiency by the "Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution test" in Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were recruited offline and online. They were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. On the basis of online health education, the control group received online health education, while the experimental group was given ear holographic tongbian scraping, once a week, 4 times as a course of treatment, a total of 3 courses. Related symptom scores, Qi-deficiency transformation scores, peripheral blood CD4 + proportion, CD8 + proportion, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were compared between two groups. Results:Totally 38 cases were included in experimental group and 34 cases in control group. After intervention, symptom scores of fatigue, shortness of breath, easy to catch a cold, laziness to speak, low voice and Qi-deficiency transformation scores were 3.26 ± 0.76, 2.92 ± 0.82, 3.08 ± 0.82, 2.66 ± 0.97, 2.71 ± 0.80, 46.16 ± 17.96 in experimental group and 4.12 ± 0.41, 3.76 ± 0.55, 3.50 ± 0.56, 3.65 ± 0.65, 3.18 ± 0.67, 56.88 ± 10.80 in control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -6.02 - -2.51, all P<0.05). Peripheral blood test results also showed that the proportion of CD8 + was 24.76(19.92, 28.23)% in experimental group and 27.19(24.39, 31.57)% in control group, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.25, P<0.05). Conclusions:Ear holographic tongbian scraping can regulate the Qi-deficiency constitution and improve the immune function of people with Qi-deficiency.

Objective:To explore the development status and research hotspots of international mobile medical application, so as to provide references for domestic research on mobile medical applications.Methods:We systematically searched English documents included in the Web of Science core database from 2009 to 2019, and the document type was the article. CiteSpace (V.5.6.R2 version) software was used to visually analyze research institutions, source journals, cited documents and keywords of international mobile medical applications.Results:A total of 4 705 documents were included. Research on international mobile medical applications continued to increase. The institution and journal with the most publications were the University of Washington and JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth respectively. Through the keyword co-occurrence clustering of related literature, four research hotspots were obtained: the feasibility study of mobile medical applications, the intervention research of mobile medical applications, disease management and self-care, and the evaluation of mobile medical applications. Conclusions:In order to promote the development of mobile medical application in China, it is recommended that future researchers should pay attention to the research result of international authoritative institutions and journals in a timely manner, learn from the knowledge base of international mobile medical application research, and explore the road of application development in line with my country's national conditions.At the same time, it is necessary to standardize the design of research programs, carry out high-quality intervention research, and build my country's mobile medical application evaluation system as soon as possible.

This paper reviews the literature about the common complications, evaluation tools and intervention measures of free flap repair for tongue cancer patients at home and abroad, summarizes the current research status, and points out that the nursing plan of free flap repair for tongue cancer patients needs to be further standardized, and needs to carry out evidence-based clinical research.

Objective:To systematically evaluate effects of auricular acupoint pressing on improving perimenopausal insomnia.Methods:The randomized controlled trials of auricular plaster therapy to improve perimenopausal insomnia was searched by computer in domestic and foreign databases, and the search time was from the establishment of each database to October 25, 2018. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included literature and RevMan 5.3 analysis software was used for data analysis.Results:A total of 6 Chinese literatures were included. Meta-analysis results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score reduction by auricular acupoint pressing compared with estazolam ( WMD=-0.06, 95% CI: -0.96-0.84, P=0.90) .Auricular acupoint pressing was better than Anshen Buxin capsule in reducing PSQI score ( WMD=-5.16, 95% CI: -7.37--2.95, P<0.000 01) . Auricular acupoint pressing could effectively improve perimenopausal insomnia, and the difference was statistically significant ( RR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.31, P=0.000 4) . Auricular acupoint pressing with beans combined with oral modified Huanglian Ejiao Decoction was better than oral modified Huanglian Ejiao Decoction alone in reducing Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) scores ( WMD=-2.60, 95% CI: -4.42--0.78, P=0.005) . Compared with modified Chaihu Guizhi Longgu Muli Decoction treatment, auricular acupoint pressing combined with modified Chaihu Guizhi Longgu Muli Decoction could effectively reduce the modified Kupperman score ( WMD=-4.07, 95% CI: -6.36--1.78, P=0.000 5) . In terms of reducing the scores of the social support scale, there was no statistically significant difference between the auricular acupoint pressing with beans and estazolam ( WMD=-0.16, 95% CI: -1.26-0.94, P=0.78) . Conclusions:Auricular acupoint pressing has advantages in improving the total effective rate, reducing PSQI score and AIS score and improving Kupperman score. Limited by the quantity and quality of the included literatures, more large-sample high-quality studies with long-term follow-ups are needed for verification.

Recently, probiotics are more and more used in low birth weight infants, we reviewed the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in low-birth-weight infants from the aspects of intestinal flora characteristics, promoting growth and development, prevention and treatment of related diseases, economic safety, and nursing countermeasures.

Objective: To investigate the expression and function of the TNF signaling pathway in the early stage of orthodontic tooth movement with periodontitis and to provide evidence to study the early inflammatory response in patients with periodontitis orthodontic treatment. Methods: Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A--12 h of orthodontic tooth movement of the bilateral maxillary first molars in rats with periodontitis; group B--periodontitis model of the bilateral maxillary first molars without orthodontic tooth movement; group C--12 h of orthodontic tooth movement of the same teeth in rats with healthy periodontium; group D--control group without operations. The bilateral maxillary first molars and surrounding periodontal tissue of each group were collected for gene chip detection. Pathway enrichment analysis, qRT-PCR and GO (gene ontology) analysis were performed to identify differential genes involved in the TNF signaling pathway. Results : Gene chip results showed that the TNF signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in group A, group B and group C (P <0.01). Among the differential genes involved in the pathway, 28 were upregulated and 5 were downregulated in group A, 12 were upregulated and 4 were downregulated in group B, and 12 were upregulated and 1 was downregulated in group C (P <0.05). The most significant GO items included "response to lipopolysaccharide", "inflammatory response", "positive regulation of NF-κB transcription factor activity", "positive regulation of NF-κB import into nucleus" and "response to hypoxia"(P <0.001). qRT-PCR results showed no significant difference in TNF-α mRNA expression in group C compared with that in group D, TNF-α was upregulated in both groups A and B (P <0.01), and mRNA expression decreased in the following order: group A > group B > group C (P <0.05). Compared with group D, the expression levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6) in groups A, B and C were significantly upregulated (P <0.05), but the expression levels of PTGS2 and IL-6 in group A were lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion The TNF signaling pathway is activated in the early stage of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with periodontitis. The pathway products participate in many biological processes and play an important role in the inflammatory response and bone absorption.