Objective:To study the role of special microbial communities in the development of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes melli-tus(T2DM)patients.Methods:40 subjects aged 20-70 years were included and divided into 3 groups:moderate to severe periodon-titis with T2DM(SP.T2DM,n=15),moderate to severe periodontitis group(SP,n=15)and normal healthy group(N,n=10).The basic information,periodontal clinical indicators and blood sugar of the subjects were recorded.Subgingival plaque samples were col-lected,DNA samples of the plaque were extracted,and sequenced by Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform.The microbial diversity,eco-logical characteristics and functions of the plaque were analyzed by Uparse,SPSS and other softwares.Results:481 species in 22 phyla,30 classes,73 orders,129 families and 265 genera were obtained from the samples.Beta polymorphism analysis showed that the species composition of CP.T2DM group and CP group was similar.Alpha polymorphism analysis showed that the species richness and evenness in CP.T2DM group and CP group were higher than those in N group(P＜0.01).Venn diagram analysis showed that the species richness of the plaque in CP.T2DM group was the highest,followed by CP group and the lowest in N group.At the genus lev-el,Klebsiella and Bifidobacterium in CP.T2DM group were larger than those in CP group and N group(P＜0.05),and between group CP and N,P＞0.05.At the species level,the Capnocytophaga leadbetteri in CP.T2DM group was higher than that in CP group and N group(P＜0.05),between group CP and N,P＞0.05;There were some differences in the microbial community structure of subgingival plaque among the 3 groups.The species richness of subgingival flora in patients with CP and T2DM was higher than that in patients with CP and healthy people.Conclusion:The increase of Klebsiella,Bifidobacterium and Capnocytophaga leadbetter in subgingival flora of patients with moderate and severe periodontitis may be related to the development of T2DM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） in the Qidong Chronic Hepatitis B cohort， and to construct a nomogram model for predicting the risk of liver cancer in CHB patients. MethodsA structured questionnaire survey was conducted among the CHB patients， aged ≥18 years， who attended the outpatient service of Qidong Third People’s Hospital from January 1 to December 31， 2016. The onset of liver cancer was defined as the primary outcome， and the outcomes of the cohort were obtained from Qidong Cancer Registry. Baseline clinical features were compared ；between the liver cancer group and the non-liver cancer group. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for liver cancer in CHB patients and calculate their hazard ratio （HR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）； the variables with statistical significance in the univariate Cox regression analysis were included in the LASSO regression analysis， and then the variables obtained were included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis to establish a predictive model. The nomogram was used to visualize the complex model. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， index of concordance （C-index）， and the calibration curve were used to assess the predictive efficacy of the model， and the decision curve was used to evaluate the clinical practicability of the nomogram. ResultsA total of 1 479 CHB patients were selected， among whom 58 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of liver cancer， 15 with missing data on testing indicators， and 164 with missing data on important information in the questionnaire were excluded， and finally 1 242 subjects were included in the study. Up to December 31， 2023， there were 67 new cases of liver cancer after a median follow-up time of 7.71 years， and the incidence density of liver cancer was 729.78/100，000 person-years. There were significant differences between the liver cancer group and the non-liver cancer group in age， sex， educational level， liver cirrhosis， duration of liver cirrhosis， history of diabetes mellitus， albumin， total bilirubin （TBil）， direct bilirubin， aspartate aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， and alkaline phosphatase （all P<0.05）. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the increase in age （HR=1.07， 95%CI： 1.05‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.10， P<0.001）， a relatively high level of TBil （HR=1.98， 95%CI： 1.15‍ ‍—‍ ‍3.42， P=0.014）， a relatively high level of GGT （HR=2.41， 95%CI： 1.43‍ ‍—‍ ‍4.08， P=0.001）， and a long duration of liver cirrhosis （HR=1.09， 95%CI： 1.02‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.15， P=0.009） were independent risk factors for liver cancer in CHB patients. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the above four indicators， with an area under the ROC curve of 0.790， 0.845， and 0.829， respectively， in predicting the risk of liver cancer in CHB patients at 1， 3， and 5 years， and the bootstrap resampling method was used for internal validation and showed a C-index of 0. 778. The calibration curve showed that the prediction model had good stability， and the decision curve showed that it had certain clinical practicability. ConclusionThe increase in age， relatively high levels of TBil and GGT， and a long duration of liver cirrhosis are independent risk factors for liver cancer in CHB patients， and the nomogram model constructed based on these factors has a good predictive value and can be used in clinical practice to help develop strategies for the long-term monitoring of liver cancer.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease caused by many factors including colonic inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis.Previous studies have indicated that celastrol(CSR)has strong anti-inflammatory and immune-inhibitory effects.Here,we investigated the effects of CSR on colonic inflammation and mucosal immunity in an experimental colitis model,and addressed the mechanism by which CSR exerts the protective effects.We characterized the ther-apeutic effects and the potential mechanism of CSR on treating UC using histological staining,intestinal permeability assay,cytokine assay,flow cytometry,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),16S rRNA sequencing,untargeted metabolomics,and cell differentiation.CSR administra-tion significantly ameliorated the dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis in mice,which was evidenced by the recovered body weight and colon length as well as the decreased disease activity index(DAI)score and intestinal permeability.Meanwhile,CSR down-regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators at both mRNA and protein levels,and improved the balances of Treg/Thl and Treg/Th1 7 to maintain the colonic immune homeostasis.Notably,all the therapeutic effects were exerted in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.Furthermore,CSR treatment increased the gut microbiota diversity and changed the compositions of the gut microbiota and metabolites,which is probably associated with the gut microbiota-mediated protective effects.In conclusion,this study provides the strong evidence that CSR may be a promising therapeutic drug for UC.

Objective:To explore the research hotspots and frontiers of heart failure nursing in the past 10 years in the Web of Science database.Methods:The studies on heart failure nursing included in the Web of Science database from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 were eligible for the study. The CiteSpace visualization software was used to analyze the included articles to determine the development context and research hotspots of heart failure nursing.Results:A total of 1 949 articles were included. In the past 10 years, the number of articles published in the field of heart failure nursing maintained an upward trend year by year. The United States had the most publications, highest importance and centrality of heart failure nursing. In the past 10 years, the research hotspots of heart failure nursing focused on the quality of life, self-care and palliative care in patients with heart failure. Research frontiers focused on readmissions of heart failure patients, symptom clusters, and caregivers.Conclusions:Heart failure nursing developed rapidly. Research efforts should be further intensified, the areas of cooperation should be broadened, and research hotspots and frontiers of heart failure nursing should be focused, so as to promote the development of heart failure nursing research in China.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.

At the end of December 2019, acute respiratory infectious diseases caused by a new type of coronavirus were prevalent in Wuhan and other cities of China. Different from radiology examinations, the protocols of nuclear medical imaging examinations are complicated, in which more workplaces and staff are needed, resulting more complex management of patients and higher protection requirements. Combined with the characteristics of SPECT and PET imaging procedures, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the protective process of imaging examinations for patients with confirmed or suspected noval coronavirus infec- tion. The main purpose is to protect medical staff from virus infection, effectively reduce the risk of virus transmission during the examination process, and ensure the medical quality and safety.

At the end of December 2019, acute respiratory infectious diseases caused by a new type of coronavirus were prevalent in Wuhan and other cities of China. Different from radiology examinations, the protocols of nuclear medical imaging examinations are complicated, in which more workplaces and staff are needed, resulting more complex management of patients and higher protection requirements. Combined with the characteristics of SPECT and PET imaging procedures, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the protective process of imaging examinations for patients with confirmed or suspected novel coronavirus infection. The main purpose is to protect medical staff from virus infection, effectively reduce the risk of virus transmission during the examination process, and ensure the medical quality and safety.

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating glial cells that form myelin sheaths around axons to ensure rapid and focal conduction of action potentials. Here, we found that an axonal outgrowth regulatory molecule, AATYK (apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase), was up-regulated with OL differentiation and remyelination. We therefore studied its role in OL differentiation. The results showed that AATYK knockdown inhibited OL differentiation and the expression of myelin genes in vitro. Moreover, AATYK-deficiency maintained the proliferation status of OLs but did not affect their survival. Thus, AATYK is essential for the differentiation of OLs.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Cuprizone ; toxicity ; Demyelinating Diseases ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; genetics ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myelin Basic Protein ; metabolism ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein ; metabolism ; Myelin Sheath ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oligodendroglia ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley