ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis extract （ASH） in treating Parkinson's disease （PD） in mice by Data-Independent Acquisition （DIA） proteomics. MethodsThe α-Synuclein （α-Syn） transgenic PD mice were selected as suitable models for PD， and they were randomly assigned into PD， ASH （61.25 mg·kg^-1）， and Madopar （97.5 mg·kg^-1） groups. Male C57BL/6 mice of the same age were selected as the control group， with eight mice in each group. Mice were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for 20 days. The pole climbing time and the number of autonomic activities were recorded to evaluate the exercise ability of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe neuronal changes in the substantia nigra of PD mice. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to measure the tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） activity in the substantia nigra and assess the areal density of α-Syn in the striatum. DIA proteomics was used to compare protein expression in the substantia nigra between groups. IHC was utilized to validate key differentially expressed proteins， including Lactotransferrin， Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to investigate the effect of ASH on the viability of PD cells with overexpression of α-Syn. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of Lactotransferrin， Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 in PD cells. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed prolonged pole climbing time， diminished coordination ability， reduced autonomic activities （P<0.01）， and reduced swelling neurons. Compared with the model group， ASH and Madopar reduced the climbing time， increased autonomic activities （P<0.01）， and ameliorated neuronal damage. Compared with the control group， the model group showed a decrease in TH activity in the substantia nigra and an increase in α-Syn accumulation in the striatum （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the ASH group showed an increase in TH activity and a reduction in α-Syn accumulation （P<0.05）. DIA proteomics revealed a total of 464 differentially expressed proteins in the model group compared with the control group， with 323 proteins being up-regulated and 141 down-regulated. A total of 262 differentially expressed proteins were screened in the ASH group compared with the model group， including 85 proteins being up-regulated and 177 down-regulated. Kyoto encylopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis indicated that ASH primarily regulated the Notch signaling pathway. The model group showed up-regulation in protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 and down-regulation in the protein level of Lactotransferrin compared with the control group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， ASH down-regulated the protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.05） while up-regulating the protein level of Lactotransferrin （P<0.01）. The IHC results corroborated the proteomics findings. The cell experiment results showed that compared with the control group， the modeling up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.01）， while down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of Lactotransferrin （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， ASH reduced the mRNA and protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.01）， while increasing the mRNA and protein levels of Lactotransferrin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionASH may Synergistically inhibit the Notch signaling pathway and mitigate neuronal damage by down-regulating the expression of Notch2 and Ndrg2. Additionally， by up-regulating the expression of Lactotransferrin and down-regulating the expression of TMEM166， ASH can address brain iron accumulation， intervene in ferroptosis， inhibit mitophagy， and mitigate reactive oxygen species damage， thereby protecting nerve cells and contributing to the treatment of PD.

Objective:To explore the surgical technique and results of three-dimensional aortic valve anatomic repair for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with aortic regurgitation (AR).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. From August 2021 to December 2023, 130 consecutive patients with BAV-AR underwent aortic valve anatomic repair at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,and the data were retrospectively analyzed. There were 115 males and 15 females, aged (38.6±11.7) years (range: 15 to 67 years). All patients received modified aortic root reconstruction, to do three-dimensional root remodeling, including the basal ring, sinus of Valsalva and sino-tubular junction simultaneously. Perioperative and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed using independent samples t-test, Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test, or χ2 test. Results:No patient transferred to valve replacement during the operation. The cardiopulmonary bypass time ( M(IQR)) was 109(34) minutes (range:67 to 247 minutes), and the aortic cross-clamp time was 76(26) minutes (range: 32 to 158 minutes). Preoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed 123 patients (94.6%) presented with moderate or severe regurgitation. Immediately postoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed no regurgitation in 22 patients (16.9%), trace regurgitation in 81 patients (62.3%) and mild regurgitation in 27 patients (20.8%). Follow up was completed in all patients, with a follow-up of 5.5(9.4) months (range: 0.1 to 27.6 months). No mortality was observed during follow-up. Echocardiography was obtained in 112 patients at the latest follow-up, including no regurgitation in 4 patients (3.6%), trace regurgitation in 58 patients (51.8%), mild regurgitation in 45 patients (40.2%), moderate regurgitation in 4 patients (3.6%), and severe regurgitation in 1 patient (0.9%). Conclusion:For patients with BAV-AR who have good valve quality and no severe aortic sinus dilation, the recent outcomes of three-dimensional anatomical repair technique, focusing on overall remodeling of the aortic root, are satisfactory.

Objective:To explore the surgical technique and results of three-dimensional aortic valve anatomic repair for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with aortic regurgitation (AR).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. From August 2021 to December 2023, 130 consecutive patients with BAV-AR underwent aortic valve anatomic repair at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,and the data were retrospectively analyzed. There were 115 males and 15 females, aged (38.6±11.7) years (range: 15 to 67 years). All patients received modified aortic root reconstruction, to do three-dimensional root remodeling, including the basal ring, sinus of Valsalva and sino-tubular junction simultaneously. Perioperative and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed using independent samples t-test, Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test, or χ2 test. Results:No patient transferred to valve replacement during the operation. The cardiopulmonary bypass time ( M(IQR)) was 109(34) minutes (range:67 to 247 minutes), and the aortic cross-clamp time was 76(26) minutes (range: 32 to 158 minutes). Preoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed 123 patients (94.6%) presented with moderate or severe regurgitation. Immediately postoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed no regurgitation in 22 patients (16.9%), trace regurgitation in 81 patients (62.3%) and mild regurgitation in 27 patients (20.8%). Follow up was completed in all patients, with a follow-up of 5.5(9.4) months (range: 0.1 to 27.6 months). No mortality was observed during follow-up. Echocardiography was obtained in 112 patients at the latest follow-up, including no regurgitation in 4 patients (3.6%), trace regurgitation in 58 patients (51.8%), mild regurgitation in 45 patients (40.2%), moderate regurgitation in 4 patients (3.6%), and severe regurgitation in 1 patient (0.9%). Conclusion:For patients with BAV-AR who have good valve quality and no severe aortic sinus dilation, the recent outcomes of three-dimensional anatomical repair technique, focusing on overall remodeling of the aortic root, are satisfactory.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional level of residents in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province, and provide basis for making policy of targeted guidance and rational iodine supplementation.Methods:In the 156 counties of Henan Province in 2020, one township was selected from each location (east, west, south, north and middle) in each county; one school was selected from each township; 40 children aged 8-10 years in the school and 20 pregnant women in the township were selected to collect their urine and salt samples to test urine and salt iodine levels. One third of the counties were selected to examine the thyroid gland of children. Individuals lived in villages with water iodine between 40 and 100 μg/L were included in the study.Results:In iodine adequate areas, a total of 2 097 salt samples were collected from children and tested, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.6% (1 962/2 097). A total of 2 096 urine samples were collected from children and tested, and the median urinary iodine was 288.0 μg/L. The goiter rate of children was 0.7% (5/723). A total of 1 068 salt samples from pregnant women were tested, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.0% (993/1 068). A total of 1 068 urine samples from pregnant women were tested, with a median urinary iodine 232.7 μg/L. Stratified by water iodine (40-59, 60-79, 80-100 μg/L), the median urinary iodine of children was 273.8, 288.6, and 305.9 μg/L, respectively, statistically significantly different between groups ( H = 15.79, P < 0.001); the goiter rate of children was ≤2%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 7.31, P = 0.026); but the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was not significantly different ( H = 1.82, P = 0.402). Under different water iodine conditions, there was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels in children and pregnant women between the high salt iodine concentration group (≥21 mg/kg) and the low salt iodine concentration group (< 21 mg/kg, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of children in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province is relatively high, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is appropriate. The goiter rate of children is at a relatively low level. Continuous surveillance should be conducted to comprehensively evaluate the iodine nutrition level. Various measures will be taken by regions and populations.

Objective:To learn about the progress of prevention and control of drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning in Henan Province, and provide scientific basis for achieving the goal of eliminating high arsenic hazards as scheduled.Methods:From July to August 2019, in accordance with the requirements of the National Monitoring Program for Drinking-water-borne Endemic Arsenic Poisoning, a general survey was carried out in 26 high-arsenic villages in 6 counties of Henan Province to investigate the water improvement situation and the operation of water improvement projects, and the arsenic content in drinking water of households was measured, meanwhile, the arsenic poisoning status of permanent residents in high-arsenic villages was investigated.Results:All 26 villages with high arsenic content in the province had undergone water improvement, with a water improvement rate of 100.00%. A total of 18 water improvement projects were investigated in 26 high-arsenic villages, all of which were operating normally. Twenty-six water samples were collected, and the arsenic content in the household water was < 0.01 mg/L, which met the sanitary standards for drinking water. No patient of endemic arsenic poisoning was found during the survey.Conclusion:In Henan Province, the drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning has been effectively controlled, and the prevention and control achievements should continue to be consolidated in the future.

Objective:To investigate the epidemic situation of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province, evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures, and provide a basis for formulating further prevention and control policies.Methods:From April to November 2021, a census of all diseased villages registered in 112 drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis counties (cities, districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) of 17 provincial-level cities and 9 provincial-level counties (cities) in Henan Province was conducted to collect the basic information of diseased counties and villages. The content of fluoride in drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 - 12 years old were measured on a village by village basis.Results:By the end of 2021, drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis was prevalent in 112 diseased counties in Henan Province, involving 17 450 diseased villages. Among them, 17 433 villages had implemented measures to reduce fluoride and improve water quality, with a water improvement rate of 99.90% (17 433/17 450). There were 14 920 villages with qualified water, and the qualified rate of water fluoride was 85.50% (14 920/17 450). There were a total of 4 232 water improvement projects in all diseased villages, with a normal operation rate of 97.09% (4 109/4 232) and a qualified rate of 93.03% (3 937/4 232) for water fluoride in the projects. The total detection rate of dental fluorosis in children in the province was 9.64% (39 391/408 584), with moderate to severe dental fluorosis accounted for 8.08% (3 182/39 391), the dental fluorosis index was 0.18. The prevalence of fluorosis was negative.Conclusions:In 2021, the prevalence of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis is widespread in Henan Province, and measures to reduce fluoride and improve water quality in diseased villages have been basically implemented. However, the fluoride content of water in some villages still does not meet the standard, and some water improvement projects cannot operate normally throughout the year. In the future, it is necessary to address the above issues one by one and consolidate the achievements in prevention and control of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis.

Objective:To evaluate the outcomes of aortic root repair in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) with aortic sinus involvement.Methods:The clinical data of patients with ATAAD involving the aortic sinus and an aortic root diameter of ≤45 mm who were treated from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2016, were collected. Patients were divided into group A (involvement of one aortic sinus or part of one aortic sinus) and group B (involvement of more than one aortic sinus). The effectiveness of aortic root repair in ATAAD with sinus involvement was analyzed by comparing the preoperative imaging characteristics and postoperative results between the two groups.Results:The study cohort comprised 155 patients, including 100 patients in group A and 55 in group B. There were no differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics, aortic root diameter, 30-day mortality, and complication rates. During an average follow-up of(49.1±14.6) months, there was no difference between the two groups in the survival rate (92.0% vs. 89.5%, P=0.61). The aortic root diameter at follow-up showed no progressive expansion compared with preoperatively in either of the two groups[(38.1±3.6) mm vs. (37.9±3.5)mm, P=0.92, A; (38.4±4.1) mm vs. (38.3±3.6) mm, P=0.74, B]; furthermore, there was no difference between the two groups in aggravation of aortic regurgitation. Conclusion:Aortic root repair achieves satisfactory medium-term outcomes in ATAAD with more than one aortic sinus involved, but the long-term outcomes need to be evaluated.

Objective:To master the provincial-level quality assessment of the self-inspection projects for control and evaluation of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in the counties (cities, districts) of Henan Province, so as to ensure the quality of self-inspection.Methods:Totally 30 counties (cities, districts) with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province were selected as project counties (cities, districts), using consulting and checking data, on-site investigation and review, the implementation of self-inspection projects were audited. The water improvement and the water fluorine content, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 were investigated in villages with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis, and the provincial-level quality assessment of the self-inspection projects was carried out.Results:A total of 99 villages with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in 30 counties (cities, districts) were investigated, and all 30 counties (cities, districts) completed the investigation task of self-inspection projects. A total of 99 water samples were collected, and there were 23 counties (cities, districts) with the same results of county (city, district) self-inspection and provincial-level review of water fluorine, accounting for 76.67%; a total of 5 815 children aged 8-12 were investigated, there were 18 counties (cities, districts) with the same results of county (city, district) self-inspection and provincial-level review of dental fluorosis detection rate, accounting for 60.00%.Conclusions:The self-inspection projects of control and evaluation of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis at the county (city, district) level in Henan Province are completed well. Most of the self-inspection projects are consistent with the provincial-level review results, but the disease diagnosis ability of grass-roots professional personnel and the detection technical level of laboratory technician in some counties (cities, districts) need to be improved.

The minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery developed rapidly in last decades. In order to promote the development of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery in China, the Chinese Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Committee (CMICS) has gradually standardized the collection and report of the data of Chinese minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery since its establishment. The total operation volume of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery in China has achieved substantial growth with a remarkable popularization of concepts of minimally invasive medicine in 2019. The data of Chinese minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery in 2019 was reported as a paper for the first time, which may provide reference to cardiovascular surgeons and related professionals.

Objective:To understand the status of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for improving prevention and control strategies.Methods:Ten counties (districts, referred to as counties) were selected from drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Henan Province in 2018. Three villages in each project county were selected according to the disease status of mild, moderate and severe conditions, and the operation status of water improvement projects, water fluoride content and dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years in each diseased village were monitored.Results:Totally 30 villages were surveyed, all of which were in the water improvement projects; a total of 25 water improvement projects were monitored, all of them were in normal operation, and the water fluoride exceeding standard rate was 28.00% (7/25), the qualified rate of water fluoride in the water improvement projects was 72.00% (18/25). Among them, 21 villages were in normal operation and the water fluoride in the water improvement projects met national standard. In which the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 36.71% (606/1 651), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.74, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. Water fluoride of water improvement projects in 9 villages exceeded the national standard, where the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 43.57% (261/599), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.78, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects exceeded the national standard was higher than that in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects met the national standard (χ 2=8.752, P < 0.01). Conclusions:The excessive fluorine content in the water of water improvement projects is still serious, and the epidemic is still severe. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific demonstration of the water improvement project construction and the project acceptance upon completion, so as to prevent unqualified projects from being put into use. We will carry out regular water quality monitoring and promptly rectify projects with water quality exceeding the standards.