BACKGROUND:Currently,hormone replacement therapy is the main treatment in Western medicine for patients with decreased ovarian function,but these patients are not sensitive to exogenous hormones,leading to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect.Zishen-Yutai pills can nourish the blood and calm the fetus,tonify the kidney and spleen,invigorate qi and strengthen the body.Studies have confirmed that Zishen-Yutai pill is effective in reducing follicle-stimulating hormone index and improving traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in patients with diminished ovarian reserve.However,few studies have been conducted to improve the implantation rate of patients by improving endometrial receptivity. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of Zishen-Yutai pills on the clinical outcome of patients with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer again. METHODS:A total of 300 patients with diminished ovarian reserve who underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer to assist pregnancy after the first failure in the Center of Reproductive Medicine,Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects.Subjects were randomly treated with a placebo or Zishen-Yutai pills in a ratio of 1:2,with 100 cases in the treatment group and 200 cases in the control group.However,13 patients fell off due to lack of contact,refusal to take medicine or other reasons.Finally,90 cases in the treatment group and 197 cases in the control group were included in the study.Oral medication was administered 7 days before frozen-thawed embryo transfer transplantation at a dose of 5 g/time,3 times/day.To investigate whether taking Zishen-Yutai pills could improve the clinical outcome of patients with diminished ovarian reserve after frozen-thawed embryo transfer again,the primary outcome measures included clinical pregnancy rate,implantation rate,abortion rate,live birth rate,offspring birth weight and birth defects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the clinical pregnancy rate(P<0.05)and implantation rate(P=0.009)were significantly increased after the oral administration of Zishen-Yutai pills.Correlation analysis showed that taking the Zishen-Yutai pill was positively correlated with the number of implanted embryos(r=0.200,P=0.001)and clinical pregnancy(r=0.235,P=0.000).There was no correlation between taking Zishen-Yutai pills and indexes of endometrial thickness and blood flow.It is indicated that Zishen-Yutai pills can improve the clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate of frozen-thawed embryo transfer recurrence in patients with diminished ovarian reserve.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in some regions of China. Methods Serum samples were collected from 3 131 patients with chronic HBV infection in 10 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of China from March 2021 to June 2022, and anti-HDV IgG ELISA was used for the detection of all serum samples. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) was used to detect HDV RNA in anti-HDV IgG-positive samples, and the nRT-PCR amplification products of HDV RNA-positive samples were sequenced and analyzed to determine HDV genotype. The clinical features of anti-HDV IgG-positive patients were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results The positive rate of anti-HDV IgG in the 3 131 patients with chronic HBV infection was 0.70% (22/3 131), and that in the patients with chronic HBV infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing, and Hunan Province was 1.81% (16/886), 0.88% (2/226), 0.28% (2/708), and 1.00% (2/200), respectively; the patients with chronic HBV infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had a significantly higher positive rate of anti-HDV IgG than those in Beijing ( P =0.004), and there was no significant difference between the other regions ( P > 0.05). Clinical features of the patients with chronic HBV infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region showed that compared with the anti-HDV IgG-negative group, the anti-HDV IgG-positive group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with Mongol nationality ( P =0.001), abnormal alanine aminotransferase ( P =0.007), or antiviral treatment ( P =0.029), as well as a significantly lower median HBV DNA level ( P =0.030). A total of 19 HDV RNA-positive samples were identified, all of which had HDV genotype 1. Conclusion The prevalence rate of HDV varies greatly across different regions of China, with a higher prevalence rate of HDV in patients with chronic HBV infection from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. HDV genotype 1 is the predominant genotype in some provinces and cities of northern China.

Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) are special RNAs that they don't have protein coding function, but they can affect chromosome structure, gene transcription and participate in the processes of epigenetic modifications. ncRNAs include long non-coding RNAs, microRNA, etc. In recent years, it has been found that these ncRNAs can maintain bone remodeling by adjusting bone resorption and formation in osteoporosis(OP). In the future, it may be a key target of the drug action screening which is clarifying the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs in the occurrence and development of OP. OP belongs to bone rheumatism category in traditional Chinese medicine, according to the theory of “the kidney generating marrow and dominating bone” in traditional Chinese medicine, kidney tonifying and bone strengthening formulas are used to treat the OP in clinic, and the curative effect is remarkable. It has been found that kidney tonifying and bone strengthening prescriptions can enhance the proliferation of osteoblasts or inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts by up-regulating or down-regulating the expression of ncRNA, and finally maintain OP bone homeostasis, thus exerting therapeutic effect. However, the specific molecular mechanism is still in its exploratory stage. Therefore, this paper summarized the molecular mechanism of kidney tonifying and bone strengthening prescriptions regulating ncRNAs in the treatment of OP in recent years, in order to provide the new ideas for the screening of the key therapeutic targets of OP drugs and the prevention and treatment of OP with traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County， Yunnan Province， so as to provide basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control measures. MethodsThe data of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County， Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021 in the national "foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system" were collected. The time， population， region， place， pathogenic factors and inducing links of the events were statistically analyzed. ResultsFrom 2017 to 2021， a total of 68 incidents were reported， including 526 cases and 5 deaths. The total incidence rate was 23.40% and the case fatality rate was 0.95%. The peak period was from May to July， with the largest number of reported events in July. The reporting areas were mainly Mengla Town （35.29%）， Guanlei Town （11.76%） and Mengpeng Town （10.29%）. The main place of the incident was family （76.47%）. The main pathogenic factors were plant toxins （79.41%）， mainly through the ingestion of wild mushrooms （68.52%）， improper processing of green beans （12.96%） and aconitum （9.26%）. ConclusionAccording to the epidemiological characteristics of Mengla County， we should focus on the public education of health knowledge in key areas and places， especially on the identification of wild mushrooms， to prevent accidental eating. At the same time， we should strengthen the monitoring and risk assessment of foodborne diseases， find potential risks as soon as possible， issue early warning and forecast in time， and constantly improve the clinical treatment ability of poisoned patients.

The total number of cancer patients who are eligible for and will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in China has not been quantified. This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the number of Chinese cancer patients with eligibility and response to ICIs based on the 2015 Chinese cancer statistics and the immune checkpoint inhibitor clinical practice guideline of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology. A total of 11 ICIs were recommended for 17 cancer types. The estimated number of eligible patients annually was 1 290 156 (55.18%), which included 888 738 males (60.05%) and 400 468 females (46.67%). The estimated number of responders annually was 448 972 (19.20%), which included 309 023 males (20.88%) and 139 764 females (16.29%). Gastric cancer (n=291 000, 12.45%), non-small-cell lung cancer (n=289 629, 12.39%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n=277 100, 11.85%) were the top three cancer types with the highest number of eligible patients. Non-small-cell lung cancer (n=180 022, 7.70%), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=75 648, 3.24%), and small-cell lung cancer (n=64 362, 2.75%) were the top three cancer types with the highest number of responders. In conclusion, ICIs provide considerable benefit in Chinese cancer patients under optimal estimation.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Liver Neoplasms

Objective:To investigate the genotypic and hematological characteristics of β-thalassemia patients and carriers from Henan Province of China.Methods:Clinical data of the patients and carriers were collected. Results of routine blood test, hemoglobin electrophoresis and genetic testing were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of the 83 β-thalassemia patients and carriers, there were 46 females and 37 males, and their mean age was 27.37 ± 14.71, ranging from 5 months to 83 years. A total of 13 types of β-thalassemia alleles (86 alleles in total) were detected, with the most common three including IVS-Ⅱ-654(C>T) (33.72%), CD41-42(-TTCT) (26.74%) and CD17(A>T) (18.60%). Five rare alleles, including CD8-9(+ G), IVS-Ⅱ-1(G>A), CD42(T>G), and start codons ATG>AGG and ATG>ACG were identified. Among these, HBB: c. 128T>G(CD42T>G) was previously unreported in China. Fifteen β-thalassemia genotypes were detected, which included 12 simple heterozygote genotypes (80 cases, 96.40%), 2 double heterozygote genotypes (2 cases, 2.40%) and 1 homozygote genotype (1 case, 1.20%). The main manifestations were mild microcytic hypochromic anemia and raised HbA2. Compared with those with a β + /β N genotype, carriers with a β 0/β N genotype have lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpusular hemoglobin (MCH) but higher HbA2 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:β-thalassemia is not rare in Henan Province and its characteristics are different from those in high incidence areas, which deserves close attention. The newly discovered HBB: c. 128T>G (CD42T>G) has enriched the spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in China. Above results will also facilitate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia in Henan Province.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are highly heterogeneous, and the management of pNENs patients can be intractable. To address this challenge, an expert committee was established on behalf of the Chinese Pancreatic Surgery Association, Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, which consisted of surgical oncologists, gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. By reviewing the important issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pNENs, the committee concluded evidence-based statements and recommendations in this article, in order to further improve the management of pNENs patients in China.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are highly heterogeneous, and the management of pNENs patients can be intractable. To address this challenge, an expert committee was established on behalf of the Group of Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, which consisted of surgical oncologists, gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. By reviewing the important issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pNENs, the committee concluded evidence-based statements and recommendations in this article, in order to further improve the management of pNENs patients in China.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are highly heterogeneous, and the management of pNENs patients can be intractable. To address this challenge, an expert committee was established on behalf of the Group of Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, which consisted of surgical oncologists, gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. By reviewing the important issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pNENs, the committee concluded evidence-based statements and recommendations in this article, in order to further improve the management of pNENs patients in China.

In the field of medical education, Ethiopia has made a great progress in recent years. After systematical inquiry of Ethiopia's clinical medical education, this paper elaborates the mode of undergraduate teaching in Ethiopia from aspects of curriculum design, emphasis of contents, teaching methods and assessment methods, and also introduces the development and continuing education of Ethiopian medical students after graduation. Moreover, the "Innovative Track" clinical medical education reform proposed by Ethiopia recently is introduced as well. Therefore, characteristics and advantages of clinical teaching in Ethiopia indicate that in the process of deepening the medical education reform in China, we should learn from different countries. In this way, the development of medical education in China can be promoted better and faster.