Objective To investigate the effects of terahertz(THz)radiation on mouse testicular tissue and its potential molecular mechanisms.Methods A total of 125 male C57BL/6J mice(6～8 weeks old)were randomly divided into control group and low-,medium-and high-radiation power groups.The mice of the latter 3 groups were exposed to THz radiation at a frequency of 2.5 T,with an average power density of 38,115,or 318 mW/cm2,for 5 or 10 min.The detection time was immediately or 24 h after exposure.HE staining was used to observe pathological damage.ELISA was employed to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in testicular tissue.RNA-seq was utilized to detect the global changes of gene expression.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened and bioinformatics was used to cluster them.The screened genes were further analyzed with RT-qPCR to determine the time-dependent and dose-dependent relationships of the expression with THz exposure.Finally,sperm quality was evaluated morphologically using a microscope.Results Three doses of THz radiation exposure did not cause significant pathological damages to mouse testicular tissue.TNF-α expression was increased immediately after exposure at average power density of 115 mW/cm2(P＜0.01),and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α were both increased when the dose reached 318 mW/cm2(P＜0.01).However,all the 3 factors returned to normal levels in 24 h after exposure.RNA-seq results showed that THz radiation exposure caused abnormal expression of 56 genes.Cluster analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory responses,enzyme activity,sperm development and capacitation functions.Then for 5 selected key genes,Crisp1,Adam7,Ltf,Rnase9,and Bsph1,the expression of Crisp1 and Rnase9 was decreased immediately after exposure to 115 mW/cm2 THz radiation,the dose of 318 mW/cm2 resulted in obvious changes in the expression of the 5 genes(P＜0.05),and their expression returned to normal levels in 24 h after exposure.Morphological observation displayed that exposure to all the 3 doses of THz had no influence on sperm quality.Conclusion THz radiation exposure causes temporary inflammatory response in testicular tissue and abnormal expression of sperm functions-related genes.However,these changes return to normal 24 h after exposure,and additionally,do not impair sperm quality.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of miR-9 and miR-195-3p for primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC), and the changes in miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels after interventional therapy.Methods:A total of 123 cases of PHC patients and 30 cases of liver cirrhosis patients attending Tangshan People's Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the PHC group and the liver cirrhosis group, respectively, and 50 people who were physically healthy during the same period were selected as the healthy group. Serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The relationship between serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels and clinical-pathological characteristics of PHC patients was analyzed. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of miR-9 and miR-195-3p for PHC. The changes in serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p levels in PHC patients before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were compared.Results:There were statistically significant differences in serum miR-9 (0.99±0.10, 1.31±0.28, 1.68±0.43) and miR-195-3p (0.97±0.10, 0.83±0.22, 0.63±0.18) levels among the healthy group, liver cirrhosis group, and PHC group ( F=69.78, P<0.001; F=74.82, P<0.001), with serum miR-9 levels increased successively and miR-195-3p levels decreased successively among the three groups (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in serum miR-9 ( t=7.45, P<0.001; t=5.32, P<0.001; t=4.96, P<0.001) and miR-195-3p ( t=16.17, P<0.001; t=4.21, P<0.001; t=7.53, P<0.001) levels in PHC patients with different maximum diameters of tumor, clinical stages and degrees of differentiation. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the combined differential diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and PHC by serum miR-9 and miR-195-3p testing was 0.919, which was higher than the AUC for the differential diagnosis of serum miR-9 (AUC: 0.712, Z=4.38, P<0.001) and miR-195-3p (AUC: 0.844, Z=2.04, P=0.042) alone. After TACE treatment, serum miR-9 levels decreased (1.39±0.21 vs. 1.68±0.43, t=14.22, P<0.001) and miR-195-3p levels increased (0.78±0.22 vs. 0.63±0.18, t=14.84, P<0.001) in patients compared to pre-treatment levels. Conclusion:Serum miR-9 level is increased and miR-195-3p level is decreased in patients with PHC compared with patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy subjects, and the combination of the two has high differential diagnostic efficacy for liver cirrhosis and PHC. After TACE treatment, serum miR-9 level is decreased and miR-195-3p level is increased in PHC patients.

DNA is a biological polymer that encodes and stores genetic information in all living organism. Particularly, the precise nucleobase pairing inside DNA is exploited for the self-assembling of nanostructures with defined size, shape and functionality. These DNA nanostructures are known as framework nucleic acids (FNAs) for their skeleton-like features. Recently, FNAs have been explored in various fields ranging from physics, chemistry to biology. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress of FNAs in a pharmaceutical perspective. We summarize the advantages and applications of FNAs for drug discovery, drug delivery and drug analysis. We further discuss the drawbacks of FNAs and provide an outlook on the pharmaceutical research direction of FNAs in the future.

Objective:To detect the genotype of carbapenase and investigate the drug sensibility of Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ/AVI) on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and to provide evidence for rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinical practice. Methods:A total of 179 strains of CRE were isolated from clinical specimens of patients treated in Linyi People′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. mCIM/eCIM test and GeneXpert were used to detect the genotype of carbapenemases. The drug sensibility of CAZ/AVI was detected by K-B test.Results:One hundred and seventy-four out of 179 strains of CRE were positive upon to mCIM test (97.2%), 147strains were positive upon to eCIM test (84.5%). There were 27 serine carbapenemase (15.5%) and 147 metallo-β-lactamase (84.5%). The results of Fluorescent quantitative PCR rapid detection system developed by Saipei GeneXpert were consistent with the results detected by mCIM/eCIM. In the drug sensitivity test, 58 out of 174 mCIM positive strains were sensitive to CAZ (33.3%), of which the sensitivity of 27 strains producing serine carbapenemase was 96.3% (26/27) and all 147 strains producing metallo-β-lactamase were drug-resistant to CAZ/AVI.Conclusions:The carbapenase genotype of CRE in Linyi region is mainly metal β-lactamase. The CRE producing serine carbapenemase is highly sensitive to CAZ/AVI. It is helpful to guide the rational clinical use of the CAZ/AVI according to the detection results of CRE with or without carbapenemase production capacities.

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical features of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS) and enhance the recognition of its diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome diagnosed in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in recent 6 years were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.Results:Of 35 cases of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome there were ten types of suspected drugs. Antibiotics were the most common allergy-inducing drug, followed by allopurinol, antiepileptics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The expected clinical findings of DiHS were characterized by skin rash, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, which may be accompanied by eosinophilia, liver function damaged. The lesions of DiHS were variable and the majority of cases 65.71%(23/35) were characterized by eruptive papules.The main therapeutic approach of DiHS was systemic application of glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). When necessary its combination with immunosuppressant or hemoperfusion (HP).Conclusions:DiHS should be on the high alert when a patient with medication history, rash, high fever and lymph nodes large, accompanied by eosinophilia, liver function damaged. Predictors of good prognosis are early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of anemia and related factors among left-behind children in poverty-stricken rural areas in China, to provide basic information for anemia prevention and treatment for children. Methods: Data from the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2016 were used to express the prevalence of anemia among left-behind children. By using the multistage stratified random cluster sampling method, left-behind children of the 6-17-years-old in poverty-stricken rural areas were recruited in this study. Blood hemoglobin concentration of these students was determined by cyanmethemoglobin method. Anemia was judged by the WHO recommended standard and combined with the sea level elevation correction standard. Frequencies of food intake were collected through questionnaires. Data was then available for analysis including the level of hemoglobin and anemia rates. Relationship between anemia and food intakes as well as other influential factors was also analyzed. Results: The overall anemia prevalence (AP) was 11.6% among the participants. Rates of AP among the 6-, 7-, 15- and 16-17-years-old were 21.1%, 18.0%, 20.6% and 17.3%, respectively. Rates of AP among left-behind girls of 10-11-years-old and the 13-15-years-old were significantly higher than those in boys at the same age (P<0.01) group. Factors including: being girls (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.23-1.45), at grade 7 to 9 (OR=1.47, 95%CI:1.30-1.67) and mother being migrant worker (OR=1.32, 95%CI:1.16- 1.50) had higher proportions of getting anemia. Factors as living in the western area (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.93), taking breakfast every day (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.64-0.76), having meat more than twice per week (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.75-0.93) and having two kinds of vegetables per day (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.75-0.96) appeared protective. Conclusions Prevalence of anemia in left-behind children from the poverty-stricken rural areas was high, including junior middle school students from grade 7 to 9 at the early stage of youth development, girls and children with mothers as migrant workers. Anemia should be reduced by promoting the protective factors as having breakfast, increasing intakes of meat and fresh vegetables.

BACKGROUND:Atorvastatin has been shown to reduce bone loss and fracture, but its effects on implant osseointegration remain unknown.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS:Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham-surgery, ovariectomy, and atorvastatin (10 and 20 mg/kg per day) treatment groups, respectively. Al rats received ovariectomy and implant surgery except those in the sham-surgery group. Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra, osseointegration ratio and pul-out strength of implants were measured after 12-week treatment.Levels of bone formation and resorption markers in osteoblasts treated with atorvastatin were determined by ELISA. Wnt pathway-relatedgene expression was detected by RT-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone mineral density, osseointegration ratio and pul-out strength of implants were significantly increased in 20 mg/kg per day of atorvastatin treatment group compared with ovariectomy group (P< 0.05). Levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcinand osteoprotegerinwere significantly increased in osteoblasts treated with atorvastatinin vitro(P<0 .05), and the level of osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL was significantly inhibited (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, atorvastatin significantly promoted the mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein associated protein 5and β-catenin, and inhibited the mRNA expression of dickkopfWnt signal pathway inhibitor 1and sclerostin. Our results suggest that atorvastatin promotes implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats by activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the early diagnosis value of MR by detecting spinal inflammatory lesions in ankylosing spon-dylitis (AS).Methods Forty patients were involved in this study,including 20 cases with short inflammatory back pain (IBP)histo-ry (duration ≤18 months)and 20 cases with long IBP history (duration ≥24 months).MR images were analyzed retrospectively. Results Patients with a short history of IBP had 7 lesions in vertebral bodies (anterior/posterior spondylitis and spondylodiscitis) and 33 lesions in posterior spinal structures (arthritis of costovertebral joints,costotransversal joints,zygapophyseal joints and en-thesitis of spinal ligaments).Patients with a long history of IBP had 27 lesions in vertebral bodies and 24 lesions in posterior spinal structures.Patients with a short history of IBP had significantly more lesions in posterior spinal structures than in vertebral bodies with 82.5% (33/40)vs 1 7.5% (7/40),respectively (P <0.01).In contrast,patients with a long history of IBP had significantly more inflammation in vertebral bodies with 79.4% (27/34)vs 20.6% (7/34),respectively (P <0.01).Conclusion Inflammatory spinal lesions in patients with a short history of IBP are seen more often in the posterior structures.Early detection of inflammatory spinal lesions by MRI is useful for early diagnosis of AS.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnostic value of joint detection of serum platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor -1 (sFlt-1) and urotensinⅡ( U-Ⅱ) in preeclampsia disease.Methods The cases of obstetric patients suffering from preeclampsia in the Third People′s Hospital of Liaocheng , Shandong Province between October 2012 and April 2014 were enrolled , including 96 cases of mild preeclampsia and 81 cases of severe preeclampsia.Totally 68 cases of normal pregnant women with similar age and gestational age were selected as control group.A case-control study was applied for the following investigations.The concentrations of serum PDGF-BB, sFlt-1 and U-Ⅱwere measured using ELISA.The diagnostic value of PDGF-BB, sFlt-1 and U-Ⅱalone or in combination for preeclampsia was analyzed and evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) and Logistic regression analysis.Results Serum concentrations of PDGF-BB, sFlt-1 and U-Ⅱin mild preeclampsia group were (80.45 ±21.87)ng/L,(23.03 ±6.67)μg/L and(4.54 ± 1.02)ng/L, and those in severe preeclampsia group were (124.91 ±47.54)ng/L,(35.65 ±12.45)μg/L and(6.29 ±2.31) ng/L, while those in control group were (60.89 ±19.38) ng/L,(17.19 ±7.867)μg/L and ( 3.81 ±1.01 ) ng/L, respectively.The three parameters in mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.01; F value was 79.43, 79.28 and 50.72 respectively ).In the same situation , these three indicators in severe preeclampsia group were significantly higher than those in mild group (P<0.01).Moreover, the AUC of serum PDGF-BB, sFlt-1 and U-Ⅱalone or in combination were 0.821, 0.786, 0.772 and 0.933, respectively.The differences between joint detection and three individual detections were statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) , as combined detection having a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 86.6%.Conclusion The combined detection of Serum PDGF-BB, sFlt-1 and U-Ⅱ had an important value in early assessment and treatment of preeclampsia.