OBJECTIVE:Anterior cervical decompression and fusion is a classic surgical method for the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis.The use of nail plates increases the fusion rate and stability and indirectly leads to adjacent vertebral degeneration and postoperative dysphagia.In this paper,the clinical results and complications of ROI-CTM self-locking system and traditional cage combined with screw-plate internal fixation in the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis were compared by meta-analysis to provide evidence-based support for the selection of internal fixation methods in anterior cervical decompression and fusion. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Embase databases were searched for Chinese and English literature on the application of ROI-CTM self-locking system and fusion cage combined with screw plate internal fixation in the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis.The retrieval time range was from inception to July 2023.Two researchers selected the literature strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The Cochrane bias risk tool was used to evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials.Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of cohort studies.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Outcome indicators included operation time,intraoperative blood loss,Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,Neck Disability Index,C2-C7 Cobb angle,fusion rate,incidence of adjacent vertebral degeneration,cage subsidence rate,and incidence of dysphagia. RESULTS:Thirteen articles were included,including eleven retrospective cohort studies and two randomized controlled trials,with 1 136 patients,569 in the ROI-C group,and 567 in the cage combined with the nail plate group.Meta-analysis results showed that the operation time(MD=-15.52,95%CI:-18.62 to-12.42,P<0.000 01)and intraoperative blood loss(MD=-24.53,95%CI:-32.46 to-16.61,P<0.000 01)in the ROI-C group and the fusion device combined with nail plate group.Postoperative adjacent segment degeneration rate(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.60,P<0.000 01)and postoperative total dysphagia rate(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.13-0.26),P<0.000 01)were statistically different.The two groups had no significant difference in Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,Neck Disability Index,C2-C7 Cobb angle,fusion rate,or cage subsidence rate(P≥0.05). CONCLUSION:Applying an ROI-CTM self-locking system and traditional cage combined with plate internal fixation in anterior cervical decompression and fusion can achieve satisfactory clinical results in treating degenerative cervical spondylosis.The operation of the ROI-CTM self-locking system is more straightforward.Compared with a cage combined with plate internal fixation,the ROI-CTM self-locking system can significantly reduce the operation time and intraoperative blood loss and has obvious advantages in reducing the incidence of postoperative dysphagia and adjacent segment degeneration.The ROI-CTM self-locking system is recommended for patients with skip cervical spondylosis and adjacent vertebral disease.However,given its possible high settlement rate,using a fusion cage combined with screw-plate internal fixation is still recommended for patients with degenerative cervical spondylosis with multiple segments and high-risk factors of fusion cage settlement,such as osteoporosis and vertebral endplate damage.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ （PPARδ） agonist GW501516 on the injury of pulmonary artery endothelial cells （PAECs） induced by hypoxia and its mechanism. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of GW501516 were observed by detecting the relative survival rate of PAECs； the protein expression of PPARδ was determined by Western blot assay. The cellular model of PAECs injury was established under hypoxic conditions； using antioxidant N-acetylcysteine （NAC） as positive control， the effects of GW501516 on cell injury and reactive oxygen species （ROS） production were investigated by detecting cell apoptotic rate， cell viability， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity and ROS levels. Using nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2） activator dimethyl fumarate （DMF） as positive control， PAECs were incubated with GW501516 and/or Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 under hypoxic conditions； the mechanism of GW501516 on PAECs injury induced by hypoxia was investigated by detecting cell injury （cell apoptosis， cell viability， LDH activity）， the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GPx）， catalase （CAT）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and ROS， the expressions of Nrf2， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） and cleaved-caspase-3 （C-caspase-3） protein. RESULTS The results demonstrated that hypoxia inhibited the protein expression of PPARδ （P＜0.05）， while GW501516 promoted the protein expression of PPARδ in hypoxia- exposed PAECs without obvious cytotoxic effects. GW501516 inhibited the apoptosis of PAECs， improved cell viability， and reduced LDH activity and ROS levels. GW501516 could up-regulate the protein expression of HO-1 in PAECs and the levels of SOD， GPx and CAT， while down-regulated the levels of MDA and ROS by activating the Nrf2 pathway （P＜0.05）； but Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 could reverse the above effects of GW501516 （P＜0.05）. GW501516 exerted similar effects to Nrf2 activator DMF in down-regulating the expression of C-caspase-3 and inhibiting the injury of PAECs under conditions of hypoxia （P＜0.05）. Moreover， Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed the 163.com inhibition effects of GW501516 on PAECs injury （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS GW501516 can relieve the hypoxia-induced injury of PAECs via the inhibition of oxidative stress， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating Nrf2.

Objective:To analyze the predictive value of four scoring systems,Pediatric Clinical Illness Score (PCIS),Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score 2 (PELOD-2),Pediatric Risk of Mortality Ⅲ (PRISM Ⅲ),and Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA),in the severity and prognosis in pediatric sepsis.Methods:The medical records of 159 children with sepsis who admitted to PICU at the First Hospital of Jilin University between August 2015 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The PCIS,PELOD-2,PRISM Ⅲ and pSOFA scores were calculated according to the worst value of each index within 24 h of admission.The children were divided into survival group and death group based on clinical outcomes during hospitalization.The children were stratified according to the severity of sepsis into sepsis (no organ dysfunction) group ( n=18) and severe sepsis group ( n=141).The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of PCIS,PELOD-2,PRISM Ⅲ and pSOFA scores in predicting the severity and prognosis in pediatric sepsis. Results:There were 97 (61.01%) cases in the survival group and 62(38.99%) cases in the death group.There were 141(88.68%) children with severe sepsis.The areas under curve (AUCs) of PCIS,PELOD-2,PRISM Ⅲ and pSOFA scores for predicting severe sepsis in children with sepsis were 0.869,0.875,0.672 and 0.933,respectively (all P <0.05).The AUCs of PCIS,PELOD-2,PRISM Ⅲ and pSOFA scores for predicting the death of children with sepsis in PICU were 0.687,0.697,0.716 and 0.656,respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Among the four scoring systems,the pSOFA scoring system had the highest predictive power for the severity of sepsis.The PRISM Ⅲ score had higher value in assessing the risk of death in all patients with sepsis.

Randomized controlled trial(RCT)is the most rigorous scientific method of evaluating interventions and validating new techniques in nursing.Scientific research papers are not only the carrier of scientific knowledge dissemination,but also an important way of academic thoughts exchange.However,the quality of published randomized controlled studies in nursing research is uneven,and the paper writing are not standard.Based on existing literature review,CONSORT statements,and experience in writing and reviewing papers,the authors expound on the overall structure of RCTs and the essentials of each section,and summarize the common issues,to provide references for researchers to standardize the writing of RCTs in nursing.

Objective:To investigate respiratory virus infection in children with septic shock in pediatric care units (PICU) in China and its influence on clinical outcomes.Methods:The clinical data of children with septic shock in children′s PICU from January 2018 to December 2019 in 10 Chinese hospitals were retrospectively collected. They were divided into the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 groups according to the onset of disease, and the characteristics and composition of respiratory virus in the 2 groups were compared. Matching age, malignant underlying diseases, bacteria, fungi and other viruses, a new database was generated using 1∶1 propensity score matching method. The children were divided into the respiratory virus group and non-respiratory virus group according to the presence or absence of respiratory virus infection; their clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment were compared by t-test, rank sum test and Chi-square test. The correlation between respiratory virus infection and the clinical outcomes was analyzed by logistic regression. Results:A total of 1 247 children with septic shock were included in the study, of them 748 were male; the age was 37 (11, 105) months. In the pre-and post-COVID-19 groups, there were 530 and 717 cases of septic shock, respectively; the positive rate of respiratory virus was 14.9% (79 cases) and 9.8% (70 cases); the seasonal distribution of septic shock was 28.9% (153/530) and 25.9% (185/717) in autumn, and 30.3% (161/530) and 28.3% (203/717) in winter, respectively, and the corresponding positive rates of respiratory viruses were 19.6% (30/153) and 15.7% (29/185) in autumn, and 21.1% (34/161) and 15.3% (31/203) in winter, respectively. The positive rates of influenza virus and adenovirus in the post-COVID-19 group were lower than those in the pre-COVID-19 group (2.1% (15/717) vs. 7.5% (40/530), and 0.7% (5/717) vs. 3.2% (17/530), χ2=21.51 and 11.08, respectively; all P<0.05). Rhinovirus virus were higher than those in the pre-Covid-19 group (1.7% (12/717) vs. 0.2% (1/530), χ2=6.51, P=0.011). After propensity score matching, there were 147 cases in both the respiratory virus group and the non-respiratory virus group. Rate of respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress, rate of disseminated coagulation dysfunction, and immunoglobulin usage of the respiratory virus group were higher than those of non-respiratory virus group (77.6% (114/147) vs. 59.2% (87/147), 17.7% (26/147) vs. 4.1% (6/147), 15.6% (25/147) vs. 4.1% (7/147), and 35.4% (52/147) vs. 21.4% (32/147); χ2=11.07, 14.02, 11.06 and 6.67, all P<0.05); and PICU hospitalization of the former was longer than that of the later (7 (3, 16) vs. 3 (1, 7)d, Z=5.01, P<0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of respiratory viral infection was associated with respiratory failure, disseminated coagulation dysfunction, the use of mechanical ventilation, and the use of immunoglobulin and anti-respiratory viral drugs ( OR=2.42, 0.22, 0.25, 0.56 and 1.12, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The composition of respiratory virus infection in children with septic shock is different between pre and post-COVID-19. Respiratory viral infection is associated with organ dysfunction in children with septic shock. Decreasing respiratory viral infection through respiratory protection may improve the clinical outcome of these children.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, pathogen composition, and prognosis of septic shock in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in China.Methods:A multicenter retrospective cohort study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children with septic shock from 10 hospitals in China between January 2018 and December 2021. The clinical features, pathogen composition, and outcomes were collected. Patients were categorized into malignant tumor and non-malignant tumor groups, as well as survival and mortality groups. T test, Mann Whitney U test or Chi square test were used respectively for comparing clinical characteristics and prognosis between 2 groups. Multiple Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for mortality. Results:A total of 1 247 children with septic shock were included, with 748 males (59.9%) and the age of 3.1 (0.9, 8.8) years. The in-patient mortality rate was 23.2% (289 cases). The overall pathogen positive rate was 68.2% (851 cases), with 1 229 pathogens identified. Bacterial accounted for 61.4% (754 strains) and virus for 24.8% (305 strains). Among all bacterium, Gram negative bacteria constituted 64.2% (484 strains), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter being the most common; Gram positive bacteria comprised 35.8% (270 strains), primarily Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Influenza virus (86 strains (28.2%)), Epstein-Barr virus (53 strains (17.4%)), and respiratory syncytial virus (46 strains (17.1%)) were the top three viruses. Children with malignant tumors were older and had higher pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) Ⅲ score, paediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) score (7.9 (4.3, 11.8) vs. 2.3 (0.8, 7.5) years old, 22 (16, 26) vs. 16 (10, 24) points, 10 (5, 14) vs. 8 (4, 12) points, Z=11.32, 0.87, 4.00, all P<0.05), and higher pathogen positive rate, and in-hospital mortality (77.7% (240/309) vs. 65.1% (611/938), 29.7% (92/309) vs. 21.0% (197/938), χ2=16.84, 10.04, both P<0.05) compared to the non-tumor group. In the death group, the score of PRISM Ⅲ, pSOFA (16 (22, 29) vs. 14 (10, 20) points, 8 (12, 15) vs. 6 (3, 9) points, Z=4.92, 11.88, both P<0.05) were all higher, and presence of neoplastic disease, positive rate of pathogen and proportion of invasive mechanical ventilation in death group were also all higher than those in survival group (29.7% (87/289) vs. 23.2% (222/958), 77.8% (225/289) vs. 65.4% (626/958), 73.7% (213/289) vs. 50.6% (485/958), χ2=5.72, 16.03, 49.98, all P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression showed that PRISM Ⅲ, pSOFA, and malignant tumor were the independent risk factors for mortality ( OR=1.04, 1.09, 0.67, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, 1.04-1.12, 0.47-0.94, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Bacterial infection are predominant in pediatric septic shock, but viral infection are also significant. Children with malignancies are more severe and resource consumptive. The overall mortality rate for pediatric septic shock remains high, and mortality are associated with malignant tumor, PRISM Ⅲ and pSOFA scores.

Objective To study the correlation between carotid bifurcation geometry and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability using high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging(HRMR-VWI),and to seek the potential predictor for vulnerable plaque for-mation.Methods The clinical information and imaging data of 104 patients with carotid bifurcation plaque detected by HRMR-VWI were analyzed retrospectively.Carotid bifurcation geometric parameters was measured to determine whether the carotid bifurcation plaque was vulnerable plaque,and they were divided into vulnerable plaque group(69 cases)and stable plaque group(35 cases).The difference of carotid bifurcation geometry of various groups was investigated,and the influence of common traditional risk factors to obtain independent risk factors was adjusted.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn.Results Among 104 carotid artery,vulnerable plaque group had larger bifurcation angle(54.00 vs 48.80,P＜0.001),less luminal expansion(1.76 vs 1.94,P=0.002)and less outflow/inflow area ratio(0.79 vs 0.88,P＜0.001)compared with stable plaque group.After adjusting,binary logistic regres-sion indicated that bifurcation angle[odds ratio(OR)1.132 per 10° increase;95％confidence interval(CI)1.044-1.225],luminal expan-sion(OR 0.084 per 1 increase;95％CI 0.014-0.492)and outflow/inflow area ratio(OR 0.357 per 0.01 increase;95％CI 0.177-0.723)were independent risk factors of vulnerable plaque formation.Bringing them into the final model,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.878 above the basic model(AUC=0.664).Conclusion Bifur-cation angle,luminal expansion and outflow/inflow area ratio are independently associated with vulnerable plaque formation.Carotid bifurcation geometry have the certain predictive efficiency of vulnerable plaque formation and have the incremental diagnostic value to traditional risk factors,which are expected to be effective imaging makers for the formation of vulnerable plaque.

Objective To construct a continuous nursing quality evaluation indicator system for inflam-matory bowel disease patients and provide a basis for the evaluation of continuous nursing quality.Methods On the basis of Donabedian's three-dimensional(structure,process,and outcome)quality structure,we employed liter-ature review,qualitative interview,Delphi method,and hierarchical analysis to determine the content and weights of indicators of continuous nursing quality for the patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Results A total of 15 experts completed 2 rounds of consultation,which had the questionnaire recovery rates of 100％,the expert authority coefficients of 0.930 and 0.919,and the Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.149 and 0.177(both P＜0.001),respectively.The established nursing quality evaluation indicator system included 3 first-level indicators,10 sec-ond-level indicators,and 39 third-level indicators.Conclusion The continuous nursing quality evaluation indi-cator system for the patients with inflammatory bowel disease that was constructed in this study was reasonable,reliable,and practical,providing reference for evaluating the continuous nursing quality for the patients with in-flammatory bowel disease.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of Ortho-Bridge system in the treatment of scapular fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the 23 patients with scapular fracture who had been treated with Ortho-Bridge system and followed up completely at Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2020 to May 2023. They were 19 males and 4 females with an age of (40.3±11.6) years. The modified Judet approach was adopted in 9 cases and minimally invasive approach in 14 cases in the surgery. The time from injury to surgery was 3.0 (0, 4.0) days. Related perioperative indicators were recorded, including surgery time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative complications, and fracture healing time. Postoperatively, Constant shoulder score (CSS) and the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (quickDASH) were used to quantify the postoperative efficacy.Results:All the 23 patients were followed up for (30.1±12.0) months. The surgery time averaged (136.3±32.0) minutes and the intraoperative bleeding (178.3±50.3) mL. The rate of postoperative fracture healing was 100% (23/23), and the fracture healing time 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) months. After surgery, one patient developed superficial infection which was cured by oral antibiotics and dressing change. No other adverse complications occurred. The CSS of the shoulder at the last follow-up was (91.7±3.0) points. The quickDASH score of the upper limb function at the last follow-up averaged (10.4±3.6) points, giving an excellent to good rate of 91.3% (21/23).Conclusion:In the treatment of scapular fractures, internal fixation with Ortho-Bridge system can result in excellent clinical effects and a low incidence of postoperative complications, because it is simple to handle, limitedly traumatic, flexible and versatile in combination of internal fixation and very personalized.

Objective:To explore the correlation between transcranial sonography (TCS) combined with serum homocysteine (Hcy), blood glucose, blood lipids, the cognitive status of Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients, and to analyze the clinical application value of these parameters in assessing the cognitive status of PD patients.Methods:A total of 152 PD patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively collected as the PD group, and 101 healthy examinees matched for age and gender during the same period were selected as control group. Clinical data [age, gender, duration of illness, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale Part Ⅲ (UPDRS-Ⅲ) score, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, etc.], serum tests (Hcy, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein concentration), and TCS examination results (third ventricular width, midbrain area, peak systolic velocity of bilateral middle cerebral arteries, bilateral middle cerebral artery resistance index, bilateral substantia nigra hyperechoic area) were collected. The two groups were divided into pure PD group and PD group with elevated Hcy, pure control group and control group with elevated Hcy, based on an Hcy concentration threshold of ≥15 μmol/L. The differences in the above parameters among the four groups were compared. The correlation between Hcy and cognitive status (MoCA score, MMSE score) of PD patients and the above parameters were analyzed.Results:The MoCA score and MMSE score of the PD group with elevated Hcy were lower than those of the pure PD group, and the UPDRS-Ⅲ score and H-Y stage were higher than those of the pure PD group (all P<0.001). The order of Hcy concentration from high to low was PD group with elevated Hcy, pure Hcy elevation group, pure PD group, and pure control group. The differences in serum data and TCS data among the four groups were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed: ①In the PD group, the concentration of Hcy was positively correlated with glucose concentration, H-Y stage, low-density lipoprotein concentration, right middle cerebral artery resistance index, UPDRS-Ⅲ score, total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, left middle cerebral artery resistance index, third ventricular width, and age ( rs=0.422, 0.350, 0.348, 0.334, 0.325, 0.300, 0.293, 0.283, 0.221, 0.164, all P<0.05); Hcy concentration was negatively correlated with midbrain area, MMSE score, MoCA score, peak systolic velocity of right middle cerebral artery, peak systolic velocity of left middle cerebral artery, and high-density lipoprotein concentration ( rs=-0.328, -0.282, -0.245, -0.229, -0.224, -0.192, all P<0.05). ②Clinical data, serum data, and TCS data of PD patients were all correlated with MoCA score and MMSE score, with midbrain area showing the largest positive correlation ( rs=0.524, 0.516; both P<0.05) and H-Y stage showing the largest negative correlation( rs=-0.490, -0.468; both P<0.05). Conclusions:PD patients with elevated Hcy have lower cognitive scores than pure PD patients. The correlation between Hcy concentration and blood glucose concentration is the highest in PD patients, followed by H-Y stage. The cognitive scores of PD patients are most correlated with midbrain area and unrelated to substantia nigra hyperechoic area. Lowering serum Hcy concentration in PD patients may be one of the ways to delay cognitive impairment.