Objective To analyze and compare the change of disease burden attributed to high temperature in the Chinese population in 2019 compared with 1990. Methods Based on the global burden of disease study data in 2019, the number of deaths, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and DALY rate attributable to high temperature in Chinese population of different ages and genders in 1990 and 2019 were extracted to analyze the changing trend of disease burden attributable to high temperature exposure in Chinese population and its main causes. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of changes in standardized attributable DALY rates. Results Compared with 1990, the number of disease deaths attributable to high temperature in China in 2019 increased from 10 700 to 13 900, and the attributable DALY decreased from 532,200 to 276 100 person-years. The standardized mortality and DALY rates decreased by 35.25% and 65.20%, respectively. The burden attributable to high temperature was higher in males than in females, and the burden was relatively heavier in the population aged 70 and above. In 2019, chronic non-communicable diseases were the main cause of the attributable burden of high temperature exposure, and ischemic heart disease had the highest DALY burden, with an age-standardized DALY rate of 4.64/100 000. Conclusion The absolute death burden attributable to high temperature exposure in Chinese population is still increasing. It is necessary to pay more attention to high-risk groups such as men and the elderly, continue to strengthen environmental protection, and formulate relevant interventions in a targeted way to further reduce the disease burden caused by high temperature exposure.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognostic factors of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) patients treated with Sunitinib.Methods:The clinical data of pNETs patients from Pfizer Drug Assistance Program of Cancer Foundation of China from April 2013 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up and statistical analysis were performed.Results:A total of 235 patients were enrolled, the patients′ overall survival time was between 4 and 252 months, the 3-years and 5-years survival rates were 73.8% and 60.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that factors such as age, Ki-67 index and surgery were associated with the 3-years survival rates of pNETs patients ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the age, Ki-67 index and surgery were independent prognostic factors for pNETs patients ( P<0.05). For patients with liver metastases, univariate analysis revealed that surgery was associated with prognosis ( P<0.05). The 5-years survival rate of 124 patients with extending usage of Sunitinib was 53.3%. Conclusion:PNETs are rare tumors with atypical clinical symptoms and the patients often have metastasis at the initiate diagnosis. The age, Ki-67 index and surgery are associated with the prognosis of pNETs patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognostic factors of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) patients treated with Sunitinib.Methods:The clinical data of pNETs patients from Pfizer Drug Assistance Program of Cancer Foundation of China from April 2013 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up and statistical analysis were performed.Results:A total of 235 patients were enrolled, the patients′ overall survival time was between 4 and 252 months, the 3-years and 5-years survival rates were 73.8% and 60.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that factors such as age, Ki-67 index and surgery were associated with the 3-years survival rates of pNETs patients ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the age, Ki-67 index and surgery were independent prognostic factors for pNETs patients ( P<0.05). For patients with liver metastases, univariate analysis revealed that surgery was associated with prognosis ( P<0.05). The 5-years survival rate of 124 patients with extending usage of Sunitinib was 53.3%. Conclusion:PNETs are rare tumors with atypical clinical symptoms and the patients often have metastasis at the initiate diagnosis. The age, Ki-67 index and surgery are associated with the prognosis of pNETs patients.

Objective: To determine total phenylethanoid glycoside and acteoside in Plantago Herba to provide reference for evaluating the quality of medicinal materials.Methods: With acteoside as the control sample, a UV visible spectrophotometric method was used to determine total phenylethanoid glycosides in Plantago Herba.An HPLC method was applied to determine acteoside in Plantago Herba , and the conditions were as follows: an ODS2 C 18 (150 mm× 4.6 mm ,5 μm) chromatographic column was used with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid (13∶87) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 332nm, the column temperature was 30℃, and the sample volume was 10 μl.Results: The reference solution and the sample solution had the maximum absorption at 332 nm, and the linear relationship was good within the range of 0.003 1-0.155 0 mg·ml-1 (r=0.999 5).The content of total benzene alcohol glycosides in 3 batches of samples was 2.73% , 2.61% and 2.84% , respectively;acteoside over the range of 0.000 6-0.155 0 mg·ml-1 (r=0.999 1) showed a good linear relationship with peak area,the sample recovery was 98.5% and the RSD was 1.6% (n =6), and the acteoside content in 3 batches of samples respectively was 0.54% , 0.51% and 0.56%.Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the determination of total phenylethanoid glycosides and acteoside in Plantago Herba.

Objective:To study the compatibility and stability of coenzyme A for injection, adenosine disodium triphosphate and inosine injection. Methods:By simulating the clinical medication, the three drugs and 5% glucose injection were mixed together. The contents and relative substances of coenzyme A, adenosine disodium triphosphate and inosine were measured by HPLC. The changes in appearance, pH and insoluble particles were observed or tested at ambient temperature. Results:The mixed solution showed no signifi-cant changes in appearance, pH, number of insoluble particles, contents and relative substances of coenzyme A, adenosine disodium triphosphate and inosine in 4 h, while the mixed solution became turbid and the pH, number of insoluble particles and contents of the three drugs showed significant changes after 24-h storage. Conclusion:The mixed solution of coenzyme A for injection, adenosine dis-odium triphosphate and inosine injection in 5% glucose injection should be used up in 4 h at ambient temperature.

Objective To establish a method for determination of phenylethanoid glycoside and acteoside in Plantago Herba. Methods UV-visible spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of the content of phenylethanoid glycosides compounds in Plantago Herba. HPLC method was used for the determination of acteoside in Plantago Herba. Chromatographic column with C18 ODS2 (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) was used. Acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid (13:87) was as mobile phase; the flow rate was 1 mL/min; the detection wavelength was 332 nm; the column temperature was 30 ℃; the sample volume was 10 μL. Results The contents of phenylethanoid glycoside in Plantago Herba from different producing areas were among 1.03%–3.47%. Acteoside with peak area over the 0.0062–1.55 mg range showed a good linear relationship; the sample recovery rate was 98.9%, and the RSD was 1.6%. The contents of acteoside in Plantago Herba from different producing areas was among 0.18%–0.56%. Conclusion The method is simple, stable and reproducible, which can be used for the determination of phenylethanoid glycoside and acteoside in Plantago Herba from different producing areas and provide experimental basis for quality control of Plantago Herba.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of quercetin and kaempferol inKaempferia galanga L..Methods ODS2 C18 (5μm, 4.6 mm×150 mm) was used as chromatographic column; methanol-0.4% phosphate (47:53) was the mobile phase; the flow rate was 1 mL/min; column temperature was 30℃; the detection wavelength was 367 nm; the injection volume was 10μL.Results Quercetin showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.016 5–1.65μg (r=0.999 7). The average recovery rate was 96.8%, RSD=2.02%; kaempferol showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.014 6–1.46μg (r=0.999 5). The average recovery rate was 97.3%, RSD=1.77%.Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, and with good reproducibility, which can be used for content determination of quercetin and kaempferol inKaempferia galanga L..

Objective To study the compatible stability of the carbohydrate-electrolyte injection and commonly used vitamin-electrolyte injections. Methods By simulating clinical use of medicines,the carbohydrate-electrolyte injection and various vitamin-electrolyte injections were mixed respectively.The content of sodium acetate was measured by HPLC,and changes in appearance,pH value and insoluble particles of the injections were observed. Results At room temperature,the compatibility solutions showed no significant changes in appearance,pH value,the number of insoluble particles and the content of sodium acetate within 8 h. Conclusion The carbohydrate-electrolyte injection is compatible with commonly used vitamin-electrolyte injections,and the admixtures are stable within 8 h at room temperature.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of coenzyme A in coenzyme complex for injection. Methods:The content determination was performed on an Intersil ODS-3 column with methanol-pH 6. 5 phosphate buffer solution (10∶90) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 259 nm and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:The linear range of coenzyme A was 1.624-32.482 u·ml-1(r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 102. 36% and RSD was 1. 14%(n=6). Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and it can be used for the quality control of coenzyme complex for injection.

Gynura divaricata polysaccharide was extracted from Gynura divaricata with the method of microwave-assisted extraction. Based on the results of single factor experiments, the extraction process was optimized by response surface analysis. The results indicated that the influencing factors during extraction were: liquid-solid ratio, microwave time, and microwave power, among which the influence of liquid-solid ratio was the most significant. The optimal conditions were as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 45∶1(mL/g), microwave power of 390 W, microwave time of 22 min. Under optimal extraction conditions, the extraction rate of Gynura divaricata polysaccharide was 15. 36%, which was pretty close to the predicted result. The optimized response surface methodology had some practical value for the process.