Background: Medicines with unique healing methods and European medical treatments and services, which have been used around the world to this day, are now being used in a combined form in the healthcare services of many countries, and the possibility of integrating them is a widely discussed issue among researchers. It is noteworthy that no independent research has yet been published that has analyzed in detail how the influence of Chinese and other medical schools has been reflected in the development of Traditional Mongolian medicine. It is considered important to analyze this issue individually, in each direction, to clarify the historical process of how Traditional Mongolian medicine was formed today. Aim: Conduct research within specific codes in the works of Mongolian doctors to identify the presence of Chinese medical data, knowledge, and information. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted using a qualitative research method based on historical and source books. Our study employed content and thematic analysis, utilizing coding and the identification of recurring patterns in the source text. Results: The results of the coding study show that most of the data used from Chinese meicines falls under the code “infection”. In Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir’s sourcebook, 42.8% of the information was coded as infection, in Tsakhar Gevsh Luvsanchultemi’s sourcebook 50%, in Mindol Khutagt Jambalchoyjidanzanperenle’s sourcebook 47.05%, and in Ishdanzanvanjil’s “Shuren Chimeg” 87.5% was coded as infection. After that, when the information included in the code “injury” is classified by each sourcebooks, 33.3% is found in Ishbaljir’s sourcebook, 0% in Luvsanchultem, 24% in Min dol Khutagt Jambalchoyjidanzanperenley, and 6.25% in Ishdanzanvanjil, which ranks second among all codes. Conclusion 1. According to the research results, 56.66% of the Chinese medical information in the above works is related to infection cases. 2. The integration of Chinese medicine learning with Traditional Mongolian medicine methods during epidemics such as “Bodoo” may be a major influencing factor that has shaped the current integrative medicine process.

Background: In traditional medicine, Jur Ur-4 Tang, which is widely used for the treatment of diabetes, has been technologically processed and transformed into a modern pharmaceutical form as soluble granules. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the pharmacological effects of the soluble granules derived from Jur Ur-4 Tang. Aim: To study the effect of granules extracted from Jur ur-4 Tang in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in experimental rats. : Materials and Methods : T2DM in rats was induced by a high-fat diet and a low-dose streptozotocin (STZ 35 mg/kg). Then, oral gavage administration of three different doses of Granule (450 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg) was given to T2DM rats. Experimental results showed that Granule dramatically reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, and GLUT4. Results:: In the glucose tolerance test, granules at doses of 450 and 900 mg/ kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels at 60 and 120 minutes (p < 0.01). Additionally, the soluble granules at all tested doses significantly decreased blood insulin levels and increased GLUT4 expression (p<0.01). Conclusion The granules lower blood glucose levels.

Background: Social development due to fat, fast food, obesity and physical exercise depended on chronic cholecystitis and gallstones, still getting younger in recent years. Yaman Serdeg-3 is used in Mongolian Traditional Medicine for the liver and gallbladder and has been studied to support the excretion of bile. We have created a compound recipe, Yaman Serdeg-3 of Mongolia Traditional medicine, added Saussurea amara (L)DC herbal. Saussurea amara (L). DC is high in biologically active compounds, and pharmacology has investigated the bile-expelling action and the effects of the plant on cell growth. Chronic cholecystitis is a common chronic disease of the biliary tract in clinical patients. Symptoms can be seen in right upper abdominal cramps; some patients can be accompanied by abdominal muscle rigidity, the primary disease. It is caused by a large amount of bile blocking the patient’s gallbladder after the stone blocks the gallbladder duct. In the sac, induced acute cholecystitis was again caused by pathogenic factors to form the disease. Aim: Elucidating the effects of supplemental Yaman serdeg-3 in a gallbladder injury model. Materials and Methods: We received permission for animal experimentation from The Ethics Committee of Mongolia National University of Medical Sciences on the 10th of June 2022. The group created a model gallbladder disease with 0.5% a-naphthyl isothiocyanate [C11H7N5] dose (60 ml/kg), treatment with compound recipe Yaman Serdeg-3 (NYS-3) high dose (2.025 g/ml), medium dose (1.35g/ml), low dose (0.675g/ml), that used to compare URSO 250 (0.0042g/ml) for 21 days. The third group created a model liver disease with a 40% Carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] dose (4 ml/kg), treatment with compound recipe NYS-3 high dose (2.025 g/ml) and that was used to compare Hu gan pian (0.046g/ml) of China medicine for 21 days. Liver tissue pathological sections were collected quickly after blood collection in rats. The liver, stomach, and duodenum tissue on the right page were immersed in 10% neutral formalin and fixed for pathology. Histological examination: The fixed tissue was trimmed, dehydrated, embedded, and cut. After slides, HE staining, sealing, and other procedures, an optical microscope was used to observe. Results: In our study, the structure of the liver tissue cells in the high-dose group of Yaman serdeg-3 was preserved, the vessels had irregular blood vessels, and there was significant infiltration of chronic inflammation in the triple bypass. In this group, we divided the Yaman serged-3 into three groups: low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose. In the model group with liver tissue analysis, the low-dose and medium-dose groups had fewer chronic inflammatory cells in triads and interstitial cells. In contrast, the fact that the high-dose group of Yaman serdeg-3 showed sparse trigeminal and interstitial and very few chronic inflammatory cells indicates that our study met its objectives, and the tissue analysis showed that the high-dose group was more effective. Conclusion During the acute and toxic liver disease model in rats, the inflammation process in the liver cells was high, and watery changes and fatty changes damaged the liver tissue. It has been confirmed that traditional herbal medicine, Yaman serdeg-3, reduced protein and fatty tissue changes in the hepatocyte membrane and accelerated liver and biliary tract regeneration. Furthermore, our study has shown that Yaman serdeg-3 may have stimulated bile secretion dose-dependently and accelerated hepatocyte regeneration. Also, liver tissue analysis of the control group showed significant inflammation in the triad and interstitial cells; blood vessels were filled with blood, and cell structure was preserved. In contrast, the comparison drug group had significant triad inflammation and fewer inflammatory cells in the interstitial cells.

Background: Lish-6 has been used for treatment pharyngitis, flu and throat disease. Lish-6 is composed from Eugenia caryophylla. Thumb, Saussurea lappa C.B. Clark, Schizostachoum chinense. Rendle, Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Fisch, Gentiana algida Pall, Terminalia chebula. Retz. Anti-fever properties of these plants and their bio-active compounds have extensively been studied. Aim: To determine the anti-fever effects of Lish-6. Marerials and Methods: Fever was induced by intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at concentration of 0.5 mg/kg. Lish-6 was given orally at concentration of 92 mg/kg, 1 and 6 hours after the LPS administration. Rectal temperature wa measured 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 hours after the LPS administration. Paracetamoli was given orally at concentration of 50 mg/kg. Blood levels of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay using rat kits. Lung tissue was examined by histopathological analysis. Results: The body temperature of rats in the normal group was 35.0±1.10С, while in the control group, periodic fever was caused by the effect of lipopolysaccharide (p=0.001). But in the Lish-6 drug group, rectal temperature decreased steadily (p=0.05). In addition, the IL-1β cytokine in the normal group was 3.24±0.31 ng/L and increased by 60.5% in the control, indicating the development of the pathological model, while this parameter decreased by 31% in the Lish-6 drug group (p=0.05). IL-6 cytokine in the normal animals was 21.1±0.2 pg/L and increased by 19.04% in the control, indicating the development of the pathological model, while this parameter decreased by 8.3% in the Lish-6 drug group (p =0.05). PGE2 in the normal group was 43.2±0.3 ng/L, and it increased by 62.7% in the control group, indicating the development of a pathological model, while this parameter decreased by 53.3% in the Lish-6 drug group (p=0.05). Conclusion Lish-6 traditional drug has the effect of reducing rectal temperature, IL-1β, PGE2 and IL-6 cytokines during lipopolysaccharide-induced febrile pathology model.

Background: Erkhem-8 medicine is a composed Crocus Sativus L, Lagotis integrifolia, Gentiana barbata froel etc, used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, specially pneumonia and fever or hot disease in Mongolian Traditional Medicine. Aim: The effects of Erkhem-8 medicine to determine the some sourcebook study results. Materials and Methods: An evaluation of its effects on wind, bile, and phlegm was conducted using Traditional Mongolian Medicine methods (Dagvatseren B, 1996). In order to clarify the structure and composition of Erkhem-8 traditional medicines, and the treatment of lung fever from traditional medical sources. Text and source-study and comparison method were used in the study. Results: The study found that Erkhem-8 medicine demonstrated a varying capacity to suppress wind, bile, and phlegm, with bile suppression being the most significant at 0.68, followed by wind suppression at 0.58, and phlegm suppression at 0.16. Erkhem-8 is composed of 8 ingredients, which are safflower Carthamus tinctorius L, gmeline Bostaurus domesticus, Schizostachoum chinense Rendle, wood Santalum album L, Odontitis rubra Baung.Opiz, flora Gentiana decumbens L, herba Lagoti sintegrifolia Schischk, flora Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichenb. These herbs themselves have a variety of biological activities, including reduce heat, pain relief, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor, anti-inflammation activity. Conclusions 1. The study found that Erkhem-8 exhibited the highest suppression of bile (0.68), followed by wind (0.58), and phlegm (0.16), indicating its effectiveness in modulating these elements. 2. Most of the raw materials included in the composition of Erkhem-8 medicine have a bitter and sweet taste and have the ability to remove heat, especially heat of the solid organs, i.e. heat of the lungs, liver, blood, specially pneumonia and fever or hot disease in Traditional Mongolian Medicine.

Background: Lish-6 has been used for treatment pharyngitis, flu and throat disease. Lish-6 is composed from Eugenia caryophylla Thumb, Saussurea lappa C.B.Clark, Schizostachoum chinense Rendle, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Gentiana algida Pall, Terminalia chebula Retz. Anti-fever properties of these plants and their bio-active compounds have extensively been studied. Aim: To determine the pain relief and antibacterial effects of Lish-6. Materials and Methods: To conduct acute toxicity study using V.B. Prozorovsk method. Average lethal dose, lethal and maximum nonlethal doses were determined. Acetic acid (1%-0.1 ml) was injected into the rat abdominal cavity to induce pain. Wistar rat of either sex (n = 6) weighing 18–22g were used. All animals were withdrawn from food 2h before the start of experiment and were divided in five groups. Group I was injected with normal saline (10ml/kg) as control, Diclodenk was given orally at concentration of 25 mg/kg. Group II III, IV, V and VI were injected with Lish-6 was given orally at concentrations of 9.2, 18, 36, 92, 184 mg/kg injection of acetic acid. The number of abdominal constrictions (writhes) were counted of acetic acid injection for the period of 20 min. To determine the antibacterial effect by dilution method. Results: Average lethal dose of Lish-6 was found to be LD50=0.92 (0.6-1.04) g/kg suggesting that it is slightly toxic animals. Control group animals abdominal constrictions 72.4±8.8. Lish-6 concentrations of 9.2, 18, 36, 92, 184 mg/kg group animal reduced acitic acid induced pain by 41.9-78.7% suggesting that it is pain relief effect (p<0.001). 4 g of Lish-6 medicine is active against gram-positive bacteria (S.aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia). However, it is inactive against gram-negative bacteria. In other words, Lish-6 medicine inhibits the growth of methicillin-resistant and non-resistant S.aureus bacteria at a dose of 500 mg. It was also found to inhibit Streptococcus pneumonia at a dose of 250 mg. Conclusion Average lethal dose of Lish-6 was found to be LD50=0.92 (0.6-1.04) g/kg suggesting that it is slightly toxic animal. Lish-6 reduced acitic acid induced pain by 41.9-78.7% suggesting that it is pain relief effect. Lish-6 traditional drug has an antibacterial effect.

Background: In traditional medicine, the Shimshin-6 formulation, which consists of Rheum undulatum L., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Zingiber officinalie Roscoe, Saussurea Lappa C.B.Clark, Sal ammoniacum, Tronae veneni, is recommended for women experiencing menstrual retention disorders. In recent years, Shimshin-6 has been widely used to promote postpartum uterine involution for women and our study aimed to evaluate and determine the acute and chronic toxicity effects of Shimshin-6. Aim: To evaluate and substantiate the acute and chronic toxicity effects of Shimshin-6. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity of Shimshin-6 was evaluated using the rapid method described by V.B. Prozorovsky (1978) by administering intraperitoneal injections of the medicinal extract in white mice to determine the lethal dose. The active dose was determined following the methodology of I.P. Zapadnyuk (1983). Chronic toxicity was evaluated in Wistar rats according to the OECD 407 (2008) guidelines. The test animals were administered Shimshin-6 in tablet form (90 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg) and decoction form (tang) (162 mg/kg) daily for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical and complete blood analyses were conducted, along with histopathological examination of major organs. The study was conducted with ethical approval granted by the Ethics Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS) on October 25, 2024. Results: The LD50 for Shimshin-6 tablets was 4.47 (3.39–5.1) g/kg, indicating low acute toxicity based on the K.K. Sidorov classification. The LD50 for the decoction form was 8.1 (7.1–9.4) g/kg, suggesting it is non-toxic. Regarding chronic toxicity, platelet count was significantly reduced compared to the healthy control group: Shimshin-6 tablet group: 46% reduction at 90 mg/kg and 29.7% reduction at 180 mg/kg. Shimshin-6 decoction group: 60.5% reduction at 162 mg/ kg. Additionally, hemoglobin levels in the decoction group (162 mg/kg) decreased by 15.7% (p<0.05). Biochemical analysis showed a 36.3% reduction in total cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the tablet group (180 mg/kg) and decoction group (162 mg/kg) compared to the control (p<0.05). Conclusion Shimshin-6 tablets showed low acute toxicity in experimental mice. However, long-term administration may lead to a reduction in platelet count.

: The “Zidraga-6” prescription, which is widely used in traditional medicine, was selected and technologically developed, and formed into capsule medicine. Zidraga-6 capsule was prepared using six different herbal Capsicum annuum L. Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall ex, Atragene sibirica L, Embelia ribes Burm, Terminalia chebula Retz, and Kaempferia galanga L. Goal: This study was conducted to standardize and determine the safety and quality parameters of the Zidraga-6 capsule. Materials and Methods: Quality (moisture, total ash) and safety parameters were determined by Mongolian National First Pharmacopoeia methods. The content of the main biologically active compounds in the Zidraga-6 capsule was identified using TLC. In addition, the content of biologically active compounds is determined by UV spectrophotometer methods. The results were processed using basic biostatistical methods, calculating the arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (δ), and standard error (m) using the SPSS 20.0 program. The ethical approval for the study was obtained by a decision of the Ministry of Health - Medical Ethics Review Committee on research on May 23, 2023 (23/029). Results: The presence of p-methoxycinnamate, gallic acid, oleanolic acid, and capsaicin in the Zidraga-6 capsule drug was detected by the TLC method, and their Rf values were 0.26, 0.24, 0.82, and 0.45, respectively. The average weight of Zidraga-6 capsules was 0.4±0.019 g, moisture was 9.63±0.09%, disintegration was 6.48±0.37 minutes, dissolution was 94.68±2.85%. The content of methods biologically active compounds in the Zidarga-6 capsule was determined total triterpene saponins as 1.89±0.19% by UV spectrophotometric methods. Conclusion We determined quality and safety parameters of the Zidraga-6 capsule were defined and the Mongolian National Pharmacopoeia monograph’s draft for the Zidraga-6 capsule was developed.

Introduction: One of the main ingredients of Anar-5 tablets is Piper longium L. Piperine alkaloids are the main active ingredients of the Piper longum and have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and gastric protection properties.In the framework of the standardization study of Anar-5 tablets, a method was developed to determine the content of piperine in highly perpormance liquid chromatography, and then it was sought to include it in the method of analysis of Anar-5 drugs. Goal: Quantitative determination of piperine in Anar-5 tablets and validate the method Material and Methods: The research was conducted in the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Laboratory of the Research Center of the Institute of Traditional Medicine and Technology. And Anar-5 tablets (serial number 04012020) that are produced for experimental were used in the research. The standard substance, piperine alkaloids, was purchased from Green Chemistry.Purification of HPLC (organic solvent methanol, 99.9%, distilled water) was used. The EX 1600 HP/ PUMP high-performance liquid chromatography instrument (column Arcus EP+-C18, 5µm, 4.6x250 mm) and the organic solvent filter 0.45 μm syringe filter were used. The methodology related to this research was discussed and approved at the online meeting of the Ethics Committee of the Academy of Sciences on January 26, 2021. SPSS 16 software was used to statistically program the survey results. Results : According to the above method, the retention time of the standard piperine is 10.38± 0.02 minutes, and the retention time of the piperine in Anar-5 tablets is 10.42±0.033 minutes. Relative velocity deviation RSD 1.077%, accuracy 0.65446±0.0068mg, stability 0.61298±0.013mg, capture time 10.42±0.033 minutes, relative standard deviation RSD≤2%, specificity 10.35 minutes, The equation of a line constructed with a standard curve is y=43360x-33587 and the correlation coefficient R2=0.9989. The piperine content of Anar-5 tablets was determined to be 0.61298±0.013 mg. The LOD and LOQ for piperine were in 2.268 μg/ml and 6.873 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The content of piperine in Anar-5 tablets can be determined by the HPLC method, and the appropriate conditions for this method have been established. The HPLC method is unique, accurate, linear, and stable, and meets ICH Q2 (R1) guideline criteria.

Abstract: In recent years, the study of pharmacology and pharmaceutical formulation of traditional Mongolian medicine has been developing significantly. However, there are few research papers on Mongolian pharmacology and development of pharmaceutical formulation written by foreign researchers in ancient times. Therefore, the study was carried out to fill this “gap” and to clarify the ancient works of foreign researchers related to Mongolian pharmacology and development of pharmaceutical formulation. Purpose of the study: To chronologically identify the early works of foreign researchers on the study of pharmacology and pharmaceutical formulation of traditional Mongolian medicine. Research method: Hermeneutic approach, analysis of ancient textbook, and analysis and synthesis methods were used. Conclusion According to facts and eyewitnesses in the book of Zhouhou Beijifang (Emer- gency Prescriptions) by Ge Hong (261-341) of the Jin Dynasty, Jingui Yaolüe (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) by Chang Ji, the Northern Han Dynasty’s notes on “Xiongnu Doctors Carry Toxic Drugs”, Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh (Compendium of Chronicles) by Rashid-ad-Din, William de Rubruck’s “Journey to the Orient”, and book of Plano Carpini, an Italian tourist, the development of pharmacology and pharmaceuticals in traditional Mongolian medicine dates back to the Xiongnu period. Later, in the fourteenth century, it became an independent system of medical knowledge of many nations, as evidenced by the writings of Chinese, Persian, French, and Italian scholars as well as religious envoys.