The deficiency of fingers due to various reasons leads to a certain degree of loss of full or part hand functions. Physical and mental health of patients are seriously affected, and patients have varying degrees of reduced quality of life. Prosthesis fingers play an important role in completing the body shape and enhancing patients’ self-confidence and self-esteem. However, how to make prosthesis fingers perform coordinated movements and restore complete functions is a crucial problem that urgently needs to be solved. This paper reviews the methods of brain-computer interface controlled fine finger movements and elaborates on the origin, current situation, and advancements of the development of this technology, laying a foundation for subsequent research, with the expectation of helping patients solve the problems arising from the insufficiency or absence of finger functions.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM） is a myocardium-specific microvascular disease caused by diabetes mellitus that impairs the structure and function of the heart. It is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic individuals. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has extensive clinical experience and precise efficacy in treating DCM， and its multi-target， multi-pathway， multi-component， and low side effect approach can slow the progression of DCM and improve the symptoms while effectively dealing with the complexity and long-term nature of its pathological process. Many recent studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis accompanied by inflammatory response is one of the main types of myocardial injury in DCM， which promotes the development of DCM and is closely related to pathological changes such as oxidative stress， myocardial fibrosis， myocardial hypertrophy， and decreased cardiac function in the course of DCM. These findings also provide a theoretical foundation for future research into potential therapy techniques and intervention mechanisms for DCM. By searching and analyzing relevant literature from several databases， including CNKI， PubMed， Web of Science， Excerpt Medica， Science Direct， and Springer， this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of the effects of TCM and compounds in intervening in cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in DCM in recent years and explore the potential mechanisms. It also reveals the potential of effective components of TCM and compounds in preventing and controlling DCM from the standpoint of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and provides a new way of thinking and more experimental evidence for the clinical application of TCM in treating DCM.

As a common malignant tumor of the respiratory system， the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are still rising year by year. Its pathogenesis is complex， the prognosis is poor， and it seriously affects human physical and mental health. Although existing Western medical treatments can inhibit tumor growth to a certain extent and relieve patients' painful symptoms， problems such as postoperative recurrence and metastasis， numerous adverse reactions， and the tendency to develop drug resistance make the overall therapeutic effect unsatisfactory. Therefore， it is urgent to seek more efficient and safer treatments. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway can regulate the growth， differentiation， apoptosis， and autophagy of lung cancer cells， and is extensively involved in the occurrence and development of lung cancer， thus being regarded as an important target for anti-lung cancer therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） exerts anti-lung cancer effects through multiple pathways， mechanisms， and targets， with advantages such as preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis， alleviating the adverse reactions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy， and improving quality of life. TCM has therefore become a key approach in current anti-lung cancer treatment. Studies have found that active components of Chinese medicine， including flavonoids， saponins， polyphenols， and terpenes， as well as Chinese medicine compound prescriptions such as Guiqi Yiyuan extract， Qingzao Jiufei decoction， and Yiqi Fuzheng formula， have significant regulatory effects on AMPK and its interacting signaling pathways. These effects include inducing autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells， modulating macrophage polarization， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance， and blocking the cell cycle， thereby exerting anti-lung cancer activity. This article reviews and summarizes recent studies on the anti-lung cancer effects of TCM， and discusses the mechanisms by which TCM regulates the AMPK signaling pathway in the treatment of lung cancer， with the aim of providing ideas and references for the development of new clinical anti-lung cancer drugs.

As a common malignant tumor of the respiratory system， the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are still rising year by year. Its pathogenesis is complex， the prognosis is poor， and it seriously affects human physical and mental health. Although existing Western medical treatments can inhibit tumor growth to a certain extent and relieve patients' painful symptoms， problems such as postoperative recurrence and metastasis， numerous adverse reactions， and the tendency to develop drug resistance make the overall therapeutic effect unsatisfactory. Therefore， it is urgent to seek more efficient and safer treatments. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway can regulate the growth， differentiation， apoptosis， and autophagy of lung cancer cells， and is extensively involved in the occurrence and development of lung cancer， thus being regarded as an important target for anti-lung cancer therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） exerts anti-lung cancer effects through multiple pathways， mechanisms， and targets， with advantages such as preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis， alleviating the adverse reactions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy， and improving quality of life. TCM has therefore become a key approach in current anti-lung cancer treatment. Studies have found that active components of Chinese medicine， including flavonoids， saponins， polyphenols， and terpenes， as well as Chinese medicine compound prescriptions such as Guiqi Yiyuan extract， Qingzao Jiufei decoction， and Yiqi Fuzheng formula， have significant regulatory effects on AMPK and its interacting signaling pathways. These effects include inducing autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells， modulating macrophage polarization， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance， and blocking the cell cycle， thereby exerting anti-lung cancer activity. This article reviews and summarizes recent studies on the anti-lung cancer effects of TCM， and discusses the mechanisms by which TCM regulates the AMPK signaling pathway in the treatment of lung cancer， with the aim of providing ideas and references for the development of new clinical anti-lung cancer drugs.

AIM: To understand the publication status, research trends, and cutting-edge and hot topics in this field by conducting a bibliometrics analysis of relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in the past 30 a.METHODS:A total of 986 relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of POAG published on the core databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)from 1 September 1993 to 1 September 2023 were retrieved. CiteSpace(6.2.R.4)and VOSviewer(1.6.18)software were used to conduct knowledge graph analysis on the retrieved literature, including publication volume, author, research institution, country/region, and keywords.RESULTS:The United States(243 articles)has the highest number of publications, followed by China(121 articles). The foreign institution with the highest number of publications is Harvard University(37 articles), while domestic institutions such as Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, ophthalmology department of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, and Peking University First Hospital tied for the highest number of publications. Louis R. Pasquale(21 articles)is the most prolific English author. Wang Ningli is the most active Chinese researcher in this field. Keywords include trabecular meshwork, intraocular pressure, aqueous humor, glucocorticoid, hemorheology, etc.CONCLUSION: The research on the pathogenesis of POAG is in a period of vigorous development. The United States has the largest number of publications in this field, and Harvard University is a leading institution in this field. The research focus in the field of POAG has shifted from the structural aspect to the genetic level, and gene research and traditional Chinese medicine treatment have broad application prospects in this field.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of transarterial catheterization C-arm CT perfusion scanning technique during prostatic artery embolization(PAE)for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with BPH received PAE were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent prostatic artery(PA)digital subtraction angiography(DSA)and C-arm CT perfusion scanning to identify PA and prevent non-target organ embolization.The final recognization of PA was consulted by three senior doctors.After C-arm CT confirmation,PA was embolized with 100-300 μm polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)particles or microspheres under fluoroscopy.The postoperative complications and 3-month clinical efficacy were observed.Results A total of 106 vessels were angioraphed in 46 patients,with 83 PA vessels and 23 non-PA vessels.PA was identified by DSA and C-arm CT with sensitivity of 81.9%(68/83)and 100%(83/83),respectively,which showed significance(χ2=22.3,P<0.01).Non-PA was identified by DSA and C-arm CT with specificity of 73.9%(17/23)and 100%(23/23),which showed significance(χ2=9.2,P=0.02).No serious complications were observed and 3-month clincial efficacy was 91.3%.Conclusion Transarterial catheterization C-arm CT perfusion scanning technique can accurately identify PA,reduce PA leakage and prevent non-target organ embolization.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of microwave ablation(MWA)synchronously with biopsy for pulmonary nodules.Methods The data of 64 patients with MWA combined with biopsy were analyzed retrospectively.Thirty-one patients(non-synchronous group)were treated with ablation following biopsy in turn to identify malignant tumors,and 33 patients(synchronous group)were treated by ablation and biopsy synchronously.The technical success rate,operation time,complications,hospitalization time and expenses were compared between non-synchronous group and synchronous group.Results The technical success rate,pneumothorax,and pleural effusion rate showed no significance between the two groups(P>0.05).There were all significant differences in operation time(42.00 min vs 54.26 min),hospitalization time(5.09 days vs 9.26 days),hospitalization expenses(26 840.61 yuan vs 32 527.26 yuan),lung hemorrhage(27.27%vs 87.10%)and hemoptysis(3.03%vs 19.35%)between synchronous group and non-synchronous group,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion MWA synchronously with biopsy for pulmonary nodules is safe and feasible,which can reduce intraoperative bleeding,shorten treatment period and reduce hospitalization expenses.

BACKGROUND:MXene nanoparticles have considerable application prospects as effective functional components of skin wound dressings due to their unique properties of conductivity,hydrophilicity,antibacterial activity,and biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE:To review the synthesis methods,functional properties,and application of MXene nanoparticles in skin injury repair. METHODS:"MXene,nanoparticles,nanomaterials,bioactive nanoparticles","wound dressing,wound dressing,wound repair materials","wound repair,wound healing,wound surface"were used as Chinese search terms to search Wanfang and CNKI databases."MXene,nanoparticles,nano-materials,bioactive nanoparticles","wound dressing,wound healing material","wound healing,wound repair,wound"were used as English search terms to search the PubMed database.Finally,88 articles were included for review analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)MXene synthesis can be divided into two methods:bottom-up synthesis and top-down synthesis.The synthesized MXene can be further modified to enhance biocompatibility for better application in biomedicine.(2)MXene has a series of excellent properties such as hydrophilicity,antibacterial,photothermal properties,electrical conductivity,and good biocompatibility,all of which make it the basis for excellent skin repair materials.(3)At present,many scholars have developed new composite materials for wound dressings.Currently,these composite materials are based on MXene nanomaterials and make full use of its excellent characteristics as mentioned above,which play a role in local skin wound sterilization,drug delivery,and sustained release,active regulation of cytokines,and can integrate the advantages of other biologically active agents.It plays a better role in wound healing,especially in the treatment of complex chronic wounds.(4)Various composite materials such as MXene@PVA hydrogel and MXene@CH sponge developed based on various properties of MXene have shown good effects on improving tissue repair performance and repairing skin damage as drug carriers.It shows that MXenes nanoparticles are in the initial stage of development and have great prospects in the field of promoting skin repair.The characteristics and surface modification of MXenes nanoparticles have been well studied,but the molecular mechanism of dose-dependent biotoxicity is relatively incomplete.

Objective:To evaluate the objective response rate (ORR) of induction chemoimmunotherapy with camrelizumab plus TPF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine) for locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LA HSCC) and potential predictive factors for ORR.Methods:A single-center, prospective, phase 2 and single-arm trial was conducted for evaluating antitumor activity of camrelizumab+TPF(docetaxel+cisplatin+capecitabine) for LA HSCC between May 21, 2021 and April 15, 2023, patients admitted to the Eye & ENT Hospital affiliated with Fudan University. The primary endpoint was ORR, and enrolled patients with LA HSCC at T3-4N0-3M0 received induction chemoimmunotherapy for three cycles: camrelizumab 200 mg day 1, docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 day 1, cisplatin 25 mg/m 2 days 1-3, and capecitabine 800 mg/m 2 days 1-14. Patients were assigned to radioimmunotherapy when they had complete response or partial response (PR)>70% (Group A), or assigned to surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy when they had PR≤70% (Group B), and the responses were defined by using tumor volume evaluation system. Tumor diameter was also used to assess the treatment responses by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Use SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results:A total of 51 patients were enrolled who underwent the induced chemoimmunotherapy for three cycles, and all were males, aged 35-69 years old. After three cycles of induction immunochemotherapy, 42 (82.4%) patients existed in Group A (complete response or PR>70%) and 9 patients (17.6%) in Group B (PR≤70%), the ORR was 82.4%. The primary endpoint achieved expected main research objectives. Compared to the patients of Group A, the patients of Group B showed the higher T stage and the larger volume of primary tumor before induced immunochemotherapy, and also had the less regression of tumor volume after induced immunochemotherapy (all P<0.05). The optimal cutoff value of pre-treatment tumor volume for predicting ORR was 39 cm 3. The T stage ( OR=12.71, 95% CI: 1.4-112.5, P=0.022) and the volume ( OR=7.1, 95% CI: 1.4-36.8, P=0.018) of primary tumor were the two main factors affecting ORR rate of induction chemoimmunotherapy. Conclusion:The induction chemoimmunotherapy with camrelizumab plus TPF shows an encouraging antitumor efficacy in LA HSCC.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of elderly patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF)and the risk factors affecting the short-term prognosis of patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 417 patients with HBV-ACLF who were admitted to The General Hospital of Western Theater Command from January 2015 to January 2023,and related clinical data were collected,including general status,routine blood test results,biochemical parameters,and conditions of liver cirrhosis and decompensated events(ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,and their severities).The patients were followed up to observe 90-day survival.According to the age,the patients were divided into elderly group(with 106 patients aged≥60 years)and non-elderly group(with 311 patients aged＜60 years),and according to the 90-day survival,the elderly group were further divided into survival group with 41 patients and death/transplantation group with 65 patients.The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of quantitative data between two groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of qualitative data between two groups.The binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors for the risk of death within 90 days in elderly patients with HBV-ACLF,and a nomogram model was constructed for predicting the risk of death.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to investigate the value of the model in predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients in both the training set and the validation set.Calibration curve and decision curve were plotted for the models constructed in the training set and the validation set,and the model was assessed in terms of the degree of fitness and predicting benefits.Results The elderly patients had a significantly higher 90-day mortality rate than the non-elderly patients(P＜0.05),and compared with the non-elderly group,the elderly group had significantly higher incidence rate in female individuals,basic incidence rate of liver cirrhosis,incidence rate and grade of hepatic encephalopathy,incidence rate of ascites,and liver fibrosis markers(aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis-4)(all P＜0.05),as well as significantly lower total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,albumin,alpha-fetoprotein,and lymphocytes(all P＜0.05).As for the elderly patients with HBV-ACLF,there were significant differences between the survival group and the death/transplantation group in total cholesterol,total bilirubin,international normalized ratio(INR),alpha-fetoprotein,platelet,creatinine,serum sodium,monocytes,and the incidence rate and grade of hepatic encephalopathy(all P＜0.05).In addition,the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that INR(odds ratio[OR]=11.351,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.942-66.362,P＜0.05),monocyte count(OR=23.636,95%CI:1.388-402.529,P＜0.05),total bilirubin(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.001-1.013,P＜0.05),and platelet count(OR=0.968,95%CI:0.945-0.993,P＜0.05)were independent influencing factors for the 90-day prognosis of elderly patients with HBV-ACLF,and the nomogram model constructed based on these factors had a relatively high predictive value,with an area under the ROC curve of 0.915,a sensitivity of 88.0%,and a specificity of 86.7%.The nomogram model showed relatively high efficiency and degree of fitness in the verification set,and the decision curve suggested that the model had good benefits,with a higher prediction efficiency compared with the commonly used prediction models such as MELD score and COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ score.Conclusion Elderly HBV-ACLF patients may have a high short-term mortality rate due to the reductions in liver synthesis,reserve function,and regenerative ability and immune dysfunction.INR,monocyte count,total bilirubin,and platelet count have a relatively high value in predicting the risk of death in elderly HBV-ACLF patients,and the nomogram model constructed based on these factors has a relatively high prediction efficiency.