As an assistive device to restore lower limb athletic ability,human lower limb rehabilitation robots are becoming increasingly important in the field of rehabilitation and clinical applications.With the advancement of science and technology,both domestic and foreign research in this field has been developed.This study provides a detailed overview of the development of lower limb rehabilitation robots and reviews the current status of clinical applications,with a focus on mechanism research,from the perspectives of degrees of freedom,workspace,singularity,gait simulation,kinematic simulation and human-robot interaction,etc.The results show that domestic research on lower limb rehabilitation robots focus on the design and optimization of the mechanism configuration,while foreign research focus on the improvement and innovation of the control system and training mode based on human-computer interaction.Finally,the current state of research is combined with an outlook on future trends.

Objective:To explore the application value of histogram and texture feature analysis based on CT images in distinguishing long bone osteosarcoma (OS) from Ewing sarcoma (ES).Methods:A retrospective collection of 25 patients with long bone osteosarcoma and 25 patients with Ewing sarcoma confirmed by surgery and pathology in National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, from March 2018 to May 2023 was conducted. All patients were randomly divided into a training set (21 cases of OS and 19 cases of ES) and a validation set (4 cases of OS and 6 cases of ES) in an 8∶2 ratio. The region of interest (ROI) on CT images to extract texture feature parameters was manually sketched. Random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm were used for feature screening. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers were used to establish models respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was drawn and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the four models.Results:A total of 100 texture parameters were extracted from CT images, and 8 feature parameters (maximum 3D diameter, 10th percentile, kurtosis, maximum pixel intensity value, inverse normalization, grayscale level variance, long range high grayscale emphasis, and low grayscale area emphasis) were obtained through screening. Four classifiers were used to establish models, and the AUC values of the four models (LR, RF, SVM, KNN) in the validation group were 0.92, 0.79, 0.83, and 0.73, respectively. LR and SVM classifier algorithm trains models had high diagnostic efficiency, with an accuracy of 90%, sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 100%, and AUC of 92% for the LR classifier validation set; the accuracy of SVM classifier validation set was 80%, sensitivity was 67%, specificity was 100%, and AUC was 83%.Conclusions:LR and SVM models have high value in distinguishing OS and ES.

Objective:To investigate the effects of TRIB3 activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on the growth and pro-liferation of laryngeal carcinoma TU686 cells in vitro and expression of peripheral immunosuppressive molecules in transplanted mice.Methods:Protein and RNA expressions of TRIB3 were detected in vitro cells(human immortalized epidermal cell line HaCat and laryngeal carcinoma cell line TU686)and tissues(laryngeal carcinoma and adjacent tissues),respectively.Laryngeal carcinoma TU686 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into negative control group(NC group)and TRIB3 knockdown group(sh-TRIB3 group),total protein and RNA of cells were extracted to verify the expression level of TRIB3 in two groups.After successful verifica-tion,proliferation ability of TU686 cells was detected by CCK-8,colony cloning and flow cytometry.Protein expression levels of Wnt,Cyclin-D1,C-myc,β-catenin and p-β-catenin in two groups were detected by Western blot.Correlation analysis verified the correla-tion between TRIB3 and Wnt,Cyclin-D1,C-myc,β-catenin,p-β-catenin protein expressions.TRIB3-low expressing nude mouse transplanted tumor model(TRIB3 sgRNA group)was constructed by knockdown the TRIB3 core plasmid,and a parallel control group(Control sgRNA group)was set up,tumor growth volume and weight were observed,and serum immunosuppressive molecules expres-sions was determined by ELISA.Results:Compared with HaCat cells and normal paracarcinoma tissues,TRIB3 was highly expressed in TU686 cells and laryngeal carcinoma tissues.Compared with negative control group,proliferation ability of TU686 cells was signifi-cantly inhibited after TRIB3 knockdown,and cell growth was blocked in G1/S phase.Expressions of Wnt,Cyclin-D1,C-myc andβ-catenin protein in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were decreased significantly,while expression of p-β-catenin was increased significantly.TRIB3 was significantly correlated with protein expression levels of Wnt,Cyclin-D1,β-catenin and p-β-catenin.The in vivo results showed that compared with Control sgRNA group,tumor growth volume and weight of mice in TRIB3 sgRNA group were significantly decreased,and expressions of serum immunosuppressive molecules IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β and PGE2 were signifi-cantly decreased.Conclusion:TRIB3 is highly expressed in TU686 cells,and TRIB3 can inhibit growth and proliferation of TU686 cells and transplanted tumors by activating Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling pathways,and reverse tumor immunosuppressive microen-vironment,suggesting that TRIB3 may be an effective target for laryngeal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the current management of nosocomial infection at medical institutions of all levels in Changzhou, so as to provide basis for standardizing nosocomial infections control of hospitals within a medical alliance.Methods:An electronic questionnaire was customized for online survey of 91 hospitals affiliated to eight regional medical alliances in Changzhou city in March 2019. The survey covered such aspects as general conditions of the hospital, profile of nosocomial infection control administrators and other staffing, supervision of hospital nosocomial infection programs, and training needs, as well as outstanding problems and suggestions.Frequency number and percentage represent enumeration data, and χ2 test was used to analyze the in-group differences of medical institutions of three levels. Results:Tertiary public hospitals were superior to the secondary and primary hospitals in organizational structure, professional staffing and target monitoring, with the differences of statistical significance( P<0.05). The most urgent training needs of medical institutions at all levels were knowledge in determination and reporting of infectious diseases/nosocomial infection/infection outbreaks; top imperatives and recommendations were development of operation rules for primary medical institutions and standardization of workflows. Conclusions:Staff of primary medical institutions need capacity building in nosocomial infection control; primary hospitals are equipped with incomplete nosocomial infection control information platform; key departments in general lack homogenous management. Tertiary hospitals are encouraged to play leadership in medical alliances in achieving standardized, homogenous and informationized nosocomial infection control within the medical alliances.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma which often occurs in children. The cure rate of BL is significantly increased with the wide application of short-duration and high-intensity immunochemotherapy, however, chemotherapy-related adverse reactions are still a big problem in adult patients and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. Meanwhile, the absence of effective immune targeting new drugs in patients with relapsed and refractory BL needs to be solved clinically. How to optimize the therapeutic regimen to reduce the chemotherapy-related adverse reactions and develop effective immune targeting new drugs is the hot spot in current research. This paper reviews the treatment progress of BL according to the 59th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.

Objective:To explore the expression and biological functions of miR-346 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:63 cases nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and 34 cases nasopharyngeal non-cancer tissues were collected,the miR-346 expression were detected by Real-time PCR between nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and nasopharyngeal non-cancer tissues,6 strains of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and 1 strain of normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell immortalized NP69.Two cell lines with middle expression levels in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells lines were selected,and transfected into miR-346 inhibitor,the control group (NC group) were with negative control plasmid transfection,miR-346 expression in two groups were detected by Real-time PCR,the proliferation,apoptosis were detected by Brdu-ELISA and flow cytometry,the migration and invasion were detected by Transwell Chambers experiments.Results:Compared with the nasopharyngeal non-cancer tissues,the miR-346 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was significantly increased (P =0.000);compared with the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells NP69.the miR-346 expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The CNE-1 and CNE-2 were chose,after the miR-346 inhibitor transfection,the miR-346 expression were significantly lower compared with NC group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The proliferation of two kinds of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-1 and CNE-2 were restrained after transfection,the difference showed statistically significant 3 days after transfection (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis increased significantly,and the migration cell numbers and invasion cell numbers decreased significantly compared with NC group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion:miR-346 is overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,down-regu-lation of miR-346 inhibits the proliferation,migration,invasion,promotes the apoptosis,miR-346 may act as a oncogene and play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-100 on the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 and CFPAC-1 cells through targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3).Methods miR-100 expression levels in 17 cancer tissues and 17 nonmalignant tissues were examined by Real-time PCR.The effect of miR-100 overexpression on cell proliferation was examined by CCK-8 assay in vitro.Luciferase assay was used to confirm that miR-100 could directly target FGFR3.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of FGFR3 in miR-100 overexpressing pancreatic cancer cells.The predicted target gene of miR-100,FGFR3,was downregulated by siRNA,and its effect on cell proliferation was also examined.Cell proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 and Edu assay.Results miR-100 was lowly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues (P ＜ 0.05).In pancreatic cancer cells,the transfection of lv-miR-100 was able to upregulate the endogenous expression of miR-100 and inhibit the cell proliferation (P ＜0.05).Luciferase assay showed FGFR3 was the direct target of miR-1O0.FGFR3 was significantly downregulated by overexpressing miR-100 in pancreatic cancer cells (P ＜0.05),and FGFR3 knockdown by specific siRNA exerted the similar effect as miR-100 overexpression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Our study identified a new miRNA regulator,miR-100,and clarified a novel mechanism of how miR-100 regulates cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer.The strategy of overexpressing the tumor suppressor miR-100 may provide a new therapeutic approach for treating patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To investigate the expression and biological significance of MicroRNA-204 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: qRT-PCR was applied to detect the relative expression of miR-204 in 43 paired nasopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison to the normal nasal mucosa tissues. Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the miR-204 expression and clinical features. The expressions of Bcl-2 and SIRT1 were measured by immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) , Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between miR-204 and Bcl-2,as well as SIRT1. We then transfected the miR-204 mimics into CNE-2 cells,then the Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and SIRT1,which were considered as the potential targets of miR-204. Results:The relative expressions of miR-204 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues compared to those of the matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues(P<0. 05). Low expression of miR-204 was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis(P<0. 05) and advanced TNM stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳ,P<0. 05). The expressions of Bcl-2 and Sirt1 in lower miR-204 level group were both higher than in higher miR-204 level group ( P<0. 05 ) . Both the mRNA and protin expression in CNE-2 cells were down-regulated after transfection. Conclusion: Low expression of miR-204 is related to the malignant clinicopathological features in NPC tissues,and miR-204 may through down-regulate Bcl-2 and SIRT1 to suppress NPC genesis and development.

ObjectiveTo understand the difference in characteristics between juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and adult dermatomyositis (ADM).Methods Sixty-one cases of JDM were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 30 cases of ADM. Results The rashes were presented as the initial symptom in all expect one JDM patients. Gottron’s papules were presented in 90% JDM patients and 67% ADM patients. Calcium deposition was presented in 7% JDM patients and none of the ADM patients. The cardiovascular system was involved in 7 % JDM patients and 23% ADM patients. Cancer occurred in none of JDM patients and 13% ADM patients. In JDM and ADM patients, the ratio of elevated muscle enzymes from highest to lowest was LDH, hy-droxybutyric acid enzyme, CK-MB, AST, and CK. The positive ratio of magnetic resonance (MRI) all exceeded 80% in JDM and ADM groups. Two cases died in each group.Conclusions The clinical presentation of JDM is basically the same as that of ADM. The most common initial symptoms in JDM are skin rashes and Gottron's papules. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are less in JDM than in ADM. MRI is valuable in the diagnosis of DM.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of expression of microRNA-100 in the tissues of pancreatic cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological factor.Methods The clinical data of 17 patients with pancreatic cancer who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between January 2013 and March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The surgical specimens were collected for study.The expression of microRNA-100 in the pancreatic tissues were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and its relationship with clinicopathological factors was analyzed.The MIA PaCa-2 cells and CFPAC-1 cells were infected by lv-microRNA-100.MIA PaCa-2 cells were divided into the M group (microRNA-100 were infected) and N group (empty vectors were infected),and CFPAC-1 cells were divided into the C group (microRNA-100 were infected) and D group (empty vectors were infected).The expressions of microRNA-100 in the CFPAC-1 cells and MIA PaCa-2 cells were detected by RT-PCR and cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of Cyclin D1 protein in the CFPAC-1 cells and MIA PaCa-2 cells were detected by Western blot.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as (x) ± s and comparison among groups were done by t test.Results The results of RT-PCR showed that the relative quantitative expression of microRNA-100 in the pancreatic cancer tissues was 0.046 ± 0.020,which was significantly different from 0.097 ± 0.017 in the adjacent tissues (t =2.789,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences between the tumor differentiation degree and tumor staging in patients with pancreatic cancer (t =2.563,2.135,P ＜0.05).The results of RT-PCR showed that the relative quantitative expression of microRNA-100 in the M group was 0.097 ±0.012,which was significantly higher than 0.018 ± 0.006 in the N group (t =4.410,P ＜ 0.05).The relative quantitative expression of microRNA-100 in the C group was 0.084 ± 0.021,which was significantly higher than 0.023 ± 0.010 in the D group (t =5.351,P ＜ 0.05).The results of flow cytometry showed that the percentage of cells between G0-G1 were 45.3％ ±0.7％ in the M group and 30.6％ ±0.7％ in the N group,with a significant difference (t =5.564,P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of cells between G0-G1 were 58.8％ ± 1.0％ in the C group and 42.6％ ± 0.7％ in the D group,with a significant difference (t =7.771,P ＜ 0.05).The results of Western blot showed that the relative quantitative expression of Cyclin D1 protein were 0.352 ± 0.081 in the M group and 0.872 ± 0.134 in the N group,with a significant difference (t =7.651,P ＜ 0.05).The relative quantitative expression of Cyclin D1 protein was 0.410 ± 0.121 in the C group,which was significantly different from 0.979 ± 0.232 in the D group (t =8.712,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Low expression of microRNA-100 in pancreatic cancer tissues may be correlated with tumor differentiation degree and tumor staging,it can inhibit tumor cells proliferation by reducing expression of Cyclin D1 protein.