BACKGROUND:How to repair bone defect has been a clinical problem for a long time.The effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have good biological activity and therapeutic effect,and the combination of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and tissue engineering materials has a broad prospect in the field of bone repair.The combination of different effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds has similarities in their functional relationships. OBJECTIVE:To collect the cases of the combinations of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and scaffolds,then analogize tissue engineering scaffolds and effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine into two types of traditional Chinese medicine that generate compatibility relationships based on the inspiration of the compatibility of seven emotions and summarize the relationship between the two based on their functional relationships. METHODS:Relevant articles from January 1998 to January 2024 were searched in PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),using English search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone defect,bone repair,bone tissue engineering,tissue engineering,scaffold"and Chinese search terms"traditional Chinese medicine,effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone tissue engineering,bone tissue engineering scaffold,scaffold,tissue engineering,bone defect,bone repair."A total of 88 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Both tissue engineering scaffold materials and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in the field of bone repair.Although they have obvious advantages in osteogenesis,there are still many shortcomings.Many studies are dedicated to preparing composite materials from the two,hoping to exert a detoxification and synergism through the interaction between the two.(2)Some drugs and materials can promote each other in osteogenesis,antibacterial,and promoting angiogenesis,enhancing their original effects.Inspired by the traditional concept of prescription compatibility,this article summarized it as a"Mutual promotion"relationship and provided examples to support it.(3)Some drugs can enhance the strength of materials,while some materials can achieve sustained release and controlled release effects,increase drug loading and stability,or achieve targeted delivery of drugs loaded on them.The article summarized this unilateral enhancement effect as a"Mutual assistance"relationship.(4)The combination of some traditional Chinese medicine and materials can reduce the toxic side effects of the other party.The article summarizes this detoxification relationship as"Mutual restraint and detoxification."(5)The article provided a new perspective on traditional Chinese medicine composite scaffolds,inspired by the seven emotions compatibility relationship and based on the classification of action relationships.It introduced traditional Chinese medicine concepts into the field of tissue engineering,providing new research ideas for subsequent researchers of composite scaffolds,and providing certain convenience in material selection and matching.

Objective:To analyze the causal relationship between gut microbiota and gestational diabetes,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was conducted by using summary data from genome-wide association study(GWAS)for gut microbiota and gestational diabetes.The GWAS data of gut microbiota were obtained from a GWAS study from the MiBioGen consortium;the GWAS data on gestational diabetes were sourced from the FinnGen consortium's publicly available R8 dataset;inverse variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the primary method to detect the causal association between the gut microbiota and the gestational diabetes.Sensitivity analysis was performed by Weighted Median and MR Egger methods;heterogeneity and pleiotropy were detected by Cochran's Q,MR-PRESSO,Egger intercept tests and Leave-One-Out analysis;multivariable MR was used to adjust for the effect of body mass index(BMI);reverse MR was used to explore the presence of reverse causal associations;Gene Ontology(GO)fuctional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling enrichment analyses were used to explore the potential pathways through which gut microbiota may have impact on gestational diabetes.Results:Four gut microbes were found to be causally associated with gestational diabetes:the genus Methanobrevibacter and the phylum Euryarchaeota displayed negative causal relationships with the risk of gestational diabetes,while the genus Olsenella and genus Lachnoclostridium exhibited positive causal associations.No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected in the analysis.The reverse MR analysis did not reveal any causal relationship.After adjusting for BMI,the multivariable MR analysis results showed there were the causal associations between the genus Olsenella and the phylum Euryarchaeota with the risk of gestational diabetes.The GO fuctional and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analyses results showed that axon development,axon production,insulin secretion and other pathways were significantly enriched.Conclusion:There are causal associations between four gut microbes and gestational diabetes.Among them,the significant correlations with gestational diabetes are still observed in phylum Euryarchaeota and genus Olsenella after adjusting for BMI.

Objective To explore the effects of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)NK2 homeobox 1-antisense RNA 1(NK2-1-AS1),which mediates the microRNA(miR)-96-5p/PR domain-containing protein 16(PRDM16)axis,on anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and transplanted tumor growth in vivo.Methods The differentially expressed lncRNA NKX2-1-AS1 in ATC tissues and cells,its target miRNA miR-96-5p,and its downstream target gene PRDM16 were screened using a bioinformatics analysis.The dual-luciferase reporter assay validated the relationship between NKX2-1-AS1 and miR-96-5p as well as the connection between miR-96-5p and PRDM16.Western blotting was performed to detect the effect of miR-96-5p overexpression on PRDM16 in CAL-62 cells overexpressed with NKX2-1-AS1.Plate clone formation,scratch,and Transwell assays were used to detect the effects of PRDM16knockdown on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of CAL-62 cells overexpressing NKX2-1-AS1.CAL-62 cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice and the effect was observed of PRDM16knockdown on the growth of transplanted tumors of CAL-62 cells overexpressing NKX2-1-AS1.Results The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the NK2-1-AS1/miR-96-5p/PRDM16 axis was involved in regulating ATC development.The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that NKX2-1-AS1 bound to miR-96-5p and miR-96-5p bound to PRDM16.NKX2-1-AS1 overexpression upregulated PRDM16 protein expression in CAL-62 cells,while miR-96-5p overexpression reversed this phenomenon.NKX2-1-AS1 overexpression inhibited CAL-62 cellular proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and transplanted tumor growth in vivo,while knocking down PRDM16 reversed these phenomena.Conclusion NK2-1-AS1 may compete with miR-96-5p as an endogenous RNA to bind to its downstream target gene,PRDM16,and upregulate its expression,thus inhibiting ATC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and transplanted tumor growth in vivo.

Objective To explore the effect of transcription factor E2F7 on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and tumor growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)cells in vitro and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods Lentivirus transfection was used for a stable E2F7 knockdown in CAL-62 cells,and real-time PCR was used to detect E2F7 expression in these cells to verify the trans-fection efficiency.CAL-62 cells were divided into sh-NC and sh-E2F7 groups,and cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay,whereas cell migration and invasion abilities were measured using the Transwell assay.CAL-62 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to observe tumor growth.The EPD website predicted an E2F7 binding site on the CXCL5 promoter,and the dual-lucif-erase reporter gene assay measured the effect of E2F7 knockdown on the luciferase activity of the CXCL5 promoter.The impact of E2F7 knockdown on CXCL5 levels in CAL-62 cells was assessed through real-time PCR and ELISA.Further,CAL-62 cells were divided into sh-E2F7+vector and sh-E2F7+CXCL5 groups to study the effects of CXCL5 overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and the CXCR2/ERK signaling pathway following E2F7 knockdown.Results E2F7 knockdown inhibited CAL-62 cell proliferation,migra-tion,and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.The CXCL5 promoter has an E2F7 binding site,and E2F7 knockdown reduced the luciferase activity of the CXCL5 promoter.CXCL5 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of E2F7 knockdown on cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and the CXCR2/ERK signaling pathway in CAL-62 cells.Conclusion E2F7 promotes ATC cell proliferation,migra-tion,invasion,and tumor growth in vitro by activating the CXCL5/CXCR2/ERK signaling pathway mediated by CXCL5 transcription.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC)is the most aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis.The pathogenesis of ATC is complex,and there is no effective treatment at present.In recent years,with the deep understanding of the genetic(such as BRAF V600E,TP53,TERT,PIK3CA mutations,etc.)and epigenetic(such as histone methylation,histone deacetylation,microRNA regulatory pathways,etc.)changes driving ATC,molecular targeted therapy has brought new hope to ATC patients.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of ATC and the latest achievements in targeted therapy and other therapies.

Objective:To investigate the expression of HBB in anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)cells and its regulatory effect on proliferation,invasion,migration and apoptosis of ATC cells and its potential mechanism.Methods:The expression of HBB in thyroid cancer and paracancerous tissues was analyzed through TIMER database.The correlation between the expression of HBB and the overall survival time of thyroid cancer patients was analyzed through KM-plotter database.The expression of HBB mRNA in ATC cells was detected by RT-qPCR.The HBB knockout or overexpression plasmid was transfected into ATC cells.The expression of HBB protein was detected by Western blot.The proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 assay.The migration and invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay.The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of β-catenin was detected by Western blot.Results:The expression of HBB was low in thyroid cancer,and the overall survival time of patients with high expression of HBB was high.The expression of HBB protein was down-regulated in ATC cells.Knockout of HBB increased the ability of proliferation,migration and invasion of ATC cells and the expression of β-catenin protein,and inhibited apoptosis.However,overexpression of HBB decreased the ability of proliferation,migration and invasion of ATC cells and the expression of β-catenin protein,and promoted apoptosis.Conclusions:High HBB expression is associated with higher overall survival in patients with thyroid cancer.It may inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of ATC cells and promote apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) during the autumn-winter season in Beijing, providing evidence for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of ARIs.

Objective:To investigate the effect of phacoemulsification using different corneal micro-incision sizes on the postoperative corneal healing.Methods:A non-random controlled study was performed.Seventy-six patients (76 eyes) with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification and cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in Yanbian University Hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were enrolled.The subjects were divided into 2.2 mm incision group (37 eyes) and 1.8 mm incision group (39 eyes) according to corneal incision size.The intraoperative cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and ultrasound time of the two groups were measured and compared.The corneal incision structure and corneal thickness of operative eyes were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography before surgery and at postoperative 1 day, 1 week and 1 month.The corneal endothelial cells count, the central corneal thickness (CCT), and the corneal volume in the central corneal diameters of 3.0 mm (CV3) and 10.0 mm (CV10) were measured by Pentacam.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Yanbian University Hospital (No.2015153), and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before surgery.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the corneal endothelial cells count, CCT, CV3, CV10, and corneal thickness at epithelial side of the incision between pre-operation and post-operation in each group ( Ftime=17.717, 67.356, 17.577, 13.559, 80.076; all at P<0.01).But there was no statistically significant difference in the indexes between the two groups ( Fgroup=0.788, 0.706, 3.692, 4.341, 4.182; all at P>0.05).The number of corneal endothelial cells in the two groups was gradually decreased after surgery, and was significantly reduced at one month after surgery in comparison with the pre-operation, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05).At 1 day after surgery, the CCT, CV3, CV10, and corneal thickness at epithelial side of the incision in the two groups were increased significantly in comparison with the pre-operation and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05), and the differences were not statistically significant between preoperative and postoperative 1 week or 1 month (all at P>0.05).With time going by, the indexes were back to normal gradually.The incidence of endothelial gaping and dislocation at the corneal incision in the 1.8 mm incision group was 12.8% (5/39) and 5.1% (2/39), which were significantly higher than 0.0% (0/37) and 2.7% (1/37) in the 2.2 mm incision group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=5.078, P=0.024; χ2=0.295, P=0.590).At 1 day after surgery, corneal thickness at the endothelial side in the 1.8 mm incision group was significantly thicker than that in the 2.2 mm incision group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.042), and the corneal thickness at endothelial side of the incision was positively correlated with CDE in the two groups ( r=0.231, P=0.025; r=0.347, P=0.003). Conclusions:Compared with 2.2 mm incision, 1.8 mm corneal incision results in higher incidence of endothelial gaping and dislocation at the corneal incision, greater corneal thickness at endothelial side of the incision and slower recovery.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of rapamycin inhibiting the differentiation and proliferation of newborn porcine pancreatic adult stem cells, and to explore the therapeutic methods that may effectively reduce the side effects of rapamycin. Method Porcine NPCCs were treated with rapamycin alone or in combination with IGF-Ⅱ, and the caspase-3 and [ 3 H ]-thymidine uptake assays were performed to detect apoptosis and proliferation. The expression of insulin, PDX-1, NeuroD/Beta2, and Foxo1, a downstream transcription factor of IGF-Ⅱ, were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot to evaluate the differentiation ability of pancreatic adult stem cells. Results The NPCCs treated with rapamycin inhibited the proliferation ofβ-cells, increased apoptosis, reduced insulin secretion, inhibited the expression of PDX-1 and NeuroD/Beta2, and decreased the expression of IGF-Ⅱ. Foxo1 expression and induction of Foxo1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the ectopic. The combined treatment of rapamycin and IGF-Ⅱcan reduce the side effects of rapamycin, inhibit the decrease ofβ-cell number and insulin content, repair the expression of insulin, PDX-1, NeuroD/Beta2, inhibit Foxo1 expression and intracellular ectopic. Conclusion Aberrant expression of IGF-Ⅱ and Foxol genes is the key inducing factor of rapamycin inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of NPCCs, and IGF-Ⅱtreatment can effectively reduce the side effects of rapamycin on NPCCs differentiation.

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is rare,and surgical treatment is currently considered as the most effective treatment.Whether resectional surgery should be carried out on these patients remains controversial.Therefore,this Meta-analysis aimed to find out the long-term survival after resectional surgical treatment.Methods We conducted a literature search on PubMed,Embase and Web of Science from inception to September 2016.11 studies were included which involved 5295 patients.Each study was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The pooled effect was calculated and the associations between BDTT and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS)were reevaluated using Meta-analysis with hazard ratio (HR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results The HR for OS and DFS was 2.34 and 1.81,the 95％ CI were 1.26 ～ 4.36 and 1.17 ～ 2.78,respectively.Conclusion HCC patients with BDTT had a bad prognosis after hepatic resection or liver transplantation.