Objective To investigate the risk factors for pediatric acute perforation appendicitis,and to construct a nomogram predictive model and conduct the verification.Methods A total of 426 children patients with appendectomy in this hospital from June 30,2020 to June 30,2022 were selected as the study subjects 340 children with acute appendicitis admitted to the hospital from 30 June 2020 to 28 February 2022 were the training set and 86 children patients with appendicitis hospitalized in this hospital from March 1,2022 to June 30,2022 conducted the external validation(verification set).The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the independent risk factors of pediatric acute perforation appendicitis.The nomograms predictive model was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibra-tion curve were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the model.The decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to evaluate the application value of the model.Results Of the 426 children,198 were perforated and 228 were not perforated.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that elevated C-reac-tive protein(CRP),presence of stercorolith in appendiceal cavity,time of onset to visiting hospital ≥2 d and body temperature ≥37.3 ℃ were the independent risk factors for pediatric acute perforation appendicitis(P＜0.05).The Hosmer-Lemeshow test demonstrated that the nomogram predictive model had good fitting(P=0.869),and the area under the curve(AUC)for the training and validation sets were 0.808 and 0.860 respectively,showing the good predictive ability of the model.The calibration curve closely approach the ideal diagonal.The model showed good discrimination,consistency and accuracy.The DC A revealed that the curve was far away from oblique and horizontal lines,and the model had good clinical practicability.Conclusion The constructed nomogram model of pediatric acute perforation appendicitis has good predictive ability and may help clinic to identify as early as possible.

Objective To evaluate the physical activities of the patients under haemodialysis(HD)with triaxial accelerometers so as to provide data for development of interventional exercise programs for the HD patients.Methods A total of 38 patients who underwent HD in our hospital between March 2021 and July 2021 were included in the study group.Further 38 healthy subjects without chronic disease with matched gender and age to the HD patients in the study group,were recruited from local communities as a control group.The subjects in both groups were asked to wear an Altigraph GT3X+ accelerometer on waist after getting up in the morning for 12 hours a day for 7 consecutive days.The average number of steps and the standard rate of exercise time in the 7 days were compared between the groups.Durations of the exercises,standing,walking,sitting,and lying down were also compared between the groups.Results Both groups had completed the study.The number of daily steps in the HD group was found significantly lower than that in the control group(5684.3±1238.5 step/day vs.8792.2±2870.8 step/day,P<0.001).The rate of sedentariness in the HD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(47.4%vs.10.5%,P<0.001).In comparison with the control group,HD patients spent more time for lying down per day(195.6±77.8 min/day vs.47.8±15.5 min/day,P<0.001)and sitting(369.3±79.8 min/day vs.301.2±77.1 min/day,P<0.001).For intragroup comparison,on the days of dialysis,the HD patients spent more time for lying down[250.1±71.1 min/day vs.152.1±40.6 min/day,P<0.001],sitting(371.2±76.9 min/day vs.332.2±88.6 min/day,P<0.05)and with less walking(4362.3±1084.5 steps/day vs.7007.6±2437.8 steps/day,P<0.001),in comparison with those on the non-dialysis days.Conclusions HD patients spend less time on physical activities,but more time on sitting and lying down.The situation is even worse on the days of dialysis treatment.The HD patients should be advised and encouraged to take more physical activities.

Objective: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is mainly synthesized in the liver. So far, it is unknown the relationship among APOE gene polymorphisms and WML, brain atrophy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the associations of APOE gene polymorphisms in patients with WML and brain atrophy. Methods: A total of 58 patients with WML, 128 patients with brain atrophy, 112 patients with co-occurrence of WML and brain atrophy and 95 healthy elderly volunteers were recruited from Renmin Hospital of WuHan University. Results: Allele E3 was the most common allele. The alleles E2 had significantly higher levels of ApoB and lower age in WML group. The alleles E2 was associated with the lower level of ApoB, LDL-Ch, TCh, and sdLDL in co-occurrence group. The E3/E3 genotype has higher level of sdLDL, but lower age and female frequency in WML. The E3/E4 genotype had higher level of TG, but lower age in WML. Gender, Age, E2, Hyperhomocysteinemia and UA were also significantly associated with disease progression. Conclusion This study found that clinical data, lipids and metabolic complications were closely related to ApoE genotypes and alleles, and also disease progression and type.

Objective To explore the relationship between obesity and serum testosterone level among community adult males.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to extract 1 166 male residents aged 20 years old and over in Zunyi City and conduct the questionnaire survey and physical examination.Fasting venous blood samples were collected for detecting the serum total testosterone(TT),sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG) and luteinizing hormone(LH).Then free testosterone index(cFT),free testosterone index(FTI) and testosterone secreting index(TSI) were calculated.Results The average levels of serum TT,SHBG,cFT,FTI,TSI and LH in 1 166 adult males were(16.83±4.90)nmol/L,(42.15 ± 20.21)nmol/L,(0.31 ±0.10)nmol/L,(0.46 ± 0.19) IU/L,(3.40 ± 2.04) IU/L and(6.77 ± 5.14) IU/L respectively;the Pearson correlation analysis showed that WHtR,BMI and WC were negatively correlated with TT,SHBG,TSI and LH,and were positively correlated with FTI,WHtR was negatively correlated with cFT,BMI and WC were negatively correlated with LH,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The multivariate linear regression analysis shown that WHtR was negatively correlated with TT,SHBG,TSI and LH;and was positively correlated with FTI,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion Adult male central obesity may be associated with the decrease of serum TT,SHBG,TSI and LH levels,and increase of FTI level.

The increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in granulosa cells (GCs) may affect the pregnancy results in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, we compared the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) results of 22 patients with PCOS and 25 patients with tubal factor infertility and detected the ROS levels in the GCs of these two groups. Results showed that the PCOS group had significantly larger follicles on the administration day for human chorionic gonadotropin than the tubal factor group (P < 0.05); however, the number of retrieved oocytes was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). PCOS group had slightly lower fertilization, cleavage, grade I/II embryo, clinical pregnancy, and implantation rates and higher miscarriage rate than the tubal factor group (P > 0.05). We further found a significantly higher ROS level of GCs in the PCOS group than in the tubal factor group (P < 0.05). The increased ROS levels in GCs caused GC apoptosis, whereas NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) specific inhibitors (diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin) significantly reduced the ROS production in the PCOS group. In conclusion, the increased ROS expression levels in PCOS GCs greatly induced cell apoptosis, which further affected the oocyte quality and reduced the positive IVF-ET pregnancy results of women with PCOS. NADPH oxidase pathway may be involved in the mechanism of ROS production in GCs of women with PCOS.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; epidemiology ; Acetophenones ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Granulosa Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; NADPH Oxidases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Onium Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oxidative Stress ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

In order to ascertain prevalence rate of premarital sexual intercourse, unintended pregnancy and abortion, and evaluate associated factors of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates from all over China, the representative sample of unmarried undergraduates was obtained by using a multi-stage, stratified, probability cluster design, and data were collected by using a survey questionnaire. 62 326 available responders were gained. 11.6% of them acknowledged having experiences of premarital sexual intercourse (standardized prevalence rate of sexual intercourse was 13.8%). 31.5% of students active in premarital sex acknowledged undergoing unintended pregnancy. 76.2% of pregnant students selected abortion to end it. Of students active in premarital sex, 46.2% used contraception at the first sexual intercourse, 28.2% replied "always" using contraception in sexual intercourse. The rate of using condoms, oral contraceptives (OCs), and withdrawal among students who had used contraception was 52.0%, 31.0%, and 27.2% respectively. "No preparation for sex" (40.3%), "pleasure decrement" (32.1%), "won't-be-pregnancy in occasional sexual intercourse" (30.2%) were their common excuses for using no contraception. The identified risk factors for unintended pregnancy among students active in premarital sex by multivariate analysis were as follows: having no steady lover [having no steady lover vs having a steady lover: odds ratio (OR), 1.875; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.629-2.158], unaware of the course of conception (unaware vs aware: OR, 2.023; 95% CI, 1.811-2.260), considering abortion not endanger women's physical and mental health (no endangerment vs endangerment: OR, 2.659; 95% CI, 2.265-3.121), nonuse of contraception (never use vs always use: OR, 1.682; 95% CI, 1.295-2.185). Medical students were not less likely to experience an unintended pregnancy than nonmedical students (OR, 1.111; 95% CI, 0.906-1.287). The substantial proportion of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates indicates a need for convenient and targeted contraceptive education and services.

In order to ascertain prevalence rate of premarital sexual intercourse,unintended pregnancy and abortion,and evaluate associated factors of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates from all over China,the representative sample of unmarried undergraduates was obtained by using a multi-stage,stratified,probability cluster design,and data were collected by using a survey questionnaire.62 326available responders were gained.11.6％ of them acknowledged having experiences of premarital sexual intercourse (standardized prevalence rate of sexual intercourse was 13.8％).31.5％ of students active in premarital sex acknowledged undergoing unintended pregnancy.76.2％ of pregnant students selected abortion to end it.Of students active in premarital sex,46.2％ used contraception at the first sexual intercourse,28.2％ replied “always” using contraception in sexual intercourse.The rate of using condoms,oral contraceptives (OCs),and withdrawal among students who had used contraception was 52.0％,31.0％,and 27.2％ respectively.“No preparation for sex” (40.3％),“pleasure decrement” (32.1％),“won't-be-pregnancy in occasional sexual intercourse” (30.2％) were their common excuses for using no contraception.The identified risk factors for unintended pregnancy among students active in premarital sex by multivariate analysis were as follows:having no steady lover [having no steady lover vs having a steady lover:odds ratio (OR),1.875; 95％ confidence interval (CI),1.629-2.158],unaware of the course of conception (unaware vs aware:OR,2.023; 95％ CI,1.811-2.260),considering abortion not endanger women's physical and mental health (no endangerment vs endangerment:OR,2.659; 95％ CI,2.265-3.121),nonuse of contraception (never use vs always use:OR,1.682; 95％ CI,1.295-2.185).Medical students were not less likely to experience an unintended pregnancy than nonmedical students (OR,1.111; 95％ CI,0.906-1.287).The substantial proportion of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates indicates a need for convenient and targeted contraceptive education and services.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote developmental competence in mammalian oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM), but the role of BDNF in oocyte maturation at cellular level is not still clear. In this study, mouse cumulus-enclosed oocytes subjected to IVM were fertilized and cultured to blastocyst stage. Meiotic spindle configuration and cortical granules distribution during oocyte maturation in vitro were assessed by using immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy. The results showed that BDNF contributed to the complete preimplantation development of mouse oocytes compared to the control oocytes (13.78% vs. 5.92%; P<0.05). Further, BDNF did not accelerate nuclear maturation of IVM oocytes. For the BDNF-treated oocytes at meiosis I, Meiotic spindle areas were significantly smaller and the number of cytoplasmic microtubule organizing centers was greater than that in the control, and the percentages of oocytes showed spindles positioned near the oolemma and a well-formed cortical granule-free domain were significantly higher than that of the control. These morphological characteristics of the BDNF-treated oocytes were much closer to the oocytes matured in vivo than those of the control oocytes. In conclusion, BDNF can promote the developmental competence of mouse IVM oocytes, by improving the meiotic spindle configuration and location and cortical granules distribution at meiosis 1.
Animals ; Blastomeres ; cytology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques ; methods ; Male ; Mice ; Oocysts ; growth & development

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote developmental competence in mammalian oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM), but the role of BDNF in oocyte maturation at cellular level is not still clear. In this study, mouse cumulus-enclosed oocytes subjected to IVM were fertilized and cultured to blastocyst stage. Meiotic spindle configuration and cortical granules distribution during oocyte maturation in vitro were assessed by using immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy. The results showed that BDNF contributed to the complete preimplantation development of mouse oocytes compared to the control oocytes (13.78% vs. 5.92%; P<0.05). Further, BDNF did not accelerate nuclear maturation of IVM oocytes. For the BDNF-treated oocytes at meiosis I, Meiotic spindle areas were significantly smaller and the number of cytoplasmic microtubule organizing centers was greater than that in the control, and the percentages of oocytes showed spindles positioned near the oolemma and a well-formed cortical granule-free domain were significantly higher than that of the control. These morphological characteristics of the BDNF-treated oocytes were much closer to the oocytes matured in vivo than those of the control oocytes. In conclusion, BDNF can promote the developmental competence of mouse IVM oocytes, by improving the meiotic spindle configuration and location and cortical granules distribution at meiosis.

Small cell carcinoma of cervix (SCCC) is a rare disease with highly aggressive behaviour and is pathologically hard to diagnose. In this study, the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the condition were examined. Clinical records and follow-up data of 7 cases of SCCC were retrospectively studied. Our results showed that five non-recurrent cases initially presented irregular vaginal bleeding or increased apocenosis of varying degrees. Pathological examination revealed that the stroma was diffusely infiltrated with small monomorphous cells ranging from round to oval shape. Three cases were immunohistochemically confirmed. One case was accompanied with squamous cell cancer. Of the 7 cases, one case was classified as stage I b1, two stage I b2, one stage IIa, one stage IIb, and one stage IIIb. On the basis of their stages of condition, one subject with stage III b underwent chemotherapy, and one with stage Ib2 received extensive hysterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy, while the other 5 cases were treated by extensive hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in combination with pre- and/or post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Of the 7 patients, 4 had relapse-free survival of 14, 14, 16 and 28 months respectively. It is concluded that SCCC is an aggressive tumor with propensity for early pelvis lymph node metastases. Early-stage patients should be treated by extensive hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in combination with pre- and/or post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.