In recent years,China has made great progress in basic nanomedicine,nanotoxicology and nanobiology research.Nanotechnology has been continuously applied in biomaterial and medical device,more and more medical devices applying nanomaterials are developed and manufactured.In order to gain more comprehension and accurate understanding of the research and industrial development in nanobiomaterial medical devices,this study reviewed the common nanomaterial in medical devices and the regulatory situation of nanomaterial medical devices at home and abroad,and discussed the current challenges in biological evaluation of nanomaterial medical devices,with a view to providing ideas for the safety evaluation and research of related products.

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of congenital tuberculosis (CTB).Methods:From June 2016 to February 2021, the clinical data of infants with CTB admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including their clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.Results:A total of 7 infants with CTB were enrolled into the study. 4 mothers had in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) due to tubal obstruction and 2 mothers who were diagnosed of tubal tuberculosis. The 7 infants included 1 male and 6 female, 6 preterm and 1 full-term. The median age of onset was 18 d (7~30 d).All of the 7 infants had fever, 6 had shortness of breath and poor response, 5 had apnea, 3 were coughing, 1 showed pale skin colour, 1 had bilateral rales in the lung, 6 had hepatomegaly, 3 splenomegaly and 1 lymphadenopathy. Chest X-ray showed patchy exudation in 3 infants, miliary pattern of opacification in 2 infants, patchy opacification in 1 infant, bilateral increased lung markings in 1 infant. The positive rate of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was 50% in all sputum samples. Specimens from glottic and subglottic area showed higher positive rate than oropharyngeal specimen. PCR MTB-DNA tests of sputum samples were positive in all 7 cases. 1 infant received invasive respiratory support for 1 d and died after discharge. 2 infants improved significantly after initial treatment, received 1~2 months of anti-TB therapy outside the hospital and died of severe respiratory failure. Of the 4 infants survived, 1 was cured and 3 significantly improved.Conclusions:Mothers with tubal tuberculosis receiving IVF-ET may cause high risk of CTB. Sputum AFB test and sputum PCR MTB-DNA test are preferred diagnostic tests. Genetic test of drug-resistant TB may guide clinical drug use. Glottic or deeper throat specimens can increase the positive rate.

Objective:To study the characteristics of the genotype and phenotypic in a family with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) due to RS1 mutation. Methods:A retrospective clinical study. An XLRS family of 4 generations of 26 people were included in the study. Among them, 8 participants were males and 7 participants were females. Routine ophthalmologic examination was performed on 3 patients in the family including the proband and 12 patients with normal phenotype. Optical coherence tomography was performed in 2 of the 3 patients. Peripheral venous blood was extracted from all participants, whole-genome DNA was extracted, and potential pathogenic genes were screened by Panel sequencing. Conservative analysis, pathogenicity analysis and protein structure prediction were carried out by software tools. The pathogenicity of gene mutations was analyzed according to the American Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines.Results:The proband was 3 years old. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination showed that the retinal core layer in the macular area of both eyes had a cystic change, which was segmented by vertical or oblique bridging tissue. The proband's uncle was 32 years old. OCT examination showed atrophy in the macular area of the left eye. The macular area of the right eye was cystoid, segmented by vertical or oblique bridging tissue. No abnormality was found in the fundus examination of the proband's parents and 10 members of his family. Panel sequencing showed that c.361C>T/ p.Q121X hemizygous mutation was found in the fifth exon of RS1 gene in the proband (Ⅳ3) and 2 patients (Ⅱ1, Ⅲ8). The mother was a heterozygous mutation carrier of the gene, while the father had no mutation. The mutant gene causes premature termination of RS1, a truncated protein encoding 224 amino acids to 120 amino acids. Of the 10 patients with normal fundus examination, 6 participants were normal. The mutation was carried by four people, which were women. Homology analysis of the protein sequence showed that the mutant site was highly conserved in 12 mammals. Three-dimensional structural analysis of RS1 protein showed that the c-terminal amino acid sequence of the mutant protein was more than 50% missing. Analysis of ACMG guidelines indicated that the mutation was pathogenic. Conclusion:The RS1 mutation site c.361C>T/p.Q121X is a new mutation site of XLRS.

Objective To investigate the applicate effects in the treatment of left coronary artery abnormality originated from pulmonary artery(ALCAPA) with two perfusion methods of Medium-low temperature-full flow and Low-temperature-low flow.Methods From April 2010 to August 2018, 51 children with ALCAPA were treated with direct coronary artery trans-plantation in Beijing Anzhen Hospital.According to the circulated perfusion method, All of cases were divided into two groups:the Medium-low temperature full flow(group A) and Low-temperature low flow(group B); All patients underwent ALCAPA correct operation under general anesthesia by intravenous inhalation and extracorporeal circulation , and the combined cardiac malformations at the same period.Results The whole of 51 children, including 27 males and 24 females, the aweraged age was(29.19 ±19.43)months(8-36 months), the aweraged weight was(11.73 ±9.99)kg(7.4 -35.0 kg).The cardiotho-racic ratio(C/T) was 0.70 ±0.09.In group A, 24 patients, including 13 males and 11 females, the aweraged age 3 -36 (28.64 ±16.30) months, the aweraged weight 7.4-31.0(12.25 ±10.33) kg, and the cardiothoracic ratio(C/T) 0.71 ± 0.07.Group B included 27 patients, including 15 males and 12 females, the aweraged age 5-31(25.85 ±16.60) months, the aweraged weight 6.7-35.0(10.38 ±3.67)kg, and the cardiothoracic ratio(C/T) of 0.69 ±0.06.The postoperative ear-ly death were 5 cases in the whole group, there were 3 cases in group A and 2 cases in group B, all of them were died of low cardiac output syndrome.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) support for 7 cases of 5 in group A and 2 in group B. There was no statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two groups(P >0.05).The Intraoperative extracorporeal circulation time, ascending aorta occlusion time, the number and amount of myocardial cold arrest fluid perfu-sion, postoperative extracorporeal circulation assistance time, the incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ICU residence time, and ventilator assistance time were significantly lower in group B than group A, all with statistically significant differences(P<0. 05).A total of 42 cases were followed up after the operation, the follow-up time 17(3-29) months and the left ventricular e-jection fraction increased from 0.53 ±0.15 to 0.66 ±0.14(P<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference between two groups.Conclusion The perfusion modes of Low-temperature-low flow in the correct operation of ALCAPA can effectively shorten the time of aortic occlusion , improve the effect of intraoperative myocardial protection , reduce intraoperative visual field return blood volume, and reduce postoperative low cardiac output.To improve the curative effect of operation.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk factors in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region.Methods The population proportionate sampling method was applied to enroll a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county and the study was conducted using questionnaires and physical examinations.A total of 10 553 people were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing data.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the liver and fasting blood was collected in the morning for measurement of blood glucose,blood lipid,and uric acid.The participants were divided into two groups of those with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;the difference in blood biochemical indexes between fatty liver and non-fatty liver groups was compared,and the logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors affecting the prevalence of fatty liver.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 7.60％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in men than in women (8.60％ vs.6.82％,x2=1 1.772,P=0.001).The prevalence rate of fatty liver increased with age (x2=57.336,P＜0.001),the prevalence rates among ≥18 years-＜29 years,≥30 years-＜39 years,≥40years-＜49 years,≥50 years-＜59 years,≥60 years-＜69 years,and above 70 years were 2.92％,6.50％,8.81％,9.59％,8.08％,and 4.77％ respectively.The detection rate of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group than in the normal group (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group had a higher risk for overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperurcemia,and dyslipidemia (OR=5.41,12.45,2.99,1.85,2.05,3.30,1.41,2.23,and 1.98).Conclusion The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region was higher.The groups of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were high risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective To investigate the prevalences of the obesity and hypertension in southern mountain regions of Ningxia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults using questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurement in southern mountain areas with a population proportionate sampling method. Results The prevalences of overweight,obesity,central obesity,high percentage of body fat,and hypertension were 33.53%,10.71%,19.50%,27.69%,and 31.57% respectively, which were 30.31%,9.62%,16.70%,24.90%,and 27.61% after age-adjustment in rural areas of Ningxia,and increased with aging(Ptrend<0.05). The prevalences of overweight,obesity,and hypertension were higher in males than those in females(P<0.05),and that of central obesity was higher in females than in males(P=0.003).The prevalences of hypertension in subjects with overweight, obesity, central obesity, high percentage of body fat were 38. 14%, 53.75%,52.69%,and 48.90%,respectively. Body mass index,waist circumference,and percentage of body fat were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P<0.05). The multivariable logistic model revealed that the risk of hypertension in different types of obesity increased about 1.5 times. Conclusion There is high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the adults in southern mountain areas of Ningxia. The prevalence of hypertension in obesity,central obesity,and high percentage of body fat is closed to or more than half of the population investigated.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal degeneration in C57BL mice.Methods Different doses of MNU (30 mg · kg-1,45 mg · kg-1,60 mg · kg-1,75 mg · kg-1 and 90 mg · kg-1) were injected to C57BL mice for 7 days.Then electroretinogram (ERG) detection and HE staining were performed to examine retinal electrophysiological function and morphological changes on day 1,day 3 and day 7 after MNU treatment,respectively.Then we could explore the optimum condition to establish stable animal model of retinitis pigmentosa.MSCs were transplanted to C57BL mice by intravitreal or tail intravenous injection.Then ERG detection and HE staining were performed to evaluate the effect of MSCs on retinitis pigmentosa induced by MNU.Results When compared with control group,30 mg · kg-1 and 45 mg · kg-1 MNU could cause mild retinal damage in morphology and function in mice;while 60 mg · kg-1 and above dose of MNU induced serious retinal damage,leading to decreased ERG amplitude of the retina (all P ＜ 0.001) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness (all P ＜ 0.001).On day 1 and day 3 after single dose of 60 mg · kg-1 MNU injection,ERG amplitude of the retina was decreased,and outer nuclear layer thickness became thin;while the retinal damage was serious badly in morphological structure on day 7,with the ERG amplitude extinguished (all P ＜ 0.001),ONL thickness thin (all P ＜ 0.001) and internal and external nuclear layer fusion.When compared with MNU alone treatment group,following injection of 60 mg · kg-1 MNU for 1 day MSCs were transplanted to C57BL mice by intravitreal or tail intravenous injection,and the amplitude of ERG and retinal ONL thickness were increased on day 7 after MSCs transplantation (all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion MSCs transplantation has a certain therapeutic effect on MNU-induced retinitis pigmentosa in C57BL mice.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of high-density micropulse photocoagulation (HD-SDM) combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods Thirty-one patients (31 eyes) with DME were randomly divided into two groups.Group A (15 eyes) received HD-SDM combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.Group B (16 eyes) only received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) of the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed,and the annual injection times of the two groups were compared.Results The average annual injection times was 3.67 ± 1.11 in group A,and 9.12 ±2.63 in group B.The difference was significant between the two groups (t =2.05,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in CMT before and after treatment in both groups (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups(t =1.19,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in BCVA before and after treatment in both groups (all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference before and after treatment between the two groups(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Both HD-SDM combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and single intravitreal injection of ranlbizumab are effective for DME,but the combining treatment can remarkably decrease the annual injection times and had a good compliance of patients,is a good choice for DME patients.

Flashing light effect on microalgae could significantly improve the light efficiency and biomass productivity of microalgae. In this paper, the baffles were introduced into the traditional flat plate photobioreactor so as to enhance the flashing light effect of microalgae. Making Chlorella sp. as the model microalgae, the effect of light intensity and inlet velocity on the biomass concentration of Chlorella sp. and light efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that, when the inlet velocity was 0.16 m/s, with the increase of light intensity, the cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. increased and light efficiency decreased. With increasing the inlet velocity, the cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. and light efficiency both increased under the condition of 500 μmol/(m2 x s) light intensity. The cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. cultivated in the novel flat plate photobioreactor was 39.23% higher than that of the traditional one, which showed that the flashing light effect of microalgae could be improved in the flat plate photobioreactor with inclined baffles built-in.
Biomass ; Chlorella ; growth & development ; Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Light ; Microalgae ; growth & development ; Photobioreactors

Objective To evaluate the technical method,clinical effect,safety and complication of the endovascular interventional therapy of intracranial A1 segment aneurysms of anterior cerebral artery(ACA).Methods The data of 14 cases with ruptured A1 segment aneurysms received interventional therapy were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were admitted with subarachnoid hem-orrhage (SAH)and classified by Hunt-Hess scale.There were 3 cases of Grade Ⅰ,5 cases of Grade Ⅱ,and 6 cases of Grade Ⅲ. One of fourteen patients was treated by stent implantation alone and 10 patients were treated by coiling alone.The other 3 patients were treated by stent-assisted coiling.Results All the cases were embolized successfully and cured.Angiography immediately after procedure showed Raymond Ⅰ in 1 1 patients,RaymondⅡ in 2 patients and Raymond Ⅲ in 1 patient.In one patient a coil loop was partly left in the parent artery.All of them showed excellent outcome without any serious complication except that one patient suf-fered transient left hemiparesis.Conclusion Endovascular interventional therapy is a safe,effective method in the treatment of the intracranial A1 segment ACA aneurysms.