Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficiency of robotic visualization system(RVS)-assisted microsurgical re-construction of the reproductive tract in male rats and the satisfaction of the surgeons.Methods:We randomly divided 8 adult male SD rats into an experimental and a control group,the former treated by RVS-assisted microsurgical vasoepididymostomy(VE)or vaso-vasostomy(VV),and the latter by VE or VV under the standard operating microscope(SOM).We compared the operation time,me-chanical patency and anastomosis leakage immediately after surgery,and the surgeons'satisfaction between the two groups.Results:No statistically significant difference was observed the operation time between the experimental and the control groups,and no anasto-mosis leakage occurred after VV in either group.The rate of mechanical patency immediately after surgery was 100％in both groups,and that of anastomosis leakage after VE was 16.7％in the experimental group and 14.3％in the control.Compared with the control group,the experimental group achieved dramatically higher scores on visual comfort(3.00±0.76 vs 4.00±0.53,P＜0.05),neck/back comfort(2.75±1.16 vs 4.38±1.06,P＜0.01)and man-machine interaction(3.88±1.55 va 4.88±0.35,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the scores on image definition and operating room suitability between the two groups.Conclusion:RVS can be used in microsurgical reconstruction of the reproductive tract in male rats and,with its advantages over SOM in ergonomic design and image definition,has a potential application value in male reproductive system micosurgery.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the data of Chinese patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) to preliminarily discuss the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics. Methods: From February 2004 to June 2020, patients with newly diagnosed APL aged ≥ 15 years who were admitted to the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College were chosen. Clinical and laboratory features were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 790 cases were included, with a male to female ratio of 1.22. The median age of the patients was 41 (15-76) years. Patients aged between 20 and 59 predominated, with 632 patients (80%) of 790 patients classified as low and intermediate risk and 158 patients (20%) of 790 patients classified as high risk. The white blood cell, platelet, and hemoglobin levels at diagnosis were 2.3 (0.1-176.1) ×10(9)/L, 29.5 (2.0-1220.8) ×10(9)/L, and 89 (15-169) g/L, respectively, and 4.8% of patients were complicated with psoriasis. The long-form type of PML-RARα was most commonly seen in APL, accounting for 58%. Both APTT extension (10.3%) and creatinine>14 mg/L (1%) are rarely seen in patients at diagnosis. Cytogenetics was performed in 715 patients with newly diagnosed APL. t (15;17) with additional chromosomal abnormalities were found in 155 patients, accounting for 21.7%; among which, +8 was most frequently seen. A complex karyotype was found in 64 (9.0%) patients. Next-generation sequencing was performed in 178 patients, and 113 mutated genes were discovered; 75 genes had an incidence rate>1%. FLT3 was the most frequently seen, which accounted for 44.9%, and 20.8% of the 178 patients present with FLT3-ITD. Conclusions: Patients aged 20-59 years are the most common group with newly diagnosed APL. No obvious difference was found in the ratio of males to females. In terms of risk stratification, patients divided into low and intermediate risk predominate. t (15;17) with additional chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 21% of 715 patients, in which +8 was most commonly seen. The long-form subtype was most frequently seen in PML-RARα-positive patients, and FLT3 was most commonly seen in the mutation spectrum of APL.
Adult ; Aged ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Based on the idea of multi-target drug design, taking p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) as the parent nucleus, the unreported target molecules TM1 and TM2 were designed with PAS, isonicotinic acid and fluoroquinolone as three structural units conjugated by different linkers. Sixteen target molecules were synthesized by multi-step reaction, and their activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. The results showed that the anti-tuberculosis activity of TM2a was stronger than those of the assayed fluoroquinolones, while TM1a was comparable to that of clinafloxacin, the most active compound of the positive control fluoroquinolones; TM1a showed the strongest inhibitory activity to all almost tested strains, TM1b and TM2a showed very strong inhibitory activity to most strains, and TM1h/2h had strong inhibitory activity to some strains; The inhibitory activities of TM1a/1h on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC14125 are much stronger than those of fluoroquinolones, which eminently deserves further study. The hemolysis test results showed that the highly active molecules TM1a and TM2a exhibited relative safety below the concentrations of 8 and 32 μg·mL^-1, respectively. In this study, a new hybrid molecule of three molecular pharmacophores with PAS as the parent nucleus was synthesized for the first time, and some of which have highly strong antibacterial activity, which provides a new idea for the research and development of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors of low back pain and the relationship of the influence of bad working posture, weight load and frequency of load and the dose-response relationship among the occupational workers of key industries in China. METHODS: A total of 57 501 employees from 15 key industries in China were selected as research subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The occurrence of low back pain in the past one year, as well as occupational factors such as job type, labor organization and work posture were investigated by using the Chinese version Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of low back pain in the occupational population of key industries in China was 16.4%(9 448/57 501). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of low back pain in females was higher than that in males(P<0.01). Married, obese, occasional and frequent smokers, and a history of lower back disease were associated with increased risk of low back pain(all P<0.05). The risk of low back pain was associated with older age, higher education level, and lower frequency of physical exercise(all P<0.01). The risk of low back pain was higher with longer working time, greater back curvature, and the high frequency of long standing and sitting position work, uncomfortable working posture, repeated operation per minute, and lifting>5 kg weight(all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The influencing factors of low back pain in the occupational population of key industries in China include bad working posture, high frequency load, weight load and other individual factors. There is a dose-response relationship with low back posture load and frequency of load.

Background:Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently associated with paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome (PIS). This study aimed at exploring the connections between the survival rate and specific gene alterations and the potential mechanism.

Methods:We retrospectively studied 69 surgical RCC cases from August 2014 to February 2016, including 18 cases of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) demonstrating elevated pretreatment serum C-reactive protein (CRP, Group A). Twelve of the 18 cases were symptomized with febrile episode. We also selected 49 cases of ccRCC with normal pretreatment CRP (Group B). Using 22 microsatellite markers, we compared the incidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) between Group A and Group B. All statistical tests are two-sided.

Results:The 3p LOH was common in both Group A (89%) and Group B (92%). The frequency of 14q LOH in Group A (16 of 18) was higher than Group B (4 of 49, χ= 40.97 P < 0.0001). The 3p and 14q LOH were the characteristics of ccRCC with elevated acute phase reactants, including PIS, regardless of the presence of metastasis. On the contrary, 14q LOH was a rare genomic alternation in advanced-staged ccRCC without PIS. The overall survival of patients with elevated CRP (33.3%) was lower than its counterparts (6.1%, hazard ratio=1.852, P < 0.0001) in Kaplan-Meier curve.

Conclusions:The results imply that the disruption of a 14q gene(s) might result in not only the inflammatory manifestations in the tumor host but also the poor survival rate as well. The isolation of the gene(s) on 14q might be a vital goal in the treatment of PIS-associated RCC.

Objective To explore the effect of point Neiguan(PC6) electroacupuncture pretreatment on nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and mitochondrial membrane potential by determining NO, NOS and mitochondrial membrane potential in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI).Method Forty male SD rats were randomized to sham operation, ischemia/reperfusion model, point Neiguan electroacupuncture and point Huantiao(GB30) electroacupuncture groups, 10 rats each. The model was made by coronary artery ligation. Before model making, electroacupuncture was given to the point Neiguan electroacupuncture and point Huantiao electroacupuncture groups, 20 min/d for a total of 7 d. T wave value in ECG leadⅡ was measured before and after model making. Myocardial pathomorphological changes were examined by HE staining. Serum NO and NOS contents were measured by a colorimetric nitrate reductase assay. Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by fluorescence techniques.Result Serum NO and NOS contents and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly in the model group compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05). Serum NO and NOS contents increased significantly in the point Neiguan electroacupuncture group compared with the model, sham operation and point Huantiao electroacupuncture groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential increased significantly in the point Neiguan electroacupuncture group compared with the model, point Huantiao electroacupuncture and sham operation groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in mitochondrial membrane potential between the model and point Huantiao electroacupuncture groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Point Neiguan electroacupuncture pretreatment has a preventive protecting effect on MIRI rats. It produces a protecting effect on myocardium by increasing the NO content, strengthening NOS activity, reducing a decrease in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shaohuang laxative mixture in the treatment of intestinal gas stagnation constipation.Methods A total of 144 patients with intestinal gas stagnation constipation were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,each group 72 cases.Patients in treatment group were orally administration Shaohuang laxative mixture,20 mL each time,tid.Patients in control group were orally given Muxiang Binlang pill 6 g each time,tid.Once the defecate free,stopping the medication,and followed up for 7 d to observe the defecating awareness,frequency,stool shape (according to Bristol stool from scale),time,amount,accompanying symptoms (including defecation pain,abdominal distension,defecation difficulties,exhaust,etc.),the main related signs,physical and chemical indicators.Besides,the adverse drug reactions were recorded during the treatment.Results After treatment,the total effective rate in treatment group was 91.94％ (57/62 cases),had no significant difference with that in control group,which was 90.16％ (55/61 cases,P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the scores of desire to defecate,defecation frequency,defecation quality,defecation time,defecation volume,defecation difficulty level,abdominal distension and pain,belching,Xiongxie fullness and borborygrmi in treatment group were 4.81 ±0.80,4.19 ±0.78,4.91 ±0.76,5.11 ±0.92,4.25 ±0.61,4.20 ±0.77,5.11 ±0.68,5.06 ±0.79,3.73 ±0.61,4.40 ±0.64 in treatment group,had no significant difference with those in control group,which were 4.65 ± 0.74,4.26 ± 0.84,4.81 ± 0.88,5.02 ± 0.99,4.12 ± 0.54,4.19 ± 0.81,5.02 ±0.76,5.00 ±0.75,3.87 ±0.66,4.33 ±0.51 (P ＞0.05),but had significant difference with those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse reactions in treatment group and control group were nausea and diarrhea,and the incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 3.23％ (2/62 cases) and 4.92％ (3/61 cases),with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Shaohuang laxative mixture and aplotaxis auriculata compound pill have similar efficacy in treatment of intestinal gas stagnation constipation.Shaohuang laxative mixture is safe and effective in the treatment of intestinal gas stagnation.

BACKGROUNDVarious surgical approaches for the removal of sellar region lesions have previously been described. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and safety of the frontolateral approach (FLA) to remove sellar region lesions.

METHODSWe presented a retrospective study of 79 patients with sellar region lesions who were admitted and operated by the FLA approach from August 2011 to August 2015 in Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tian Tan Hospital. We classified FLA into three types, compared the FLA types to the areas of lesion invasion, and analyzed operation bleeding volume, gross total resection (GTR) rate, visual outcome, and mortality.

RESULTSSeventy-nine patients were followed up from 2.9 to 50.3 months with a mean follow-up of 20.5 months. There were 42 cases of meningiomas, 25 cases of craniopharyngiomas, and 12 cases of pituitary adenomas. The mean follow-up Karnofsky Performance Scale was 90.4. GTR was achieved in 75 patients (94.9%). Two patients (2.5%) had tumor recurrence. No patients died perioperatively or during short-term follow-up. Three patients (3.8%) with craniopharyngioma died 10, 12, and 23 months, respectively, after surgery. The operative bleeding volume of this study was no more than that of the other approaches in the sellar region (P = 0.783). In this study, 35 patients (44.3%) had visual improvement after surgery, 38 patients (48.1%) remained unchanged, and three patients' visual outcome (3.8%) worsened.

CONCLUSIONSFLA was an effective approach in the treatment of sellar region lesions with good preservation of visual function. FLA classification enabled tailored craniotomies for each patient according to the anatomic site of tumor invasion. This study found that FLA had similar outcomes to other surgical approaches of sellar region lesions.

Adult ; Craniopharyngioma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base ; pathology