ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Qingxin Jieyu granules （QXJYG） on FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombosis in rats and on the expression of thrombosis-related proteins tissue factor （TF） and tissue factor pathway inhibitor （TFPI） as well as the protein kinase B （Akt）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway in EA.hy926 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， thus preliminarily exploring the mechanism of QXJYG in inhibiting thrombosis. MethodsThirty-six SD rats were randomized into normal control， model， positive control （aspirin， 9 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.99， 1.98， 3.96 g·kg^-1， respectively） QXJYG groups （n=6）. The rats in the drug treatment groups were administrated with corresponding drugs， and those in the normal control group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water. After 14 consecutive days of prophylactic gavage， the rat model of common carotid artery thrombosis was established with 45% FeCl₃ solution， and the blood vessels were collected and the wet weight of thrombus was weighed by an electronic balance （precision of 1/10 000）. The thrombosis in the common carotid artery of each group of rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The plasma levels of von Willebrand factor （vWF）， platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （PECAM-1）， tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA）， and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI-1） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An endothelial cell injury model was established by treating EA.hy926 human umbilical vein endothelial cells with TNF-α. The cell counting kit-8 method was used to screen the intervention concentrations of QXJYG. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of TF， TFPI， Akt， p-Akt， NF-κB p65， and p-NF-κB p65 in each group of cells. ResultsThe animal experiment showed that compared with the normal control group， the model group showed an increase in carotid artery thrombus weight （P<0.05）， with unclear vascular structure and extensive thrombosis in the lumen. In addition， the plasma levels of vWF， PECAM-1， and PAI-1 were elevated， while the t-PA level became lowered （P<0.05） in the model group. Compared with the model group， the aspirin and QXJYG groups showed reductions in the weight of FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombi （P<0.05） and thrombosis in the lumen， declines in plasma levels of PECAM-1 and PAI-1， and an elevation in the t-PA level （P<0.05）. Moreover， the QXJYG groups showed reductions in the plasma level of vWF （P<0.05）， which， however， had no significant difference between the aspirin group and the model group. The cell experiments indicated that 31.25， 62.5， 125， 250， 500 mg·L^-1 QXJYG had no effect on the viability of EA.hy926 cells. Therefore， 250， 500 mg·L^-1 QXJYG were selected as the intervention concentrations for subsequent experiments. Western blotting results showed that compared with the control group， the TNF-α stimulation downregulated the expression of TFPI （P<0.05）， upregulated the expression of TF， and increased the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 （P<0.05） in EA.hy926 cells. Compared with the model group， the intervention with QXJYG upregulated the expression of TFPI （P<0.05）， inhibited the expression of TF， and decreased the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 （P<0.05）. ConclusionQXJYG has the effect of inhibiting thrombosis and regulating the expression of TF and TFPI in endothelial cells exposed to TNF-α by suppressing the abnormal activation of the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To analyze factors impacting mental health status of medical students based on ecological systems theory, so as to provide reference for the mental health promotion system for medical students. Methods: In June 2024, 1 760 medical school students randomly selected from 19 different kinds of medical colleges in eastern China by stratified cluster were surveyed using questionnaires and expert interviews. Descriptive statistics, cross analysis, hierarchical linear regression analysis, structural equation models were used for data analysis. Results: Medical school students had higher satisfaction with the school (65.85%) and a great sense of perceived social support (57.16%). Furthermore, 91.14% of the students had normal interpersonal relationships. However, 44.89% reported that their mental health was impacted by high level of depression. The hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that the mental health outcomes of the medical students were positively predicted by higher perceived social support scores ( β =-11.40), institutional satisfaction ( β =-4.85 ), and lower help seeking stigma scores ( β =9.31) ( P <0.05). The structural equation modeling showed that the status of both perceived social support and self help seeking stigma had significant impacts on depression severity ( β =-0.32, -0.53) and interpersonal relationship sensitivity ( β =-0.31, 0.58) among medical students ( P <0.01).Through expert interviews, collaborations between the school and the tripartite organization (families, universities and society) was of growing importance. Conclusions Perceived social support and self stigma have a significant impact on the mental health status of medical students. The problem of self stigma of medical students should be paid attention to. Therefore, families, universities and society should work together to improve the mental health of medical students.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside （TWM） on renal injury in diabetic nephropathy （DN） rats through tumor protein p53/microRNA-214 （miR-214）/UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1） axis. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （n＝6） and modeling group （n＝28）； the modeling group was fed with high fat and high glucose plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish DN model. The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， valsartan group [8.33 mg/（kg·d）] and TWM group[6.25 mg/（kg·d）]， with 8 rats in each group. Rats in each group were gavaged with the corresponding medication or normal saline， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， liver and renal function indexes [24 h urinary total protein （24 h-UTP）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr）， albumin （ALB）， alanine transaminase （ALT）]， blood lipid indexes （triglycerides， total cholesterol） and blood glucose index （fasting blood glucose） in urine/blood sample of rats were detected in each group. Renal pathologic change was observed， protein and mRNA expressions of p53， ULK1， Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， and expression of miR-214 in renal tissue were also determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the renal tubular epithelium of rats in the model group showed obvious edema， cell swelling， accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration； the levels of 24h-UTP， BUN， SCr， ALT and glycolipid indexes， the expressions of p53 protein and mRNA， as well as the expression of miR-214 in rats in the model group and administration groups were significantly increased or up-regulated， while ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， the expressions of LC3 mRNA， the expressions of ULK1， Beclin-1 protein and mRNA were significantly decreased or down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the histopathological damage of the kidney in rats was improved in administration groups； the levels of 24 h-UTP， BUN， SCr， ALT and glycolipid indexes， the expressions of p53 protein and mRNA， as well as the expression of miR-214 were all significantly decreased or down-regulated， while ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， the expressions of LC3 mRNA， the expressions of ULK1 and Beclin-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS TG can alleviate renal damage in DN rats， and improve their liver and renal function， as well as glucose and lipid levels. These effects may be related to the regulation of the p53/miR-214/ULK1 axis and the restoration of cellular autophagy.

BACKGROUND:Human plantar pressure can reflect the health status of the lower limbs and even the whole body,which is an important basis for gait analysis,and body mass index is an important influencing factor. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of body mass index on plantar pressure. METHODS:Twenty young college students from Xuzhou Medical University,including 10 males and 10 females aged 19-21 years,were selected as test subjects and divided into three groups according to the body mass index value:overweight group(body mass index>25 kg/m2,n=3),lean group(body mass index<18 kg/m2,n=4),and normal group(body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,n=13).A natural walking gait test was carried out on the three groups of subjects with a Zebris pressure distribution measurement plate to obtain the complete gait cycle parameters.The time proportion of support time phase,peak pressure,time to peak force,peak force and impulse volume were analyzed and the correlation between each parameter and the body mass index was analyzed by Person analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the other two groups,the time proportion of support time phase of subjects in the overweight group was relatively small,while the time proportion in the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period was relatively large.There was a positive correlation of the time proportion of the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period with body mass index,while there was a negative correlation between the time proportion of the arch support period and body mass index.(2)The peak pressure of the left arch and palm of the foot of the subjects of the overweight group was higher than that of the normal group,and the peak pressure of the left and right palm of the foot of the lean group was lower than that of the normal group.The peak pressure was positively correlated with the body mass index during the foot heel contact period.There was a significant positive correlation between the peak pressure of the left foot and body mass index during the arch support period as well as the peak pressure of both feet and body mass index during the forefoot extension period.(3)Plantar peak force time in the order of the gait cycle in increasing order:heeltoe/middle 2-4 metatarsal>lateral heel>medial and lateral metatarsal>arch;medial heel peak force was the largest,and the arch peak force was the smallest.Except for the toe of the left foot,there was a significant positive correlation between peak force and body mass index.(5)The maximum ground impulse of the lean group and the overweight group was in the foot heel contact stage,the minimum ground impulse was in the forefoot extension period,and the minimum ground impulse of the arch was in the normal group.There was a significant positive correlation between ground impulse and body mass index at different periods.(6)The results show that young people should control their body mass index,wear appropriate shoes,protect their feet and ankles,and prevent the occurrence of flat feet.

OBJECTIVE To explore the renal protective mechanism of Shenbining granules on IgA nephropathy （IgAN） rats based on mitochondrial quality control system. METHODS IgAN rat model was established by the method of “bovine serum albumin+carbon tetrachloride+lipopolysaccharide”. The model rats were randomly divided into model group， prednisone acetate group （6.25 mg/kg）， Shenbining equal-dose group （4.1 g/kg） and Shenbining high-dose group （20.5 g/kg）. The normal rats were taken as the normal control group， with 12 rats in each group. Rats were given corresponding drugs or distilled water intragastrically in each group， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， the 24 h total urinary protein （24 h- UTP） and erythrocyte count in urine were determined， and the levels of serum creatinine （Scr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， albumin （ALB） and alanine transaminase （ALT） were also detected. The histopathological changes in the kidneys and changes in IgA deposition in the mesangial area of the kidney were observed. mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）， E3 ubiquitin ligase（Parkin）， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 （LC3）， dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1） and mitofusin 2 （Mfn2） were detected in the kidney tissues of rats. RESULTS Compared with model group， 24 h-UTP， urinary erythrocyte count， ALT， BUN and Scr levels， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ mRNA ratio， mRNA and protein expressions of Drp1 were reduced significantly in prednisone acetate group， Shenbining equal-dose group and Shenbining high-dose group （P＜0.05）； ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein ratio， mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1， Parkin and Mfn2 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the pathological morphology of kidney tissue in rats was significantly improved， and IgA deposition was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Shenbining granule may reduce renal pathological injury in IgAN rats and protect renal function by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway， enhancing mitochondrial autophagy， and correcting mitochondrial kinetic disorders.

Background Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)is a widely used and empirically supported psychotherapy method.In recent years,the localization of CBT related to culture has received increasing attention from Chinese scholars.However,there is still a lack of systematic research on the localization of CBT using idioms as materials.Objective To explore whether idioms reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT(cognition and emotion)and to use them as CBT treatment tools among college students,so as to provide references for the localization of CBT.Methods Using the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary(second edition)published by the Commercial Press,a three-round manual screening method was used to select idioms that reflected the mutual influence between cognition and emotion in CBT.Based on the selected idioms,a survey questionnaire titled"survey on idiom understanding level"was developed.From August to October,2022,stratified sampling was conducted among college students from different majors and universities,and 815 valid questionnaires were obtained through the Questionnaire Star platform.By analyzing the understanding of each idiom among college students,idioms that could be used as CBT treatment tools were identified.Results In the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary(second edition),there were 13 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 5 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.12 idioms could be used as CBT treatment tools,including 8 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 4 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.Conclusion There may be idioms that reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT(cognition and emotion)and these idioms can be attempted as a therapeutic tool for CBT among college students.

[Objective]To investigate the effects of Kuanxiong aerosol(KXA)on pyroptosis and inflammatory response in isoproterenol(ISO)-induced myocardial infarction(MI)rats,and its effect on the key pathway of pyroptosis Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(MyD88)/NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1).[Methods]Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups,6 rats in each group,as control group(0.9％sodium chloride solution),model group(ISO 120 mg·kg-1),isosorbide mononitrate(IMSN)group(ISO 120 mg·kg-1+IMSN 5 mg/kg·d),KXA low dose group(ISO 120 mg·kg-1+KXA 0.1 mL/kg·d),and KXA high dose group(ISO 120 mg·kg-1+KXA 0.3 mL/kg·d),gave continuous intragastric administration for 14 days,and intraperitoneal injection of ISO on the 13th and 14th day.After the last intervention,collected heart tissues and blood under anesthesia.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to investigate the expression of creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)and cardiac troponin T(cTnT),as well as serum inflammatory indicators such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-18(IL-18),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The histopathological changes in heart tissue were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and RNA-sequencing was used to detect the differential expression genes among groups.And the expression of the pyroptosis relevant protein was detected by Western blot.[Results]The results of the ELISA showed that CK-MB and cTnT expression in model group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.01),which meant successful model construction.Pathological staining results showed disordered and fractured muscle fibers were significantly improved after KXA and IMSN intervention.RNA-seq results showed there were 2 646 different genes between model group and control group,while 714 other genes were in KXA and model group.After analyzing these two compared groups,it found that there were 130 up-regulated genes and 7 down-regulated genes;among them,inflammation related TLR4 pathway was significantly enriched.Furthermore,compared with model group,the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-18,IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly in KXA groups and IMSN group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),and Western blot showed that the protein expression of TLR4,MyD88,phospho-nuclear factor-KB(p-NF-KB)p65,NLRP3,cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(cleaved caspase-1)and Gasdermin D-N(GSDMD-N)increased significantly in model group while significantly down-regulated in KXA groups and IMSN group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).[Conclusion]KXA can improve myocardial ischemia,reduce cardiac damage,and inhibit cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and inflammatory response,the mechanism may be related to regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To compare and evaluate the quality of wild and different cultivation methods of Sanghuang porus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai through analysis on UPLC characteristic atlas and multi-component content determination results. Methods:UPLC was used to establish the characteristic chromatogram and multi-component content determination method of Sanghuang porus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, and clustering analysis, orthogonal partial least squares - discriminant analysis method were used for chemical pattern recognition analysis. Results:The results showed that there were 10 common peaks in 18 batches of Sanghuang porus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai. Five components were identified, erythrothioneine(peak 1), protocatechuic acid (peak 2), protocatechualdehyde (peak 3), caffeic acid (peak 4) and Hispidin (peak 5). HCA and OPLS-DA could distinguish Sanghuang porus vaninii (Ljub.) with different cultivation methods. Conclusion:Sanghuang porus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai in wood is closer to wild Sanghuang porus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai than in substitute cultivation. The UPLC characteristic atlas and multi-component content determination method established in this study can provide reference for the quality evaluation of Sanghuang porus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai.

Background The effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on ischemic heart disease (IHD) hospitalizations in Urumqi have not been fully understood. Objective To investigate the effects of meteorological conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and common air pollutants [fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO)] on the daily hospitalization volume of IHD, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted prevention and management strategies. Methods Basic information of 90622 IHD hospitalized patients in Urumqi City was collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2022, and daily air pollutant concentration data and meteorological data were collected during the same period. The meteorological data included daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, and daily mean relative humidity, and the common air pollutants included PM_2.5, PM₁₀, daily maximum 8-h average concentration of O₃ (O₃_8 h), SO₂, NO₂, and CO. Descriptive statistical analyses (mean, standard deviation, and quartiles) were performed on the collected data. A distribution lag nonlinear model (DLNM) based on time-stratified case-crossover design was established to estimate the lagged effects (RR) as well as the cumulative lagged effects (RR_cum) of daily mean temperature, relative humidity, and different air pollutants on the number of IHD admissions, stratified by gender and age (<60 and ≥60 years). Subsequently, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to explore the effects of cold waves (≤ P₅ of the daily minimum temperature and lasting ≥3 d) versus heat waves (≥ P₉₅ of the daily maximum temperature and lasting ≥3 d) on IHD hospitalizations and the potential interactions between temperature and the more influential air pollutants [particulate matter (PM) and O₃_8 h] on IHD hospitalizations. Results The maximum number of IHD hospitalizations in a single day in Urumqi from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2022 was 100, and the average daily number of hospitalized IHD patients was 27. Daily mean temperature, relative humidity, and air pollutants had different nonlinear relationships and hysteresis with IHD hospitalizations. Extremely low temperatures (<P₁: −18 °C) showed the greatest risk to admission for the total IHD population at a cumulative lag of 31 d (lag0-31) (RR_cum=2.092, 95%CI: 1.261,3.471). Female [lag0-31, RR_cum and 95%CI: 3.416 (2.296,5.082)] and people ≥60 years old [lag0-31, RR_cum and 95%CI: 2.356 (1.681,3.303)] were more sensitive to extremely low temperatures. The risk of IHD hospitalization was greatest on lag20 for cold waves (RR=1.242, 95%CI: 1.053, 1.465), and no lagged effect of heat waves on the number of IHD hospitalizations was found. There was a positive interaction (SI >1, P<0.001) between temperature, PM, and O₃_8 h on the risk of IHD hospitalization, especially for low temperature-high PM and O₃_8 h. Conclusion Both low temperature and high pollutant concentrations associate with an increase in IHD hospitalizations with lagged effects in Urumqi from 2014 to 2022, while cold waves associate with a higher risk of IHD admissions. Females and people aged 60 years and older are at high risk.

Compared with the global average, the incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China is higher, particularly in the southern regions where the mortality rate has remained persistently high. Nimotuzumab, a targeted therapy that acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor, has prompted continuous progress in NPC treatment. The combination of nimotuzumab with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy can enhance treatment efficacy, reduce adverse reactions, and improve patients’ quality of life. This article summarizes current research findings from this perspective to provide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NPC treatment.