Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin on brain glucose metabolism in rat models of intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH), and evaluate the therapeutic effect of curcumin. Methods Twenty-four healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( 6 rats/group) by simple random sampling method:normal group ( group A) , ICH+curcumin group ( group B) , ICH +vehicle group ( group C) , and sham operated group (group D). ICH model was made by injecting collagenase (2 μl) into the right cau-date nucleus of rat. 18F-FDG with a dose of (17.8±0.4) MBq was injected through caudal vein at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 14 d after the model was built successfully. 18F-FDG microPET/CT was performed 30 min post injection at each time point. ROI in the hematoma and peri-hematoma brain tissue was drawn, and its volume and SUVmean were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile, each rat was evaluated by neurological severi-ty scores ( NSS) . Analysis of variance for repeated measurement data and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results NSS in group B were lower than those in group C from 6 h to 5 d (F=183.26, P<0. 01). MicroPET/CT showed decreased glucose uptake in the hematoma and peri-hematoma brain tissue after cere-bral hemorrhage. In group B, the 18 F-FDG uptake in peri-hematoma brain tissue of ICH decreased after 6 h, and reached the minimum at 24 h (1.20±0.08), and then increased. The glucose metabolism in group B was significantly lower than that in group D at each time point (F=7306.74, P<0.01), and significantly higher than that in group C ( F=471.50, P<0.01) . SUVmean within ROI had a significantly negative correla-tion with both ROI volume and NSS in group B at each time point( r values:-0.672 and -0.727, both P<0. 05) . Conclusions MicroPET/CT might visualize decreased glucose uptake of hematoma and peri-hema-toma brain tissue after cerebral hemorrhage. Curcumin might have a neuroprotective effect on ICH, and im-prove the glucose uptake in hematoma and peri-hematoma brain tissue.

Objective To investigate the correlation of interaction between polymorphisms of prothrombin gene G20210A in 3' untranslated region and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene C399T in 5' untranslated region with thrombin activity in plasma and the pathological stages of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Based on TNM method,we selected 198 patients with stage Ⅰ esophageal carcinoma,198 with stage Ⅱ,198 with stage Ⅲ,and 198 with stage Ⅳ from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from May 2011 to August 2015 for this study;198 patients with esophageal carcinoma of stage 0 served as the control group.The thrombin activity in plasma were determined by chromogenic substrate assay.The genetic polymorphisms of prothrombin gene G20210A in 3' untranslated region and TFPI gene C399T in 5' untranslated region in peripheral blood leukocytes of the above-mentioned patients were analyzed by PCR-RFLP technique.Unconditional logistic regression model and single factor analysis were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (95％ CI) of polymorphisms prothrombin gene G20210A and TFPI gene C399T polymorphisms and to analyze the interaction of nucleotide polymorphisms with thrombin activity in plasma and the pathological stages of esophageal carcinoma.Results The frequencies of G20210A (GA),G20210A (AA),C399T (CT) and C399T (TT) were 24.24％,26.77％,24.24％ and 25.76％ in stage Ⅰ group;34.34％,37.37％,34.85％ and 36.36％ in stage Ⅱ group;39.90％,42.93％,40.41％ and 41.92％ in stage Ⅲ group;45.45％,46.97％,45.35％ and 46.46 in stage Ⅳ group;and 13.64％,14.14％,13.13％ and 13.64％ in stage 0 group,respectively.Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies among each group (all P＜0.01).The risks of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma significantly increased in the subjects with G20210A,in those with G20210A(AA) genotype,in those with C399T (CT) genotype and in those with C399T (TT) genotype.Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of G20210A (AA)/C399T (TT) in stage Ⅰ group,stage Ⅱ group,stage Ⅲ group,stage Ⅳ group and stage 0 group was 7.07％,14.14％,18.18％,21.71％ and 1.52％,respectively,and statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequency among each group (all P＜0.01).People who carried G20210A(AA)/C399T(TT) had higher risks of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma,and statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction between G20210A (AA) and C399T (TT) in increasing the risks of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma (All γ＞ 1).Likewise,there were also positive interactions in the pathogenesis of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma between G20210A (GA) and C399T (TT),G20210A (GA) and C399T(CT),G20210A (AA) and C399T (CT) (All γ＞1).The thrombin activities in plasma in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were all significantly higher than those in stage 0 group,and there were significant differences among stage Ⅰ,stage Ⅱ,stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ in thrombin activities (all P＜0.01).Patients with mutation genotype had significantly higher thrombin activities than those with wild homozygous in the same TNM stage.Conclusion G20210A and C399T gene mutations are the risk factors in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.Significant interactions between G20210A and C399T mutations increase the risk of invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma,which may be closely related to their increased thrombin activities in plasma.

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the interaction of polymorphisms of TNF-αgene promoter-308G/A and PPAR-γ2 gene-C34G with acute pancreatitis (AP)and its severity degree.Methods Totally 150 mild acute pancreatitis(MAP),150 moderately severe acute pancreatitis(MSAP)and 150 severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)cases were selected for this study,and 450 healthy persons as control group.The genetic polymorphisms of TNF-αgene promoter-308G/A and PPAR-γ2 gene-C34G were analyzed by the technique of PCR in peripheral blood leukocytes of above-mentioned cases and the results were verified by direct DNA sequencing method.Results The frequencies of -308G/A(GA),-308G/A(AA),-C34G(CG)and-C34G(GG)were 24.00%,26.67%,24.00% and 26.00% in MAP group,34.67%,36.67%,34.00% and 36.67% in MSAP group,42.00%,46.00%,43.33% and 46.00% in SAP group,and 14.44%,14.22%,12.89% and 14.67% in control group,respectively.Statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequencies among each group (all P<0 .0 1 ).The risk of AP significantly increased in subjects with-308G/A(GA),genotype (ORMAP=2.677 6,ORMSAP=6.625 0,ORSAP=21.514 7),in those with-308G/A(AA)genotype (ORMAP=2.570 0,ORMSAP=6.401 8,ORSAP=18.903 4),in those with-C34G(CG) genotype (ORMAP=2.668 4,ORMSAP=6.776 9,ORSAP=22.207 2),and in those with-C34G(GG)genotype (ORMAP=2.633 8,ORMSAP=6.472 5,ORSAP=21.570 2).Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of-308G/A(AA)/-C34G(GG)in MAP,MSAP,SAP and control groups was 7.33%,13.33%,20.67% and 2.00%,respectively,and statistical tests showed significant difference in the frequency among each group (all P<0.01).The people who carried-308G/A(AA)/-C34G(GG)had a high risk of AP (ORMAP=7.284 2,ORMSAP=41.296 1,ORSAP=363.973 6),and statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction between-308G/A(AA)and-C34G(GG)in increasing the risk of AP (γ2MAP=2.114 2,γ4MAP=2.080 0,γ2MSAP=2.108 7,γ4MSAP=2.050 6,γ2SAP=2.138 8,γ4SAP=2.000 1).Likewise,there were also positive interactions in the pathogenesis of AP between-308G/A(GA)and-C34G(GG),-308G/A(GA)and-C34G(CG),-308G/A(AA)and-C34G(CG)(All γ>1). Conclusion These carriers of-308G/A(GA),-308G/A(AA),-C34G(CG)and-C34G(GG)genotypes may have a high risk of developing AP,and significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms of-308G/A and-C34G add the risk of the occurrence and development of AP.

OBJECTIVETo establish a modified method for microculturing whole human blood for cytogenetic analysis.

METHODSA novel tube rack was designed to overcome the drawbacks of directly culturing the cells within centrifuge tubes. The fractions of human plasma, human serum and two commercial fetal bovine sera were analyzed with 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The influence of adding 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% autologous plasma to the culture on lymphocyte transformation rate and mitotic index (MI) was examined.

RESULTSThe SDS-PAGE analysis showed a significant difference between commercial fetal bovine sera, and that the components of human plasma were similar to those of fetal bovine serum. The value of MI in lymphocyte was evidently increased along with addition of autologous plasma. However, this has exerted no significant effect on the transformation rate. With the addition of 10% autologous plasma, the MI value has become much higher than the conventional method.

CONCLUSIONA modified method was established by application of a novel tube inclined rack and optimization of whole blood inoculation. This method is easier and cheaper, and is suitable for application in clinical practice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cytogenetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Mitotic Index

OBJECTIVETo investigate the interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene -173G/C and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPX1) gene 594C/T polymorphisms and high-fat diet in ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODSThe genetic polymorphisms of MIF -173G/C and GPX1 594C/T were determined with a polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-endonuclease method in peripheral blood leukocytes derived from 1500 UC cases and 1500 healthy controls.

RESULTSThe frequencies of MIF -173CC and GPX1 594TT were 55.60% and 55.73% in the UC cases and 16.67% and 16.47% in the healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests also showed a significant difference in the frequencies between the two groups (P<0.01; P<0.01, respectively). Individuals carrying MIF -173CC also had a significantly higher risk of UC compared with those with MIF -173GG (OR=6.8662, 95%CI: 4.5384-9.6158). Individuals carrying GPX1 594TT had a high risk of UC (OR=7.0854, 95%CI: 4.4702-10.5283). Combined analysis showed that the percentages of MIF -173CC/GPX1 594TT in the UC and control groups were 31.00% and 2.73%, respectively (P<0.01). Individuals carrying MIF -173CC/GPX1 594TT had a high risk of UC (OR=49.0113, 95%CI: 31.7364-61.8205). The high-fat diet rate of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (OR=3.3248, 95%CI: 1.9461-5.0193, P<0.01), and statistic analysis suggested an interaction between high-fat diet and MIF -173CC and GPX1 594TT which increase risk of UC (γ =6.9293; γ =6.9942).

CONCLUSIONMIF -173CC and GPX1 594TT and high-fat diet are the risk factors for UC, and the significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms of MIF -173G/C, GPX1 594C/T and high-fat diet may increase the risk for UC.

Case-Control Studies ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; psychology ; Diet, High-Fat ; adverse effects ; Dietary Fats ; metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; genetics ; Humans ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors

Objective To construct a recombinant Escherichia coli ( E. coli) with surface-dis-played lead specific binding protein PbrR and to further study intestinal colonization by the recombinant bac-teria in mice and gastrointestinal tolerance of the bacterial surface-displayed PbrR. Methods Chimeric pro-tein Lpp-OmpA coding sequence was chemically synthesized and inserted into the expression vector pET-21a to construct the outer membrane display vector pLOA. PbrR coding sequence was also obtained by chemical-ly synthesis and inserted into pLOA to generate the outer membrane display plasmid pLOA-pbrr. E. coli BL21 (DE3)pLysS was transformed with pLOA-pbrr and induced by IPTG. The expressed recombinant proteins were analyzed by 15% SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. Lead adsorption capacity of the cell surface-dis-played PbrR in the simulated intestinal juice and tolerance of the recombinant E. coli to simulated gastric juice were analyzed, respectively. KM mice were orally given the induced recombinant bacteria by gastric lavage for 7 consecutive days and then were continually fed until day 30. The contents of recombinant bacte-ria in stool samples were detected by dilution plate method on day 7, 15 and 30. The recombinant protein with His tag was detected by immunoblotting on day 7 and 15. Results Based on Lpp-OmpA, the PbrR outer membrane display vector was successfully constructed. The recombinant fusion protein Lpp-OmpA-PbrR-His tag was highly expressed in E. coli. The recombinant E. coli strains displaying PbrR on their outer membrane accumulated a significant level of Pb2+ in simulated intestinal juice. Moreover, those strains showed a tolerance to gastric acid in vitro and could colonize in the intestinal tracts of mice via oral infection. The surface-displayed recombinant fusion protein showed a better tolerance to the environment of digestive tract. Conclusion The recombinant E. coli strain displaying PbrR on its surface showed a stronger capabili-ty of lead accumulation from simulated intestinal environment and could colonize in the intestinal tracts of mice. The surface-displayed recombinant PbrR also showed a good tolerance to digestive juice. This study paved the way for further researches on the selective elimination of lead by biosorption based on animal mod-els.

Objective To explore the clinical value of oral ultrasonic contrast agent ultrasonography (OUCAUS) combined with serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and cell adhesion molecule-1 (CAM-1) measurement in preoperative staging of stomach carcinoma.Methods 800 gastric cancer patients were diagnosed by electric gastroscopy and OUCAUS.The preoperative staging was measured by OUCAUS and compared with pathologic staging,and serum levels of MCP-1 and CAM-1 were measured with ELISA.Results The total accuracy rate of OUCAUS was 79.9％ in estimating invasive depth of stomach neoplasm,82.9％ in estimating lymphatic metastasis and 88.6％ in estimating distant metastasis respectively.The expression levels of MCP-1 and CAM-1 in serum were closely correlated with invasive degree,lymphatic metastasis,distant metastasis and pathologic staging (all P ＜ 0.05).The total accuracy rate of combining OUCAUS and MCP-1,CAM-1 was 93.0 ％ in estimating invasive depth,93.9％ in estimating lymphatic metastasis and 98.6％ in estimating distant metastasis respectively.The total accuracy rate of combining OUCAUS and MCP-1,CAM-1 in estimating invasive depth,lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis was significantly higher than that of by OUCAUS alone.Conclusions MCP-1 and CAM-1 serum levels are closely correlated to pathologic staging of gastric cancer.Combining OUCAUS and MCP-1,CAM-1 can increase the accuracy rate determining invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection and polymorphism of adiponectin gene promoter -11391G/A, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) gene in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
 METHODS: From June, 2010 to July, 2014, a hospital-based 1:1 matched case-control study was carried out, with 600 cases of NAFLD and 600 healthy people in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University. The genetic polymorphisms of adiponectin gene promoter -11391G/A and EC-SOD were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of the subjects. 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) was used to test 14C disntegration per minute (DPM) for evaluating the infections status of H. Pylori. The synergistic effect between the two mutants and the gene-environment interaction of the genotypes with H. Pylori infection were analyzed.
 RESULTS: The frequencies of -11391G/A (AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) were 50.67% and 50.33% in NAFLD cases, 23.83% and 24.17% in healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests showed significantly higher frequencies of -11391G/A (AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) in the NAFLD group (-11391G/A: P=0.0051; EC-SOD: P=0.0057). The risk of NAFLD with -11391G/A (AA) was significantly higher than those with -11391G/A(GG+GA) (OR=3.2822, 95% CI 1.9170 to 5.2039). The individuals who carried EC-SOD (CG+GG) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR=3.1800, 95% CI 1.7974 to 5.2391). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of -11391G/A (AA)/EC-SOD (CG+GG) in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the control groups (25.50% vs 5.83%, P=0.0039). The people who carried with -11391G/A (AA)/EC-SOD (CG+GG) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR=10.3190, 95% CI 8.1869 to 20.5102). The H. Pylori infection rate in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR=3.1667, 95% CI 1.9139 to 5.7443, P=0.0062), and statistical analysis suggested a positive correlation between H. Pylori infection and NAFLD with -11391G/A (AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) (-11391G/A: γ=1.8532; EC-SOD: γ=1.7899).
 CONCLUSION These carriers of -11391G/A(AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) genotypes may have a high risk of NAFLD, and the gene genotypes can interact with H. Pylori infection in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Therefore, effective prevention measures for NAFLD should consider eradicating H. Pylori or regulating gene expression.
Adiponectin ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genotype ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; genetics ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; complications ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interaction between polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene G11367C in 3' untranslated region (UTR) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (IκB)-α 
Hae III in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the degree of severity.
 METHODS: A total of 450 patients with confirmed AP (AP group), who came from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from May 2013 to June 2015, were divided into a mild AP subgroup (MAP subgroup), a moderately severe AP (MSAP subgroup), and a severe acute AP (SAP subgroup) (n=150 in each group). One hundred fifty healthy persons were served as a control group. There was no significant difference in age, gender, ethnicity and birthplace among all groups. The genetic polymorphisms of TLR4 gene G11367C in 3' untranslated region and IκB-α Hae III were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eligible participants were personally interviewed by a questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression model and single factor analysis were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of G11367C and IκB-α Hae III polymorphisms, respectively. The interaction of nucleotide polymorphisms was analyzed.
 RESULTS: The frequencies of G11367C (GC), IκB-α Hae III (AG) and IκB-α Hae III (GG) were 69.56%, 33.78% and 36.22% in the AP group; 49.33%, 24.67% and 26.00% in the MAP subgroup; 70.67%, 34.67% and 36.67% in the MSAP subgroup; 88.67%, 42.00% and 46.00% in the SAP subgroup and 26.67%, 14.00% and 14.67% in the control group, respectively. There was significant difference in the frequencies betweenc the AP group and the control group, or among each AP subgroup (all P<0.01). The risk of AP was significantly increased in the subjects with G11367C (GC) genotype (ORAP=6.2828, ORMAP=2.6776, ORMSAP=6.6250, ORSAP=21.5147), which was also increased in those with IκB-α Hae III (AG) genotype (ORAP=5.7369, ORMAP=2.5277, ORMSAP=6.1824, ORSAP=17.8572) and in those with IκB-α Hae III (GG) genotype (ORAP=5.8724, ORMAP=2.5902, ORMSAP=6.4027, ORSAP=18.9022). The combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the percentage of G11367C (GC)/ IκB-α Hae III (GG) in the AP group, the MAP subgroup, the MSAP subgroup, the SAP subgroup and the control groups was 26.44%, 12.67%, 26.00%, 40.67% and 4.00%, respectively, with significant difference in the frequency among all groups (all P<0.01). The people who carried with Pro12Ala (AA)/Pro198Leu (LL) had a high risk of AP (ORAP=30.1314, ORMAP=6.7612, ORMSAP=39.5000, ORSAP=401.5833), and the statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction between Pro12Ala (AA) and Pro198Leu (LL) in increasing the risk of AP (All γ>1). Similarly, there were also positive interactions in the pathogenesis of AP between G11367C (GC) and IκB-α Hae III (AG) (All γ>1). 
 CONCLUSION These carriers of G11367C(GC), IκB-α Hae III(AG) and IκB-α Hae III (GG) genotypes may have a high risk of AP occurency, and there are significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms of G11367C and IκB-α Hae III, which increaes the risk of the occurrence and development of AP.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Acute Disease ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; Ethnic Groups ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase ; Logistic Models ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; Odds Ratio ; Pancreatitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Toll-Like Receptor 4

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the expressions of Toll-like receptor4/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signa-ling pathways in rat ulcerative colitis (UC)induced by the combined enema of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid and ethano and the interventional effect of electroacupuncture on them.Methods Totally 240 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model control group,electroacupuncture group,TLR4mAb group,LY294002 group,and TLR4mAb combined with LY294002 (T&L)group.The combined enema of trinitro-benzene sulphonic acid (TNB)and ethanol was intrarectally administered for 4 weeks to induce UC.At the same time of modeling ,Zusanli point was electro-acupunctured in electroacupuncture group while intraperitoneal injec-tion of TLR4mAb and LY294002 was given respectively to the corresponding group.Each rat was treated with the above-mentioned TLR4mAb injection and LY294002 injection in T&L group for 4 weeks.The disease activity index (DAI)of all the rats was evaluated daily.The rats were killed after 4 weeks.The colonic mucosa damage index (CMDI)and tissue damage index (TDI)were evaluated by a pathologic grading system.The expressions of P-Akt and active NF-κB protein in the colon mucosa were determined by Western blotting.TLR4 mRNA,PI3K mRNA, AKT mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions were measured with RT-PCR.Results Compared with those in normal control group,TLR4 mRNA,PI3K mRNA,P-AKT,active NF-κB,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions as well as DAI,CMDI and TDI were all increased obviously in model control group (P <0.01).Compared with those in model control group,TLR4mRNA expression was decreased obviously in TLR4mRNA group (P <0.01),the expressions of PI3KmRNA and P-AKT were decreased obviously in LY294002 group (P <0.01 ).Not only TLR4mRNA expression but also PI3KmRNA and P-AKT expressions were decreased significantly in electroacupuncture group and T&L group (P <0.01 ).Corresponding to the above-mentioned chan-ges,active NF-κB,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions as well as DAI,CMDI and TDI were decreased obvi-ously in all the treated groups compared with those in model control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01),but the six inde-xes were better in electroacupuncture group and T&L group than in TLR4mAb group and LY294002 group (P <0.05).There were obvious positive correlations of active NF-κB with TNF-αmRNA and IL-1β mRNA expressions (r 1 =0.579,P <0.05;r 2 =0.561,P <0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can significantly decrease NF-κB activity and TNF-αmRNA and IL-1β mRNA expressions in UC rats,thus alleviating the severity of UC,which is closely correlated to its blocking both TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways.