Human ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Neonatal Screening ; Censuses

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to present maternal and perinatal health indicators for the years 2019–2022. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional review that analyzed data on maternal and perinatal health indicators, generated from submissions of POGS-accredited hospitals (training and service) from January 2019 to December 2022. The data were compared to the national data obtained from official public documents published by the Philippine Statistics Authority in 2022 and 2023. Results: The number of member hospitals has steadily increased over the years, and compliance rates have been consistently over 85%. The total number of registered cases and live births declined in 2020 and 2021, but has increased to prepandemic levels in 2022. The primary cesarean section (CS) rates remained above 20%, with the highest rate noted in 2021 (25.5%). The top three-most common indications for primary CS were dysfunctional labor, fetal distress, and malpresentation. Stillbirth, perinatal, and maternal mortality rates showed an increase from 2019 to 2022, with peak rates registered for the year 2021. The top five causes of maternal death are: medical complications, hemorrhage, hypertension, infection, and others (unspecified). The case fatality rate among pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection was 1.18%. Conclusion From 2019 to 2021, there was a decline in the number of registered cases and live births, and an increase in the primary CS rates, maternal mortality ratio, perinatal death rates, and stillbirth rates. This may be explained by the prevailing social, health, and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during these years.
Censuses ; COVID‑19

Background: The POGS committee on nationwide statistics uses an electronic census platform called the POGS nationwide statistics system (PNSS) to collect the statistical data on obstetric and gynecologic health indicators. Objectives: The article aims to present 2020 data gathered and compare these with the 2019 census. Obstetrical and gynecological indicators of health care and preliminary data on COVID-19 cases are reported. Methodology: This cross-sectional study reports the data generated from the submissions of POGS-accredited hospitals from January to December 2020, through the PNSS. Results: The number of accredited hospitals that submitted their census with 100% compliance is 94%. There was a total of 329,972 number of cases reported, 92% were obstetric cases. Live birth rate was the highest in the National Capital Region at 33.5%, with the highest age-specific birth rate in the 25–29 age group. Most live births were term pregnancies. Adolescent birth rate was 6.45 per 1000 women. Cesarean section rate, stillbirth rate, neonatal mortality rate, and perinatal mortality rate were higher than 2019. The maternal mortality ratio was 121.6 per 100,000 live births. There were 2,858 cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection. There were 26,164 gynecologic admissions, with the most common diagnosis being abnormal uterine bleeding. The most common gynecologic procedures performed were hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, medical management, and blood transfusion. Majority of the deaths from gynecologic cases had gynecologic malignancies and among these, cervical cancer (19%) had the greatest number of deaths. Conclusion Obstetric and gynecologic admissions are lower compared to last year. A deterioration in obstetrical indications can be seen and explanations for this occurrence must be explored further. Preliminary data on COVID-19 cases was likewise presented. Timely and accurate statistics will help us define the areas we need to improve on, as well as the unmet needs of our patients.
Censuses

Imported medicinal materials are an important part of Chinese medicinal resources. To be specific, about 10% of the around 600 commonly used Chinese medicinal materials are from abroad, and the introduction of foreign medicinal materials has promoted the development of Chinese medicine. Amid the advancement of reform and opening up and the "Belt and Road" Initiative, major headway has been made in the cross-border trade in China, bringing opportunities for the import of medicinal materials from border ports. However, for a long time, there is a lack of systematic investigation on the types of exotic medicinal materials at border ports. In the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, together with several organizations, investigated the nearly 40 border ports, Chinese medicinal material markets, and border trade markets in 6 provinces/autonomous regions in China for the first time and recorded the types, sources, circulation, and the transaction characteristics of imported medicinal materials. Moreover, they invited experts to identify the origins of the collected 237 medicinal materials. In addition, the status quo and the problems of the medicinal materials were summarized. This study is expected to lay a basis for clarifying the market and origins of imported medicinal materials as well as the scientific research on and supervision of them.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Materia Medica ; Records ; Censuses ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

The CNS Infection Censuses for 2011 and 2012 from 9 neurology training programs in 7 institutions in the Philippines were collated to determine the types of CNS infections seen in the country and their relative frequencies. A comparison with a similar survey done in 1999 was made. A total of 1629 cases of CNS infections were recorded. There were 23 categories. Bacterial meningitis (34.3%) and TB meningitis (30.7%) were the top two infections, constituting more than half of all CNS infections seen. When the adult and pediatric census were separated, TB meningitis came up to be the most common infection in adults (43%) with bacterial meningitis a poor second at 19.4%. The reverse is seen in the pediatric population – bacterial meningitis (41.7%) vs. TB meningitis (24.6%). Cryptococcal meningitis was more frequent in the adult census (8.1%) compared with the pediatric census (0.1%). These patterns were seen in a similar census done in 1999. A significant increase in relative frequency in cryptococcal cases was seen in the later census (2.8% vs. 2.0%), the increase being due to the marked increase in the adult group (8.1% vs. 4.3%), probably due to the upward trend in the incidence of HIV cases in the country. No increase in this category was seen in the pediatric population. The benefits of collaboration among institutions in coming up with a large number of cases of CNS infections and a greater variety to study was highlighted. The study was conducted by the CNS Infection Council of the Philippine Neurological Association.
Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections ; Censuses ; Philippines

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2017 to assess trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of diabetes in Korean adults ≥30 years of age.METHODS: Prevalent diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL, self-reported use of anti-diabetic treatment (insulin or oral anti-diabetic drugs), or diabetes diagnosis by a physician. Target levels were defined as glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5% or <7.0%, blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, and total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. All survey waves were age-standardized to the 2005 Korean census population.RESULTS: Diabetes prevalence increased from 9.6% in 2007–2009 to 10.8% in 2016-2017 (p<0.001). Impaired fasting glucose prevalence significantly increased in both genders and almost every age group. Diabetes awareness and glycemic control did not show an increasing trend; however, the treatment rate and proportion of people diagnosed with diabetes achieving target blood pressure and total cholesterol levels improved from 57.2% to 63.5% (p=0.008), from 41.1% to 53.2% (p<0.001), and from 65.0% to 78.0% (p<0.001), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: From 2007 to 2017, the prevalence of diabetes increased moderately in Korea, whereas the diabetes treatment rate and the proportion of people diagnosed with diabetes achieving target blood pressure and total cholesterol levels improved. However, awareness of diabetes and glycemic control require significant improvements. A national-level action plan is required to raise awareness about diabetes and prediabetes, with the goal of improving glycemic control and minimizing the occurrence of adverse health outcomes.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Censuses ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prediabetic State ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2017 to assess trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of diabetes in Korean adults ≥30 years of age. METHODS: Prevalent diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL, self-reported use of anti-diabetic treatment (insulin or oral anti-diabetic drugs), or diabetes diagnosis by a physician. Target levels were defined as glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5% or <7.0%, blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, and total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. All survey waves were age-standardized to the 2005 Korean census population. RESULTS: Diabetes prevalence increased from 9.6% in 2007–2009 to 10.8% in 2016-2017 (p<0.001). Impaired fasting glucose prevalence significantly increased in both genders and almost every age group. Diabetes awareness and glycemic control did not show an increasing trend; however, the treatment rate and proportion of people diagnosed with diabetes achieving target blood pressure and total cholesterol levels improved from 57.2% to 63.5% (p=0.008), from 41.1% to 53.2% (p<0.001), and from 65.0% to 78.0% (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: From 2007 to 2017, the prevalence of diabetes increased moderately in Korea, whereas the diabetes treatment rate and the proportion of people diagnosed with diabetes achieving target blood pressure and total cholesterol levels improved. However, awareness of diabetes and glycemic control require significant improvements. A national-level action plan is required to raise awareness about diabetes and prediabetes, with the goal of improving glycemic control and minimizing the occurrence of adverse health outcomes.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Censuses ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prediabetic State ; Prevalence

This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2018 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a manual for System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analyzing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, scale and trends of the total CHE financing as well as public-private mix are parsed in depth. In the case of private financing, estimation of total expenditures for (revenues by) provider groups (HP) is made from both survey on the benefit coverage rate of National Health Insurance (by National Health Insurance Service) and Economic Census and Service Industry Census (by National Statistical Office); and other pieces of information from Korean Health Panel Study, etc. are supplementarily used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 144.4 trillion won in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of Korea's gross domestic product (GDP). It was a big increase of 12.8 trillion won, or 9.7%, from the previous year. GDP share of Korean CHE has already been close to the average of OECD member countries. Government and compulsory schemes' share (or public share), 59.8% of the CHE in 2018, is much lower than the OECD average of 73.6%. ‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of total revenue of health financing was 16.9% in Korea, lower than the other social insurance countries. When it comes to ‘compulsory contributory health financing schemes,’ ‘transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of 13.5% was again much lower compared to Japan (43.0%) and Belgium (30.1%) with social insurance scheme.
Belgium ; Censuses ; Classification ; Gross Domestic Product ; Guanosine Diphosphate ; Health Expenditures ; Healthcare Financing ; Japan ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; Social Security ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking affects the incidence of various illnesses such as lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. In an effort to prevent smoking-related cancers, we aimed to estimate the smoking prevalence, intensity, and number of workers exposed to smoking, which would be specific to the occupational and industrial circumstances in Korea. METHODS: We used the Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) and Korea's Census data. Smoking prevalence and intensity were estimated using the KWCS data. The number of smokers was estimated by multiplying smoking prevalence with the number of workers in the occupation or industry. Smoking prevalence, intensity, and number of smokers were estimated for major, sub-major, and minor groups of occupation and industry. RESULTS: Of the total labor force in 2010, 52.66% of men and 5.24% of women workers were estimated to be current smokers. Men workers smoked 15.42 cigarettes/day, and women workers 11.29 cigarettes/day. In terms of occupation, “craft and related trades workers” demonstrated the highest smoking prevalence (52.24%). “Managers” smoked the highest number of cigarettes (16.63 cigarettes/day) and “equipment, machine operating, and assembling workers” comprised the largest number of estimated smokers (1,368,726 workers). In terms of industry, “mining and quarrying” had the highest smoking prevalence (69.27%). Those in “construction” smoked the highest number of cigarettes (17.16 cigarettes/day) and those in “manufacturing” comprised the largest number of estimated smokers (1,629,893 workers). CONCLUSION: Our results may help in setting priorities for smoking prevention-related activities. In addition, these results can be used for epidemiological studies controlling for the effect of smoking by occupation or industry.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Censuses ; Employment ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products

OBJECTIVE:? This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis among patients who were initially assessed to have a nasopharyngeal mass and subsequently underwent biopsy in a Philippine Tertiary General Hospital from 2013 to 2015.

 

METHODS:?

Design:           Case Series

Setting:           Tertiary National University Hospital

Participants: All patients with nasopharyngeal mass identified from January 2013 to December 2015 from a hospital wide census who underwent biopsy were investigated using chart and histopathology review. The prevalence of tuberculosis, malignancies and other findings were determined.

 

RESULTS:? Among 285 nasopharyngeal biopsies done between 2013 and 2015, 33 (11.6%) were histologically compatible with nasopharyngeal tuberculosis, 177 (62.1%) were different types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 59 (20.7%) were chronic inflammation, 4 (1.4%) were lymphoma, 5 (1.8%) were normal, and 7 (2.5 %) had diagnoses other than those above.

 

CONCLUSION: This study suggests a relatively high prevalence rate (11.6%) of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis in patients who have a nasopharyngeal mass. This indicates that nasopharyngeal tuberculosis should always be a differential when confronted with a mass in the nasopharynx especially in tuberculosis endemic areas.

 

KEYWORDS: nasopharyngeal tuberculosis; prevalence; censuses; tertiary care centers; Philippines; carcinoma; nasopharynx; biopsy; tuberculosis; lymphoma

 

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged (a Person 65 Through 79 Years Of Age) ; Middle Aged (a Person 45-64 Years Of Age) ; Prevalence ; Censuses ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Philippines ; Nasopharynx ; Biopsy ; Tuberculosis ; Lymphoma ; Carcinoma