OBJECTIVE To establish population pharmacokinetic model of levetiracetam （Lev） for Chinese patients with post- stroke epilepsy （PSE）， and provide reference for formulating individualized dosing regimens for Lev therapy in this specific population. METHODS Blood concentration data and clinical diagnosis and treatment information of PSE patients meeting the inclusion criteria were retrospectively collected and divided into model group and validation group at an 8∶2 ratio using a random number method. Based on the model group data， a population pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Internal evaluation was performed through goodness-of-fit tests and bootstrap analysis， while external validation was conducted using the validation group data. RESULTS A total of 75 blood concentration measurements from 70 PSE patients were collected， with 60 measurements from 55 patients used for model development and 15 measurements from 15 patients reserved for external validation. The final model estimated a population typical value of clearance at 2.98 L/h. Estimated glomerular filtration rate， daily dose， and homocysteine level significantly influenced clearance of Lev （P＜0.01）. The model demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance， as evidenced by goodness-of-fit tests， bootstrap analysis， and external validation results. CONCLUSIONS Daily dose， estimated glomerular filtration rate， and homocysteine level are identified as significant covariates influencing Lev clearance in Chinese PSE patients. When making clinical decisions， comprehensive consideration should be given to the patient’s treatment response， physiological and pathological conditions， and the occurrence of adverse reactions， etc. The dosage of Lev should be adjusted based on the results of population pharmacokinetic model.

Objective: To investigate the self-monitoring blood pressure behavior and its influencing factors among residents in Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the basis for strengthening proactive blood pressure monitoring among residents. Methods: Permanent residents aged 35-75 years in six counties (cities, districts), Jiangsu Province, were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method in 2023. Data on basic information, disease history, and self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were collected, height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI); and blood glucose and lipid levels were measured. Self-monitoring blood pressure behavior was defined as having measured blood pressure at least once in the past three months. Factors affecting self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 12 475 residents were surveyed, including 5 748 males and 6 727 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.17. There were 3 855 residents aged 45-<55 years (30.90%) and 5 511 residents who had self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors (44.18%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the residents who were males (OR=1.167, 95%CI: 1.081-1.261), lived in rural areas (OR=1.430, 95%CI: 1.321-1.547), aged 45-75 years (45-<55 years, OR=1.384, 95%CI: 1.241-1.543; 55-<65 years, OR=1.397, 95%CI: 1.243-1.570; 65-75 years, OR=1.196, 95%CI: 1.049-1.363), had an annual household income ≥30 000 yuan (30 000-<60 000 yuan, OR=1.190, 95%CI: 1.072-1.321; 60 000-<110 000 yuan, OR=1.330, 95%CI: 1.191-1.485; ≥110 000 yuan, OR=1.746, 95%CI: 1.536-1.984), were overweight (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.070-1.280) or obese (OR=1.248, 95%CI: 1.120-1.391), were unaware (OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.103-1.353) or aware (OR=3.937, 95%CI: 3.575-4.335) of having hypertension, were aware of having diabetes (OR=1.538, 95%CI: 1.354-1.749), and aware of having dyslipidemia (OR=1.265, 95%CI: 1.106-1.447) were more likely to have self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors. Conclusions Among the residents aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu Province, 44.18% had self-monitoring blood pressure behavior. Gender, place of residence, age, annual household income, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were identified as influencing factors for self-monitoring blood pressure behavior.

BACKGROUND:The repair process of skin trauma is complex and susceptible to infection,easy to lead to poor healing,is the current difficulty and hot spot in wound repair research,and has received extensive attention in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of moxibustion and reduced graphene oxide/cerium oxide nanocomposite on promoting the healing of infectious wounds. METHODS:(1)Reduced graphene oxide/cerium dioxide nanocomposites with mass ratios of 2:1,1:1 and 1:2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method.The resulting composites were recorded as G2C1,G1C1 and G1C2,respectively.The photothermal properties,cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of the three kinds of materials were tested.After taking moxa sticks,three kinds of moxibustion distances were set(3.0-3.5 cm,recorded as moxibustion 1;2.5-3.0 cm,recorded as moxibustion 2;2.0-2.5 cm,recorded as moxibustion 3).Moxibustion was applied to the surface of human skin for 10 minutes to detect the photothermal properties.The antibacterial properties of moxibustion were tested at three different distance intervals.Simultaneously,the back body surface infrared imaging of rats with different mass concentrations of G1C1 material,moxibustion(three kinds of moxibustion distances)and moxibustion 2+G1C1 material was detected.(2)Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to model the wound of Staphylococcus aureus infection.48 hours later,they were randomly divided into 10 groups with 6 rats in each group:control group(did not receive any treatment),mupirocin group,moxibustion 2+G1C1 group,moxibustion 1 group,moxibustion 2 group,moxibustion 3 group and 60,80,100,and 120 μg/mL G1C1 groups(The G1C1 group was given 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation for 10 min/time,and the G1C1 suspension was loaded on the wound surface before each treatment.Each group of moxibustion underwent in-situ suspension moxibustion,and the intervention time was 10 min/time.Moxibustion 2+G1C1 group was loaded with G1C1 suspension on the wound surface before each treatment,and moxibustion was suspended in situ with moxa strips,and the intervention time was 10 min/time).The frequency of treatment was 2 days once.Wound healing,wound colony count and repair were detected after 7 days of intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The three kinds of reduced graphene oxide/cerium dioxide nanocomposites had good photothermal properties,and the higher the mass concentration of the composites,the better the photothermal properties.The temperature of the moxibustion 2 group reached 47.6 ℃for 10 minutes without causing thermal damage,which was more suitable for animal experiments.The results of co-culture with NIH-3T3 cells exhibited that 60,80,and 100 μg/mL G1C1 had good biocompatibility.The results of a co-culture experiment with Staphylococcus aureus suspension displayed that G2C1,G1C1 and G1C2 had good antibacterial activity,among which G1C1 group demonstrated excellent antibacterial performance,and the antibacterial rate reached 100％when its mass concentration was 80 μg/mL.60-120 μg/mL G1C1 could effectively remove Staphylococcus aureus biofilm,and the higher the material mass concentration,the better the removal effect.Moxibustion could also effectively remove Staphylococcus aureus biofilm,and the closer the moxibustion was,the better the removal effect.(2)Compared with the control group,the wound area of the mupirocin group,moxibustion 2 group,moxibustion 2+G1C1 group and 80,100 μg/mL G1C1 groups was significantly reduced on day 7 of treatment,and the quality of wound repair was better.Mupirocin,G1C1,moxibustion and moxibustion 2+G1C1 could effectively remove the residual bacteria on the wound surface,and the higher the mass concentration of G1C1,the lower the residual bacteria.Among them,the wound repair efficiency and bacterial residue of 80 μg/mL G1C1 group and moxibustion 2 group were very similar,and the wound repair efficiency of both was better than that of mupirocin group.In addition,it was also observed that the combination of materials and moxibustion had a better ability to clear wound bacteria than that used alone.(3)The results confirm that moxibustion,reduced graphene oxide/cerium dioxide nanocomposites and their combination have good anti-infection and wound healing effects.

Eucommia ulmoides， a plant belonging to Eucommiaceae， has a history of medical use for over two thousand years in China. The dried bark and leaves of this plant are usually used as medicinal materials. Due to the high safety in clinical application， E. ulmoides leaves were officially recognized for both medicinal and edible use by the food safety evaluation in 2019， providing a valuable resource for the development of food and health products. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory， E. ulmoides has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys， strengthening sinews and bones， and calming fetus. Modern research has shown that different parts such as the bark， leaves， flowers， and seeds of E. ulmoides contain similar chemical components， including phenylpropanoids， terpenoids， flavonoids， phenolic acids， steroids， and polysaccharides. E. ulmoides exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as lowering blood pressure and blood lipid and glucose levels， preventing osteoporosis and possesses anti-tumor， anti-bacterial， antiviral， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore， it holds great potential for the development of products with both medicinal and edible values. This review systematically summarizes the chemical constituents， pharmacological activities， and representative medicinal and edible products of different parts of E. ulmoides. It is expected to provide theoretical references for the clinical application of E. ulmoides and its active components and the development and utilization of the products with both medicinal and edible values. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of E. ulmoides and provides guidance for further exploration of its applications in the healthcare field. As a plant with both medicinal and edible values， E. ulmoides is expected to attract more attention in future research and contribute to human health.

Objective To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of the fear of progression in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Methods IBD patients who received inpatient treatment in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling method.The General Demographic Information Questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form(FoP-Q-SF),the Chinese version of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-efficacy Scale(IBD-SES),and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were administered to the participants.We applied one-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with the potential categories of the fear of progression.Results A total of 303 retumed questionnaires(out of the 310)were valid,resulting an effective response rate of 97.74％.According to the results of latent profile analysis,we classified the respondents into 3 categories by the fear of progression,namely"low risk fear of disease adaptation group"(n=127,41.91％),"medium risk fear of illness distress group"(n=139,45.88％),"high risk fear of dysfunction group"(n=37,12.21％).3 groups showed statistically significant differences in permanent address,self-rated financial pressure,current disease status and self-efficacy(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with IBD had obvious differences in characteristics on the fear of progression.Nursing personnel should formulate personalized intervention strategies based on the classification characteristics of the fear of progression of IBD patients.Moreover,nurses should focus on improving patients'self-efficacy and promoting patients to treat medical care,stress and emotion management correctly.

Objective To investigate the effect of growth hormone(GH)pretreatment on the improvement of eu-ploid and pregnancy outcome.Methods A prospective analysis was conducted on 134 patients undergoing preim-plantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A),among whom 30 patients were self-controlled and 104 patients were inter-group controlled.According to whether GH was added,the patients were divided into GH pretreatment group and GH non-pretreatment group.GH pretreatment included subcutaneous injection of GH 2U/day for 4-6 weeks before the start of gonadotropin(Gn),and the dose was doubled on the day of Gn until the trigger day.GH non-pretreatment meant no GH treatment,GH pretreatment was given when the previous PGT-A cycle failed within one year when the PGT-A was performed again,forming the self-control group.The basic situation,blastocyst situa-tion and pregnancy outcome were compared between the groups by inter-group and self-control.Results No matter in the group control or self-controlled group,the endometrial thickness on the day of HCG,ovarian sensitivity index(OSI),number of oocytes obtained,MII oocytes,2PN number,2PN fertilization rate,available oocyte rate,num-ber of biopsy blastocysts,number of euploid blastocysts,euploid blastocyst rate,and at least one euploid rate sig-nificantly increased after GH pretreatment,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The total amount of Gn,Gn days,number of mosaic blastocysts,and mosaic blastocyst rate were not significantly changed after GH pretreatment,with no statistically significant differences.The implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in-creased after GH pretreatment,but with no statistically significant differences.Conclusion GH pretreatment can significantly improve the number and rate of euploid embryos in patients undergoing PGT-A,and has a tendency to improve pregnancy outcome.

Objective:To summarize the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of children with neurodegeneration caused by UBTF gene mutations in childhood. Methods:The clinical and genetic data of 3 children with neurodegeneration in childhood diagnosed in the Department of Neurology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from February 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All the 3 probands were found having UBTF gene mutations through the whole exome gene sequencing, and the first generation Sanger sequencing method was used to verify the UBTF gene in their family members. The variation characteristics of the UBTF gene were analyzed, and the treatment and follow-up results of the 3 children were summarized. Results:Among the 3 children with childhood onset neurodegeneration, 2 were male and 1 female, aged 9 months, 4 years and 6 months after birth, respectively. The clinical phenotypes mainly included motor retardation, speech and mental retardation, and dystonia. Among them, case 1 and case 2 had seizures, case 1 had dysphagia, feeding problems, no weight gain and ataxia. Brain MRI plain scan showed that case 1 and case 2 had different degrees of cerebral atrophy, case 1 had hypoplasia of corpus callosum, ventricle expansion and softening focus, and case 3 showed non-specific widening of the subarachnoid space. There were no abnormalities in the chromosome copy number variation and mitochondrial ring gene testing in the 3 children; the whole exon gene testing suggested the de novo missense variant in the UBTF gene [NM_014233.4: c.1414(exon14) G>A (p.Gly472Ser), c.1392(exon14)G>T(p.Lys464Asn)] and the maternal nonsense variant [NM_014233.4:c.520C>T(p.Arg174 *)], which were unreported site variants. In terms of treatment, the 3 children received comprehensive rehabilitation function training, and achieved a certain degree of language and intelligence improvement. Seizure control was effectively managed in case 1 with a single antiepileptic drug. Epileptic seizures were effectively treated and controlled in case 2 using more than 4 types of antiepileptic drugs. Conclusions:Neurodegenerative changes caused by UBTF gene mutations in childhood are relatively rare, and some cases may be accompanied with brain atrophy. De novo missense variation and maternal nonsense variation of the UBTF gene are the genetic etiology of the 3 probands.

Objective To observe the effects of wheat grain moxibustion for"Huantiao"on sciatic nerve function,pathological morphology of sciatic nerve stem and expressions of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway expression in spinal cord tissue of rats with sciatic nerve injury(SNI);To explore the possible mechanism of wheat grain moxibustion for the treatment of SNI.Methods Totally 24 SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group,sham-operation group,model group and wheat grain moxibustion group,with 6 rats in each group.The model group and the wheat grain moxibustion group used a rat model with sciatic nerve clamping injury.From the 7th day after modeling,the rats were treated with moxibustion on the affected side of"Huantiao"for 6 strokes each time,once a day,for consecutive 10 days.The sciatic nerve function index(SFI)of rats on the 7th day after modeling and after intervention were observed,mechanical withdraw threshold(MWT)in rats were measured using a fiber optic pain gauge,ELISA was used to detect NO and iNOS content in spinal cord tissue,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of sciatic nerve stem,the expression of TLR4,NF-κBp65,p-NF-κBp65,MyD88,IκBα and p-IκBα in spinal cord tissue were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the SFI and MWT of the rats in the model group significantly decreased(P<0.01),the arrangement of nerve fibers in sciatic nerve stem was disordered,with a significant increase in the number of Schwann cells and a large number of vacuolar degeneration,the content of NO,iNOS and the expression of TLR4,p-NF-κBp65,MyD88,p-IκBα protein in spinal cord tissue significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the SFI and MWT of the rats in the wheat grain moxibustion group increased significantly(P<0.01),the damage of sciatic nerve stem was reduced,with orderly cell arrangement,a decrease in the number of Schwann cells,and a decrease in axonal demyelination and cellular vacuolar degeneration,the content of NO,iNOS and the expression of TLR4,p-NF-κBp65,MyD88,p-IκBα in spinal cord tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Wheat grain moxibustion for"Huantiao"can down-regulate TLR4,p-NF-κBp65,MyD88 and p-IκBα protein expressions in spinal cord tissue of SNI rats,reduce the secretion of NO and iNOS,thereby relieve pain and damaged nerve tissue inflammation response.

Objective:To understand the loss to follow-up of children born to pregnant women with HIV infection (HIV-exposed children) and analyze its influencing factors in China in 2019.Methods:The data were collected from the follow-up records of pregnant women with HIV infection and their children reported by the national "Management Information System for the Prevention of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B Mother-to-Child Transmission" in 2019. HIV-exposed children were defined as those who were not followed up after birth or who were not followed up at 18 months of age and who were not followed up at 21 months of age. The univariate and multivariate influencing factors of loss to follow-up of children born to HIV-infected pregnant women were analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression model. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:The number of HIV-infected pregnant women was 5 039, the number of live-born children was 5 035, the number of loss to follow-up children within 18 months of age was 283, and the loss to follow-up rate children was 5.62%(283/5 035). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of loss to follow-up of exposed children born to pregnant women who worked as farmers (animal husbandry and fishery) (a OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.53), unmarried (a OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93), first marriage (a OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.22-0.67), remarriage (a OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.67) and cohabiting (a OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.97), and knew they had HIV infection before this pregnancy (a OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.40-0.70) was lower. Han nationality (a OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.13), primary school (a OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.10-3.89) and junior middle school (a OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.03-3.17) educational level, non-use of antiviral drugs (a OR=6.21, 95% CI: 4.32-8.93) and delivery in township (street) level midwifery institutions (a OR=5.72, 95% CI: 1.61-20.27) had higher rates of loss to follow-up among infants born to HIV-infected pregnant women. Conclusions:HIV-exposed children still have a specific rate of loss to follow-up in China in 2019. In order to further reduce the rate of loss to follow-up, it is of great significance to improve the detection rate of HIV before pregnancy and the rate of antiviral drugs used in pregnant women with HIV infection, which is of great significance for the effective implementation of comprehensive intervention measures of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Objective:To discuss the research status and hotspots of Kaixin Powder.Methods:Literature about Kaixin Powder was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the databases to January 10, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.16 software were used to visualize and analyze data on the types of literature included, source journals, publication volume, authors, institutions, keywords, etc.Results:Totally 235 articles were included, mainly Chinese journal article. There were 87 source journals involved, among the Chinese and English journals, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and J Ethnopharmacol published the most articles. The overall annual number of articles published in the Kaixin Powder showed an upward trend. It involved 505 authors, forming research teams with Liu Ping, Jiang Yanyan and others as the core; The authors of the included literature came from 99 research institutions, and the cooperation between institutions was mainly based on units with the same or similar geographical area, TCM universities and their affiliated hospitals. The data results of keyword co-occurrence clustering network, keyword co-occurrence time network and keyword emergence analysis showed that the composition of the main active components (ginsenosides, poria acid, fine octyl ethers, ketones and oligosaccharide esters), detection methods (high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass chromatography), pharmacological effects (anti-Alzheimer's disease, antidepressant), mechanism of action and clinical application of the combination were the current research hotspots and trends in development. Conclusion:The research of Kaixin Powder mostly focuses on the mechanism of action and clinical research of Alzheimer's disease, depression and other diseases, among which the research on the main active components in Kaixin Powder is a hot topic in recent years, while the development trend of pharmacological mechanism of action and clinical application is better, and the correlation between active components and efficacy may become a new hot direction in the research of Kaixin Powder.