Keratoconus(KC)is a disease characterized by limited corneal cone-like protrusions accompanied by thinning of the corneal stroma in the area of protrusion, which commonly occurs before and after puberty, manifests itself bilaterally, and is a potentially blinding ophthalmic disease. It is a potentially blinding eye disease. Studies have shown that its pathogenesis is related to environmental factors, inflammatory response, immune function, and mechanical stimulation, but the mechanism of the occurrence and progression of KC has not yet been conclusively determined. A variety of genes, represented by corneal remodeling-related genes, have been found to have some influence on the development of cone cornea. More studies are still digging into the genetic targets associated with the development of cone cornea. This article reviews the targets and influence of genes in the pathogenesis of cone cornea, to explore the application value of genes in the early diagnosis and intervention of cone cornea, and to provide new ideas for future research on the pathogenesis of cone cornea.

Pathological mechanism of ulcerative colitis(UC)is not fully clear,which may be the result of Th17/Treg immune imbalance and the interaction of multiple complex factors.Numerous studies have found that classical TCM prescriptions,experienced formulas and TCM active components could regulate Th17/Treg balance by intervening in cytokines,transcription factors,and signaling pathways,restore intestinal mucosal immune function,suppress intestinal mucosal inflammatory response,and repair intestinal mucosal barrier damage.Based on the research status of UC,Th17/Treg balance and TCM treatment,this article reviewed the relationship between Th17/Treg balance and UC,and explained the key role of Th17/Treg balance in the occurrence and development of UC.At the same time,the Chinese materia medica targeting to regulate the balance of Th17/Treg in the treatment of UC in recent years was summarized,in order to provide reference for the treatment of UC.

OBJECTIVES: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the most common etiologies of viral meningitis/encephalitis. The early clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes of VZV meningitis/encephalitis lack specificity, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as other viral encephalitides or tuberculous meningitis. This study aims to investigate whether the clinical characteristics, CSF analysis findings, and CSF cytokine levels could distinguish VZV meningitis/encephalitis from central nervous system (CNS) herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections. METHODS: The medical records from 157 CNS infections, including 49 HSV (45 HSV-1, 4 HSV-2), 55 VZV, and 53 MTB infections between January 2018 and June 2021 in the Cytology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively reviewed. The data of 3 groups included demographic characteristics, laboratory results, radiographic findings, and outcomes. The levels of 12 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, IFN-γ, IFN-α, and TNF-α) in the CSF of 68 patients (13 HSV, 22 VZV, and 33 MTB infection cases) were quantified. Clinical and laboratory data were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestations in the 3 groups were fever, headache, vomiting, and neck stiffness. The clinical manifestations of HSV and VZV CNS disease were similar, although fever and altered consciousness were less common in the VZV group than those in the HSV and MTB groups (63.6% vs 87.8% vs 96.2%, P<0.001, and 14.5% vs 26.5% vs 47.2%, P=0.004, respectively). Seven patients (7/55, 12.7%) presented cutaneous zoster in the VZV group. CSF leukocyte count was significantly higher in the VZV group (230×10⁶ cells/mL) and MTB groups (276×10⁶ cells/mL) than that in the HSV group (87×10⁶ cells/mL, P=0.002). CSF protein level was significantly higher in the VZV than that in the HSV group (1 034 mg/L vs 694 mg/L, P=0.011) but lower than that in the MTB group (1 744 mg/L, P<0.001). IL-6 (VZV vs HSV vs MTB: 2 855.93 pg/mL vs 2 128.26 pg/mL vs 354.77 pg/mL, P=0.029) and IL-8 (VZV vs HSV vs MTB: 4 001.46 pg/mL vs 1 578.11 pg/mL vs 1 023.25 pg/mL, P=0.046) levels were significantly different among the 3 groups and were elevated in the VZV group.Post hoc analysis revealed that IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in the VZV group than those in the MTB group (P=0.002 and P=0.035, respectively), but not in the HSV group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS VZV meningitis/encephalitis presents with CSF hypercellularity and proteinemia, challenging the classical view of CSF profiles in viral encephalitis. CSF IL-6 and IL-8 levels are elevated in patients with VZV meningitis/encephalitis, indicating a more intense inflammatory response in these patients.
Humans ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Encephalitis ; Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster/diagnosis* ; Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Meningitis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To summarize the practice experience of establishing a stable abdominal heart transplantation model combined with tail vein injection in mice. Methods In the preliminary experiment, 50 pairs of donor and recipient Kunming mice received isotransplantation, 40 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice underwent isotransplantation. In the formal experiment, 10 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice received isotransplantation, 30 pairs of Balb/c mice as the donor and C57BL/6J mice as the recipient received allotransplantation. The time of each step of the heart transplantation (including harvesting and dressing of the donor heart, vascular anastomosis of the recipient, etc.) was recorded. The duration of transplanted heart beat and the survival time of the recipient was observed daily after operation. The time required for tail vein injection in the transplanted mice was recorded. Pathological examination of the transplanted heart was performed at 30 d after isotransplantation (n=5) and 7 d after allotransplantation (n=5). Results In the formal experiment, the success rate of heart transplantation was 90%. The harvesting and dressing time of donor heart was (13.9±0.6) min. The cold ischemia time of the recipient was (14.2±1.2) min. The vascular anastomosis time was (34.2±3.1) min. The total operation time was (86.6±5.4) min. Postoperatively, the transplanted heart of the mice undergoing isotransplantation survived longer than 100 d. Pathological examination at postoperative 30 d demonstrated only a slight amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The survival time of the mice receiving allotransplantation was (7.2±0.5) d due to rejection reaction. At postoperative 7 d, pathological examination showed a large quantity of inflammatory cells infiltrating into the myocardium, manifested with acute cellular rejection. The success rate reached 90% after over 200 times of tail vein injection. Conclusions In this study, a stable mouse abdominal heart transplantation model is successfully established. The mouse models in the preliminary experiment can be utilized for tail vein injection.

The paper analyzes the effect ofInternet +on the purchase of periodical resources for libraries of medical colleges based on the discussion of the concept of Internet + ,points out the current situation and problems of purchase of periodicals for libraries of medical college,puts forward the periodical purchase modes and scheme proposals that conform to the current trend,and lays a foundation for the development of libraries of medical colleges.

Described in this paper are the strategies for medical college and university libraries in MOOC environment on the basis of an investigation of the cognition, needs and obstructions in MOOC learning, and needs of service for MOOC in libraries, such as strengthening the popularization and resource development of MOOC, providing service of MOOC resources, carrying out innovative service for MOOC with medical information literacy construction as its starting point, reconstructing information commons in library, and opening up MOOC learning places.

After the connotation and features of open information environment were briefly described , the challen-ges of open information environment to the central position of information resources and information service functions in academic library were pointed out with measures put forward for development of academic library.

NFC is characterized by its short transfer distance, low energy consumption, multiple operation model, high safety, portability, good interconnection, and compatibility with RFID.It can thus be considered as the updated edition of RFID.The significance to innovate the service of library using combined NFC and RFID was therefore elaborated with some suggestions put forward for constructing the smart library.

The target of offering medical literature novelty assessment course for medical postgraduates was analyzed with the problems in its teaching and the significance of its teaching reform pointed out.Its teaching contents, teaching methods, examination methods and its assessment system reform were described with suggestions proposed for its successful reform.

Librarians play a key role in the library information ecosystem.Librarians and library users interact and influence each other in process and use of information.Tagging defined by network users is used in description of words and phrases in different information resources.When it is used in library, user-oriented service will become the target of information service, and the role of information service persons, information organization methods and information low efficiency will change.However, rational planning of ecosystem, rational control of tagging, and improvement of librarian information literacy can reduce the negative effect of tagging.