Background and purpose:The gastric cancer is the highest incidence of malignant tumors in the world. The main treatment methods for gastric cancer are operation and chemotherapy. But the effect is not good. With the rapid development of economy and molecular biology, early diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy for gastric cancer has become a research hotspot. The oncogene overexpression and the anti-oncogene lower expression are closely related with gastric cancer.CDC4/FBXW7 is an anti-oncogene, butc-Myc is an oncogene. The previous research showed that CDC4 affected the expression of many oncogenes, such as Cyclin E. This study aimed to investigate the expression of CDC4 and c-Myc in gastric cancer and to elucidate the potential relationship between their expressions and clinical pathological characteristics.Methods:Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (sRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and Western blot method were used to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of CDC4 and c-Myc in 40 specimens of gastric carcinoma tissues, corresponding adjacent tissues and normal mucosal tissues. The expressions of CDC4 and c-Myc and the clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results:The protein expressions of CDC4 in gastric cancer tissues were signiifcantly lower than those in adjacent tissues and normal mucosal tissues (P<0.05), whereas the protein expression of c-Myc in gastric cancer tissues was signiifcantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal mucosal tissues (P<0.05). The protein and mRNA expression of CDC4 and c-Myc were correlated with differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, inifltration, but not with patients’ gender, age and site of cancer (P<0.05). There was a signiifcant negative correlation between CDC4 and c-Myc at the mRNA and protein expression levels (P<0.05).Conclusion:The lower expression of CDC4 is correlated with differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and inifltration. c-Myc overexpression is likely to be the CDC4 loss. It suggests that the loss of CDC4 may be a valuable marker for assessing the diagnosis and treatment and the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To measure 5Fu concentration after intraoperative regional arterial perfusion chemotherapy in gastric antrum cancer patients.Method In this study,32 gastric antrum cancer patients intraoperatively received through right gastroepiploic artery intraarterial perfusion of 5-Fu (1000 mg/m2),and drug conentrations were measured in portal venous blood,peripheral venous blood,peritoneal fluid and in removed cancer tissues 2,5,10,20,30,60 minutes after infusion started by high performance liquid chromatography method.Result 5-Fu in portal vein blood and peritoneal fluid reached peak concentration after 2 minutes at (48.8 ±6.8) μg1/ml and (75.3 ±30.7) μg/ml,respectively.The drug concentration in portal venous blood was (19.2 ± 2.0) μg/ml at 30 minutes and that in peritoneal fluid was (17.3 ±7.4) μg/ml at 60 minutes,both were higher than that of the effective experimental tumor suppressing concentration (15 μg/ml).Peripheral venous blood concentration reached peak concentration of (5.4 ± 2.0) μg/ml at 5 minute.The drug concentration in removed cancer tissues was (80.5 ± 20.1) μg,/ml.Conclusions Regional intraarterial perfusion chemotherapeutics in gastric antrum cancer patients during operation immediately makes the concentration of chemotherapy rise in the portal vein blood and peritoneal fluid and in cancer tissues to a much higher level than that in peripheral blood.This helps kill cancer cells that fell out during the surgery.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of sodium aescinate in the treatment of patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids.Methods177 patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids were randomly divided into two groups,the treated group( n =87 ) and the control group( n =90).Patients in the control group were treated with external hemorrhoids suppositories ( 1 per time,bid),while patients in the treated group took sodium aescinate orally(2 per time,Bid).After the 7-day course of treatment,the efficacy of sodium aescinate was determined.ResultsThere was significant difference between the two groups in the total obvious effective rate and the total effective rate(P ＜0.01 ).Compared with the control group,the symptoms of hematochezia and anal pain were more improved in the treated group( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was significant difference between the two groups in the hemorrhoidal mucosa,prolapse,the size of hemorrhoids and total score difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The total obvious effective rate and the total effective rate of the treated group were 87.4％ and 95.4％.ConclusionSodium aescinate had better clinical effect in the treatment of patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids.

Objective To investigate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) and bascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in gastric carcinoma and elucidate the potential relationship between their overex-pression and clinical pathological characteristics. Methods Immunohistochemical assay was performed to detect the protein expression of PDGF-D and VEGF in tissues. Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain re-action (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of PDGF-D and VEGF in part of random selec-ting gastric carcinoma samples. The correlation between the expression of PDGF-D and VEGF, and the relationship between the expression of PDGF-D, VEGF and the clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed. Results The protein expression of PDGF-D and VEGF in gastric carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal gastric mucosa(P <0.05) ;The expression of PDGF-D and VEGF correlated with TNM staging, depth of invasion and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05), while the expression of PDGF-D also correlated to histolog-ical differentiation (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between PDGF-D and VEGF at the mR-NA and protein expression levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion PDGF-D and VEGF specifically highly expressed in gastric carcinoma. The abnormal expression may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of gas-tric carcinoma.

Background and purpose: The Testin gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene located at 7q31.2. Our purpose was to investigate the expression of Testin gene, and its possible relationship with the clinicopathological features of human colorectal carcinoma. Methods: Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate the expression of Testin in 60 specimens of colorectal carcinomas and corresponding adjacent normal mucosal tissues. The correlations of Testin to clinicopathologic features of colorectal carcinoma were analyzed. Results: The mRNA level of Testin was down-regulated in colorectal carcinomas. The positive rate of Testin protein was significantly lower than the paracancerous mucosal normal tissues (P<0.01). The expression of Testin protein and mRNA was correlated with infiltration, differentiation, Dukes stage, T stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05), but not with patients' gender, age, site of cancer (P>0.05). The expression of Testin protein was lower in the tissues which were deeper infiltrated, poorer differentiated, advanced in Dukes stage and T stage, or with lymph node or remote metastasis. The expression of Testin mRNA was positively associated with that of Testin protein(r=0.75,P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression level of Testin is significantly down-regulated in colorectal carcinomas, which may be associated with the degree of infiltration, differentiation and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. It suggests that Testin may be a valuable marker for assessing the prognosis and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-D(PDGF-D) and bascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in gastric carcinoma and elucidate the potential relationship between their overexpression and clinical pathological characteristics.Methods Immunohistochemical assay was performed to detect the protein expression of PDGF-D and VEGF in tissues.Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of PDGF-D and VEGF in part of random selecting gastric carcinoma samples.The correlation between the expression of PDGF-D and VEGF,and the relationship between the expression of PDGF-D,VEGF and the clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results The protein expression of PDGF-D and VEGF in gastric carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal gastric mucosa(P

Objective To study the distal intramural spread of rectal carcinoma, and provide evidence for modification of rectal carcinoma surgery. Methods Sixty patients with rectal carcinoma admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing university of medical science from November 2001 to October 2002 were included. The specimens were extended to its original size and shape by the fat clearing method. Mesenteric lymph nodes were dissected by using transillumination to examine metastases histologically, then a lymph nodes map was produced which including the site of the primary lesion, the vascular distribution, and the sites of dissected nodes. The specimen below the distal margin of the tumor was cut continuously with 0.5 cm interval then sectioned for histopathological examination. Results Tumor spread to the distal intramural was observed in 11 of 60 patients (18.3%) with the range within 1.5 cm, of which less than 0.5 cm in 5 case, 5 cm to 1.0 cm in 2 cases, 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm in 4 cases. The tumor invasion was correlated with gross type, histological type and infiltrative depth, but not with sex, age, location of the tumor, size of the tumor, lymph nodes metastases and Dukes stage. Conclusion The range of distal mural excision should exceed 1.5 cm to tumor margin in radical surgery for rectal carcinoma. This rule should be emphasized for patients with poor cell differentiation and deep infiltration.

Objective To observe the effects of oxaliplatin on proliferation in human colon carcinoma cell lines HT29 in vitro and investigate the mechanism. Methods The inhibition of proliferation in HT29 cell was estimated by MTT test. Morphologic changes were observed under electron microscope. Distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometry. The expression of cell cycle protein and apoptosis-associated gene protein was detected with immunohistochemical technique. Results Oxaliplatin could inhibit the proliferation of HT29 cells and the inhibition depended on the exposure dose and time. When treated with oxaliplatin for 72 h, apoptotic cells and apoptotic body could be found under the transmission electronic microscope. The analysis of cell cycle indicated that oxaliplatin blocked cells at G2/M phases and cells of G0/G1 and S phase reduced. The expression of Fas and Bax was up-regulated; Bcl-2, CyclinB1, and PCNA down-regulated. Conclusion Oxaliplatin could inhibit proliferation of the colon carcinoma cell lines HT29. The mechanism of inhibited proliferation is related to the induced apoptosis and the blocked cells.

Objective To analyze the relative risk factors of elderly patients with abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma.Methods The risk factors for hospital death and postoperative complications in 137 elderly patients who had undergone abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma from July 1995 to July 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The risk factors included coexistent diseases,hemoglobin level less than 70 g/L,body mass index(BMI)less than 18.5 kg/m2,intraoperative blood loss more than 1 000 ml,operating time longer than 6 h.The relative risk ratio were 4.76,5.85,6.49,5.47,3.90 respectively for hospital death,and 2.02,2.27,1.83,2.01,1.70 for postoperative complications.Conclusion The risk factors of the elderly patients with abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma should be considered carefully during the perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the correlation between moderate hypoxia and maliglant transformation of colon carcinoma cell line HT-29.Methods Hypoxic conditions were produced according to p(O2)of tumor in vivo.The heterotypic adhesiveness of HT-29 cells was detected by MTT assay.Their reaction to the hypoxic environment was determined via invasion across a Matrigel-coated Transwell filter.At 0,6,12,24 and 48 h after hypoxia,MMP-2/9 activities were assessed by gelatin zymography,and osteopontin mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.NF-?B/p65 levels in nucleus was measured by Western blot after extraction of nucleic protein.Results After 24-hour moderate hypoxia,the heterotypic adhesiveness and invasive capacity of HT-29 cells were significantly enchanced.MMP-2,MMP-9 activities under moderate hypoxia for 6 h showed no significant change as compared with that under normoxia,then gradually up-regulated and reached the peak at 24 h.They showed no significant difference between 24 h and 48 h after hypoxia.The expression trend of osteopontin mRNA,protein and NF-?B/p65 protein in nucleus was similar to that of MMP-2,MMP-9 under moderate hypoxia.Conclusion Moderate hypoxia could induce maliglant transformation in HT-29 cells through enhancing heterotypic adhesiveness and invasive capacity and upregulating MMP-2,MMP-9 activities.OPN-NF-?B may be an important regulatory pathway besides HIF-1 under hypoxic condition,which involves maliglant phenotype induced by moderate hypoxia.