Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia among HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 years and above receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide insights into the prevention and intervention of chronic diseases for these populations. Methods: The HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 years and above receiving ART were recruited at designated HIV/AIDS medical institutions in Wuxi City using the convenient sampling method from March to June 2024. Demographic information, treatment status and self-reported prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the prevalence of chronic diseases were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 830 HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART were surveyed, including 656 males (79.04%) and 375 patients aged 50 to <60 years (45.18%). Among them, 366 patients reported having at least one type of chronic disease, including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, with a self-reported prevalence rate of 44.10%. Specifically, 280, 114 and 61 patients reported having hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, with the self-reported prevalence rates of 33.73%, 13.73% and 7.35%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male patients (OR=1.725, 95%CI: 1.187-2.507), those with monthly income less than 3 000 yuan (OR=1.521, 95%CI: 1.122-2.063), those with body mass index of 24 kg/m2 and above (OR=1.577, 95%CI: 1.168-2.130), those who initiated ART at ages of 50 years and above (50 to <60 years, OR=1.535, 95%CI: 1.052-2.238; ≥60 years, OR=3.322, 95%CI: 2.191-5.038), those with ART duration of 10 years and above (OR=2.069, 95%CI: 1.419-3.017), and those who received non-first-line regimens (OR=1.776, 95%CI: 1.304-2.418) had higher risks of developing at least one type of chronic disease, including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Conclusions The self-reported prevalence of at least one type of chronic disease, including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia among HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 years and above receiving ART in Wuxi City was 44.10%. Gender, monthly income, body mass index and ART status are the main influencing factors for the risk of chronic diseases.

Objective:To understand the uptake of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and related factors among male sex workers (MSW) and provide references for the promotion of PEP.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling to recruit MSW participants with the help of a community-based organization in October 2023, in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province. The sample size was estimated at 340 people. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect their social demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, knowledge, beliefs, and uptake of PEP. A logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with the uptake of PEP in MSW. The SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 357 participants were recruited, mainly aged 18-20 (55.7%,199/357), unmarried (94.4%,337/357), and having an education background of junior high school or below (50.1%,179/357). Among 357 participants, 64.4% (230/357) knew about PEP, 51.0% (182/357) believed in the efficacy of PEP, and 13.4% (48/357) had experience of using PEP. Among 68 respondents having high-risk sexual behaviors in the past 3 months, 17.6% (12/68) have had uptake of PEP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that group sex with men in the past 3 months (a OR=7.51, 95% CI: 1.37-41.09), HIV testing in the past 3 months (a OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.16-7.16), the experience of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (a OR=30.18,95% CI: 12.60-72.24) and believing in the efficacy of PEP (a OR=2.94, 95% CI: 1.04-8.29) were the associated factors with the uptake of PEP in MSW. Conclusions:Although the overall uptake rate of PEP in MSW was high, the proportion of using PEP was still low among participants having high-risk sexual behaviors in the past 3 months. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen HIV risk awareness education considering their characteristics and promote timely uptake of PEP to interrupt HIV transmission.

Anthropometric indexes play a crucial role in identifying obesity. However, as an internationally commonly used indicator of obesity diagnosis, BMI has limitations in distinguishing lean body mass from fat mass. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a novel anthropometric index, assesses adiposity through standardized waist circumference for weight, which presents an excellent capacity to predict the morbidity and mortality risks of various diseases. However, research on WWI is still in the exploratory stage, and there is a lack of unified standards for using this indicator to determine obesity. In addition, its potential application in children and adolescents also urgently needs to be explored. Therefore, this article comprehensively summarizes and compares the distinctive characteristics between WWI and other obesity-related anthropometric indexes. Bibliometric methods are used to analyze the hotspots and trends of WWI-related research, and we focus on discussing the value of WWI in predicting adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver and kidney diseases. We aim to promote the application of WWI in a broader field and fully demonstrate its important public health significance and broad application prospects.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of the medial protrusio technique on the acetabular cup in adult patients with developmental hip(DDH)after total hip arthroplasty.Methods The CT scanning data of bilateral hips from an adult patient with unilateral DDH were obtained further to develop a finite element model of the affected hemipelvis.The medial protrusio technique with various levels of medial protrusio was simulated,and the biomechanical differences between the medial protrusio and non-protrusio groups were evaluated.Results In the simulated pull-out test,the maximum anti-pull-out load strength of the non-protrusio group was 1 166 N.Compared with the non-protrusio group,the anti-pull-out load strength of the 4 mm and 8 mm medial protrusio groups increased by 45.8％and 57.1％,respectively.The peak micromotion at the cup-bone interface for the non-protrusio group was 166.4 μm in the standing phase of the gait cycle,and that of the 4 mm and 8 mm medial protrusio groups was decreased by 46.2％and 62.1％,respectively.Regarding the immediate stress distributions of periacetabular bone tissues following cup implantation,the differences between the groups were not significant.Under the loading condition of the standing phase,the non-protrusio group yielded the lowest average and peak stresses.The average stress increased with the level of medial protrusio,and the highest peak stress was observed in the 4 mm medial protrusio group.Conclusions The medial protrusio technique can improve the initial stability of the acetabular cup,and the initial stability is positively proportional to the protrusio level.However,owing to the concentration of marginal stress at the cup-bone interface,a minor medial protrusio cup with insufficient bone coverage might increase the risk of various prosthesis-related complications.

Objective To investigate the impact of acacetin(Aca)on angiogenesis in diabetes retinopathy(DR)rats by regulating Hippo signaling pathway.Methods Sixty SD rats were grouped into the control group,the DR group,the Aca low dose group(10 mg/kg),the Aca medium dose group(20 mg/kg),the Aca high dose group(30 mg/kg)and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway inhibitor Verteporfin group(Aca high dose 30 mg/kg+Verteporfin 0.8 pmol/kg),with 10 rats in each group.Except the control group,streptozotocin and high-fat feed were used to construct the DR model.Body weight and fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels of rats were measured.Fluorescein angiography(FFA)was applied to observe retinal angiogenesis and fluorescein leakage.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and angiopoietin-2(Ang-2).Pathological changes of retinal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot assay was applied to detect expression levels of VEGF,hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha(HIF-1α),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)and Hippo signaling pathway proteins.Results Compared with the control group,retinal cells of rats in the DR group were arranged in a disordered and loose manner,with neovascularization and a large amount of fluorescein leakage,and body weight,the expression of large tumor suppressor homolog 2(LATS2),p-Yes-associated protein(YAP)were reduced.FBG and expression levels of VEGF,Ang-2,HIF-1α,VCAM-1,YAP,transcription activator with PDZ binding motif(TAZ),TEA domain family member 1(TEAD1)were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the DR group,retina cells of rats in the Aca low,medium and high-dose groups and the Verteporfin group were arranged neatly,with reduced neovascularization and fluorescence leakage,body weight and the expression levels of LATS2 and p-YAP were increased,and FBG,expression levels of VEGF,Ang-2,HIF-1α,VCAM-1,YAP,TAZ and TEAD1 were reduced(P＜0.05).The effect was more obvious in the Aca high dose group.However,there was no significant difference in each indicator between the Verteporfin group and the Aca high dose group.Conclusion Aca can inhibit angiogenesis and improve retinal pathological damage in DR rats,and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating the Hippo signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the incidence and factors of the influence of preoperative related factors on postoperative orthopedic evaluation, through the evaluation of thoracic shape orthopedic evaluation of children pectus excavatum, during plate implantation after Nuss procedure.Methods:From April 2012 to April 2019, the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively for 159 hospitalized cases of Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum in Xi’an Children’s Hospital.The mean age was(6.8±3.4) years old(3.2-17.0 years old); males 124, females 35; Haller index 4.0±1.0(2.7-7.5); 6 cases(4%) were poor orthopedic evaluation with the thoracic shape, males 5, femal 1; 23 cases (14%) were average satisfied with the thoracic shape, males 16, femals 7; 130 cases (82%)were good orthopedic evaluation with the thoracic, males 103, femals 27. Follow-ups were conducted for at least 2 years, Retrospective analysis of the relationship between postoperative thoracic satisfaction and age, gender, Haller index, how the plates were placed during surgery and symmetry of funnel chest, t test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were statistically significant differences between thoracic orthopedic evaluation after postoperative and classification of pectus excavatum ( P=0.001), and poor orthopedic evaluation after asymmetric pectus excavatum operationand ; There were no significant differences in gender, Haller index, surgical method and how the plates were placed during surgery( P>0.05). However, it can be seen from the mean and percentage that with the decrease of age, and the increase of Haller index, the orthopedic evaluation gradually becomes worse. Conclusion:According to our single-center study, asymmetric pectus excavatum is a factor for poor orthopedic evaluation during plate implantation after Nuss, especially for young children and children with larger Haller index.

Objective:Based on the method of metabonomics, the intervention effect of Dingchuan decoction on neutrophilic asthma and its possible mechanism were analyzed from the changes of endogenous metabolites.Methods:Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (group A), neutrophilic asthma model group (group B), Dingchuan decoction low dose treatment group (group C), Dingchuan decoction medium dose treatment group (group D), and Dingchuan decoction high dose treatment group (group E), with 8 mice in each group.B/C/D/E group used ovalbumin (OVA) and complete Freund′s adjuvant (CFA) to induce sensitized mice to establish neutrophilic asthma model, and C/D/E group used Dingchuan decoction with different concentrations of crude drugs for intervention treatment.Buxco small animal lung function tester was used to evaluate the airway reactivity of mice; The total number of white blood cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was counted by counting plate, and the number was classified by cell smear staining; The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.The serum metabolites of mice in each group were detected by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with four pole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The commonly used principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were used for statistical analysis of the metabolite profiles in serum. The intervention effect of Dingchuan decoction and its possible mechanism were reflected from the changes of endogenous metabolites.Results:(1) General behavior observation: except mice in group A, mice in other groups showed asthma symptoms of different degrees during the challenge period. The symptoms of mice in each treatment group (group C, D, E) of Dingchuan decoction were less than those in group B. (2) Airway reactivity: the airway reactivity of mice in group B to methacholine (MCh) increased with the inhalation concentration, and the airway resistance at each concentration of MCh was significantly higher than that in group A (all P<0.01); the airway reactivity in group C, D and E was lower than that in group B (all P<0.01); the airway reactivity in group D and E was lower than that in group C (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in airway reactivity between group D and E ( P>0.05). (3) Airway inflammatory cell infiltration: the total number of white blood cells (WBC) and percentage of neutrophil in BALF of group B were significantly higher than those of group A (all P<0.01). The total WBC and percentage of neutrophil in group C, D and E were lower than those in group B (all P<0.01). The total number of WBC and percentage of neutrophil in group D and E were lower than those in group C (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference between group D and group E (all P>0.05). (4) Pathological changes of lung tissues: no pathological changes were observed in the lung tissues of group A mice. In group B, typical pathological changes such as bronchial lumen stenosis, intraluminal mucosal folds hyperplasia, epithelial cell exfoliation, swelling, mucous embolus, alveolar and lung tissue structure destruction, massive inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchus and blood vessels were observed, among which neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration were the most obvious. The damage of lung tissue structure, bronchial mucosa edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in Dingchuan decoction treatment groups were significantly improved compared with group B, and the pathological changes of lung tissue in group D were relatively light. (5) Metabolomics analysis: PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis of serum metabolites in each group showed that serum metabolites in group A and group B were significantly different. The metabolic pathway analysis showed that Dingchuan decoction with different crude drug concentrations could improve the metabolic disorders caused by asthma in different degrees. Conclusions:Dingchuan decoction can effectively reduce airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice with neutrophil asthma, and effectively regulate metabolic abnormalities caused by neutrophil asthma.

Objective To investigate the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination in the efficacy evaluation of infliximab combined with seton placement for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (PFCD) and influencing factors of deep remission.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 57 patients with PFCD who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from August 2010 to October 2017 were collected.There were 39 males and 18 females,aged (24±9)years,with a range of 14-58 years.Patients underwent MRI examination preoperatively and postoperatively.Observation indicators:(1) follow-up situations;(2) influencing factors analysis of deep remission of PFCD.Follow-up using outpatient and inpatient reexamination was performed to detect clinical recovery of patients up to October 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage.The univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test.The multivariate analysis was done using the logistic regression model,using P＜0.15 as an inclusion criteria in the univariate analysis.Results (1) Follow-up situations:57 patients with PFCD undergoing inflixmab combined with seton placement were followed up for (40±24)months.During the follow-up,24 of 57 patients had clinical response,33 had long-term clinical healing.The fistulas of 24 patients with clinical response presented as high signal on T2 weighted image (T2WI) of postoperative MRI.Of 33 patients with long-term clinical healing,the fistulas of 16 patients with deep remission presented loss of high signal and replacement of fibrosis tissue on T2WI of postoperative MRI,the fistulas of 17 patients without deep remission presented as high signal on T2WI of postoperative MRI.(2) Influencing factors analysis of deep remission of PFCD:results of univariate analysis showed that extent of fistula was related factors affecting deep remission of PFCD (x2 =4.312,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that a single fistula complicated with branches and times of infliximab maintenance treatment ≤3 were independent risk factors affecting deep remission of PFCD (odds ratio=4.377,4.296,95％ confidence interval:1.124-17.043,1.158-15.940,P＜0.05) and fistula under levator ani muscle was an independent protective factor affecting deep remission of PFCD (odds ratio =0.182,95％ confidence interval:0.041-0.815,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Partial patients with long-term clinical healing can achieve deep remission after Infliximab combined with seton placement for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease,requiring MRI examination to further evaluate recovery situations.A single fistula complicated with branches and times of infliximab maintenance treatment ≤ 3 are independent risk factors affecting deep remission of PFCD and fistula under levator ani muscle is an independent protective factor affecting deep remission of PFCD.

Objective: To explore the effect of the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs) on the pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis rats. Methods: SPF male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, silica model group and UC-MSCs treatment group with 12 rats each group. SiO₂ intra-tracheal injection(0.5 ml of 50 mg/ml/rat) were applied to silica model group and UC-MSCs treatment groups. After that UC-MSCs treatment group received 1 ml UC-MSCs suspension (3×10⁶ cells/ml) by tail vein injection on the 29th, 36th, 43th and 50th day after exposure to the first silica suspension. On the 60th and 75th day after exposure to silica suspension, all animals were examed for pulmonary CT. Then the rats were euthanized on 75th day after the first exposure to silica.Lung's histopathological examination of the rats from all the groups were carried out. The content of hydroxyproline in lungs, TGF-β1 and IL-6 in serum were examined. Results: The lung's histopathological examination showed no obvious inflammatory cell and no fibrosis in the lung tissue of the control group, there were a lot of inflammatory cell aggregation and collagen fiber deposition in silica model group, while in the UC-MSCs intervention group and treatment group, there were less inflammatory cells and collagen fiber. The rats from silica model groups had higher HYP, TGF-β1 and IL-6 than the rats from UC-MSCs treatment group and control group. Lung fields of rats in the control group were clear and no obvious high-density shadow. Different-sized granular high-density shadows or reticular fibrous shadows were found diffusely distributed in the lungs of the rats in silica model group. Lung field of rats in UC-MSCs intervention group and treatment group were less high density shadows, and more clear. Conclusion UC-MSCs can alleviate the pulmonary fibrosis in silica model rats through regulating the secretion of some fibrosis related cytokines.

Objective : To assess family environmental factors that impact caries in children during a follow-up study for family-based community oral health promotion models. Methods: This study was conducted from June to December 2015. A total of 200 households were selected from Jinzhou community in Nanning with the random sampling method. The data were collected through oral examinations and questionnaire surveys of family members. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between family environment factors, such as socioeconomic and family-related behaviors, and caries in children. Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, families in which more than 1, 000 mL of sugar drinks were purchased per month; those in which the family members had a low frequency of brushing (occasionally or not); those in which the mother had a high frequency of drinking sweet drinks (more than one time each day), brushed with low frequency (less than 2 times), had no regular oral examination in the past year, or had low scores in oral health attitude and knowledge; those in which the father/mother had a low level of education (short-cycle courses and under); and those with a low annual household income (less than 50, 000 RMB) had children with high rates of dental caries. Families purchasing sugar drinks >1 000 mL per month were 2.22 times more likely than families purchasing sugar drinks ≤1 000 mL per month to have caries in children. Conclusion Family environmental factors exert a certain influence on children's caries, and this information is a useful reference for a follow-up study.