Objective To explore the treatment of infection after spinal internal fixation.Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with infection after spinal internal fixation in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.The bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing were performed to identify the pathogenic bacteria and sensitive antibiotics.Moxifloxacin and/or vancomycin were used empirically for anti-infective therapies first,and then sensitive antibiotics were used according to the results of bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing.At the same time,imaging examination was performed to determine the infection site and internal fixation,and surgical treatment was decided based on the patients'condition.After operation,the body temperature,inflammatory indexes and drainage of patients were monitored continuously,and the drainage fluid was taken for bacterial culture regularly to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results The results of bacterial culture in 5 patients were positive and the pathogenic bacteria was staphylococcus aureus,with the susceptibility to vancomycin by susceptibility testing.Among them,1 patient was treated with vancomycin for about 8 weeks because of his advanced age,more basic diseases and high risk of operation;the other 4 patients were received surgery combined with anti-infective treatment with vancomycin for 2 to 4 weeks.One case with negative bacterial culture received surgery combined with anti-infective treatment with imipenem and moxifloxacin.The wound of all patients healed in grade A,the body temperature and inflammatory indexes returned to normal,the low back pain disappeared,and the nerve root symptoms of lower extremities were significantly improved.Conclusion Once the patients with infection after spinal internal fixation are diagnosed,the pathogenic bacterial should be identified as early as possible and sensitive antibiotics should be used.Meanwhile,the internal fixation is removed or re-implanted depending on whether it is infected.

Objective:To determine the differential expressions of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)and messenger RNA(mRNA)in normal and asthenospermia(AS)men and analyze their biological significance in AS.Methods:We isolated and ex-tracted total RNAs from 9 normal and 9 AS sperm samples,determined the expressions of RNAs in the sperm using the DNBSEQ se-quencing platform,and analyzed their relevant functions by gene ontology enrichment(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and ge-nomes pathway(KEGG)analyses.Results:An average of 10.64G data was generated per group,with 282 185 RNAs detected,in-cluding 107 009 lncRNAs.Among the total number of lncRNAs,15 157 were differentially expressed,2 190 upregulated and 12 967 downregulated;and among the 19 514 mRNAs,13 736 were differentially expressed,4 995 upregulated and 8 741 downregulated.Differentially expressed genes were enriched mainly in the sperm cell membrane and the pathways related to the ion channel functions,sperm development and fertilization.Conclusion:Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs can be identified by sequencing a-nalysis of AS and normal sperm.Regulation of sperm function through membrane ion channels may contribute to the development of AS,which provides a molecular basis for further research on AS.

【Objective】To observe the levels of CD11b expressions in the surface of neutrophils in serum，and its correlation with left atrial diameter ，and to study the inflammatory mechanisms in atrial fibrillation（AF） patients. 【Methods】Clinical characteristics and blood samples of AF group and sinal rhythm group were collected. CD11b levels in the surface of neutrophils were examined by flow cytometry. Left atrial diameter was examined by echocardiography. 【Results】The AF group included 85 patients ：36 with paroxysmal AF；26 with persistent AF；23 with permanent AF. The sinal rhythm group includes 57 patients. PMN- CD11b levels were significantly higher in Af group than in sinal rhythm group（P＜0.01）. The left atrial diameter was larger in AF group than in sinal rhythm group（P＜0.01）. Multivariate analysis revealed that PMN-CD11b，left atrial diameter and Valvular heart disease were independent predictors of atrial fibrillation.【Conclusions】PMN- CD11b levels were elevated in paroxysmal AF when AF was present and in persistent， permanent AF patients，implying atrial fibrillation was closely related to inflammation；PMN-CD11b were correlated with left atrial diameter，inflammation might participate in the atrial structural remodeling in AF patients ；PMN-CD11b levels were elevated in AF patients with high risk thrombosis，inflammation might have some value to embolic risk stratification according to CHA2DS2-VASc score.

Based on standard carotid endarterectomy, we performed modified carotid endarterectomy in two cases of carotid artery stenosis by changing the direction of the carotid artery incision to avoid restenosis of the internal carotid artery without using a patch. The two patients recovered smoothly without any complications. Compared with eversion or patch endarterectomy, this modified carotid endarterectomy avoids restenosis of the carotid artery and shortens operation time.

Due to the negative autopsy and without cardiac structural abnormalities, unexpected sudden cardiac death （USCD） is always a tough issue for forensic pathological expertise. USCD may be associated with parts of fatal arrhythmic diseases. These arrhythmic diseases may be caused by disorders of cardiac ion channels or channel-related proteins. Caveolin can combine with multiple myocardial ion channel proteins through its scaffolding regions and plays an important role in maintaining the depolarization and repolarization of cardiac action potential. When the structure and function of caveolin are affected by gene mutations or abnormal protein expression, the functions of the regulated ion channels are correspondingly impaired, which leads to the occurrence of multiple channelopathies, arrhythmia or even sudden cardiac death. It is important to study the effects of caveolin on the functions of ion channels for exploring the mechanisms of malignant arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology* ; Autopsy ; Caveolins/metabolism* ; Channelopathies/genetics* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/metabolism* ; Mutation ; Myocardium

OBJECTIVES: To explore the genetic variation sites of caveolin （CAV） and their correlation with sudden unexplained death （SUD）. METHODS: The blood samples were collected from SUD group （71 cases）, coronary artery disease （CAD） group （62 cases） and control group （60 cases）, respectively. The genome DNA were extracted and sequencing was performed directly by amplifying gene coding region and exon-intron splicing region of CAV1 and CAV3 using PCR. The type of heritable variation of CVA was confirmed and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 4 variation sites that maybe significative were identified in SUD group, and two were newfound which were CAV1： c.45C>T （T15T） and CAV1：c.512G>A （R171H）, and two were SNP loci which were CAV1：c.246C>T （rs35242077） and CAV3：c.99C>T （rs1008642） and had significant difference （P<0.05） in allele and genotype frequencies between SUD and control groups. Forementioned variation sites were not found in CAD group. CONCLUSIONS The variants of CAV1 and CAV3 may be correlated with a part of SUD group.
Caveolins/genetics* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Death, Sudden/etiology* ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the roots of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey. The compounds were isolated through various chromatography techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated by infrared (IR), mass spectrometric (MS), 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses in comparison with reference data. In addition, the cytotoxicity of these compounds against human breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells was evaluated by the MTT assay. Two new steroidal glycosides, 25(R, S)-ruscogenin-1-O-[β-D-fucopyranosyl (1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]β-D-glucopyranoside (Liriopem I, 1) and 25(R, S)- ruscogenin-1-O-[β-D-fucopyranosyl (1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-D-fucopyranoside (Liriopem II, 2 and two known compounds LM-S6 (3) and DT-13 (4) were isolated and identified. Liriopem I(1), liriopem II(2) and DT-13 (4) showed remarkable cytotoxicity with IC50 values being (0.58 ± 0.08), (0.05 ± 0.10), and (0.15 ± 0.09) μg·mL(-1), respectively. In summary, compounds 1 and 2 identified in the present study exerted cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, providing a basis for future development of these compounds as novel anticancer agents.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Humans ; Liriope Plant ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism that how human enterovirus 71 (EV71) invades the brainstem and how intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) participates by analyzing the expression and distribution of human EV71, and ICAM-1 in brainstem of infants with brain stem encephalitis. METHODS: Twenty-two brainstem of infants with brain stem encephalitis were collected as the experimental group and 10 brainstems of fatal congenital heart disease were selected as the control group. The sections with perivascular cuffings were selected to observe EV71-VP1 expression by immunohistochemistry method and ICAM-1 expression was detected for the sections with EV71-VP1 positive expression. The staining image analysis and statistics analysis were performed. The experiment and control groups were compared. RESULTS: (1) EV71-VP1 positive cells in the experimental group were mainly astrocytes in brainstem with [dark]-brown particles, and the control group was negative. (2) ICAM-1 positive cells showed [dark]-brown. The expression in inflammatory cells (around blood vessels of brain stem and in glial nodules) and gliocytes increased. The results showed statistical difference comparing with control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The brainstem encephalitis can be used to diagnose fatal EV71 infection in infants. EV71 can invade the brainstem via hematogenous route. ICAM-1 may play an important role in the pathogenic process.
Astrocytes/pathology* ; Brain Stem/virology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Encephalitis, Viral/virology* ; Enterovirus A, Human/metabolism* ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism* ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of serum total IgE, tryptase and chymase in the identification of death caused by drug anaphylactic shock. METHODS: The general information from 235 cases of non-drug anaphylactic shock and 32 cases of drug anaphylactic shock were analyzed. The serum IgE level had been detected in the cases. Ten cases caused by coronary disease and 10 cases caused by sudden manhood death syndrome were selected from non-drug anaphylactic shock cases for the control group. Expressions of tryptase and chymase in the lung and heart were detected using immunohistochemistry method. The number and IOD of positive mast cells were counted. RESULTS: In the drug anaphylactic shock group, the IgE value of 18 samples (56.25%) was significantly higher than the normal upper limit of 120 IU/mL. In the non-drug anaphylactic shock group, the IgE value of 67 samples (28.51%) was higher than 120 IU/mL. The expressions of tryptase and chymase were significantly increased in lung and myocardial tissue in drug anaphylactic shock group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Tryptase and chymase are more superior than that of the serum total IgE in the diagnosis of death caused by drug anaphylactic shock, and are more suitable in forensic practice.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anaphylaxis/pathology* ; Autopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chymases/metabolism* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Female ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Lung/pathology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Tryptases/metabolism* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore VEGF siRNA's effect on the immature fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

METHODThe fresh retinal micrangium was primarily cultured to obtain microvascular endothelial cells. CoCl2 was used to simulate oxygen-deficient conditions. siRNA directed against human VEGF was designed and chemically synthesized. There were 3 groups in our experiment: VEGF siRNA group, hypoxia control group, and negative siRNA control group. The fetal retinal micrangium vascular endothelial cells were transfected by using liposome. The expression levels of VEGF mRNA and protein were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting 24, 48, 72 h after transfection, cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT method.

RESULTThe expression levels of VEGF mRNA decreased by 21.05%, 79.67%, and 90.48% 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after transfection as compared to those in hypoxia control group, the expression level of VEGF protein had decreased by 14.58%, 66.97%, and 81.61% as compared to those in hypoxia control group. The siRNA could decrease cell proliferation under hypoxia too, the multiplication rate after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h decreased by 15.0%, 42.9%, 78.3% and 65.9%.

CONCLUSIONVEGF siRNA could down-regulate the expression of VEGF in immature fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells and suppressed cell proliferation. Application of siRNA to inhibit expression of VEGF may be a hopeful way to prevent and cure ROP.

Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Retina ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retinal Vessels ; cytology ; metabolism ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism