The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.
Musa/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Fungal Proteins ; Cell Nucleus ; Histones ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

Standardized patient (SP) has been widely used for medical teaching and assessment in medical colleges at home and abroad. Pediatric consultations are mostly directed toward parents, so in pediatric education, SP is usually referred to as standardized family (Sfam), which is trained to portray the patient's family members. At present, the development of Sfam in pediatric teaching in China is relatively slow. Based on the characteristics of pediatric teaching, the paper summarizes the necessity of Sfam, the application of different types of Sfam, the integration of Sfam with other clinical teaching methods, and the value of Sfam in pediatric teaching, and also discusses the future direction and prospects of Sfam combined with artificial intelligence in pediatric teaching. After years of development, Sfam has been proved to be an effective teaching model. We hope this paper can help more pediatric clinical educators gain a deeper understanding of the Sfam teaching method, and promote the application of Sfam in pediatric teaching to maximize its role in advancing the development of pediatric education.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in neck and shoulder among workers in pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises, so as to provide the basis for prevention of WMSDs. Methods: Workers in 8 pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from July to October 2023 were sampled using a stratified random sampling method, and demography, work conditions and WMSDs prevalence were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting WMSDs in neck and shoulder were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 343 workers were surveyed, including 496 males (36.93%) and 847 females (63.07%). The mean age of workers was 38 (15) years, and the length of service in current posts was 6 (8) years. There were 356 workers with WMSDs (26.51%), with 206 workers with neck WMSDs (15.34%) and 167 workers with shoulder WMSDs (12.43%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=1.692, 95%CI: 1.203-2.381), sufficient rest time (OR=0.660, 95%CI: 0.471-0.926) and maintaining same neck posture for a long time (OR=1.690, 95%CI: 1.148-2.510) were factors affecting neck WMSDs; gender (female, OR=1.572, 95%CI: 1.060-2.311), sufficient rest time (OR=0.619, 95%CI: 0.422-0.906), repetitive daily work (OR=1.678, 95%CI: 1.064-2.647), uncomfortable work posture (OR=3.791, 95%CI: 1.330-10.803), multiple repetitive movements per minute (OR: 1.988-2.413, 95%CI: 1.060-4.161) and maintaining same neck posture for a long time (OR=1.926, 95%CI: 1.218-3.043) were factors affecting shoulder WMSDs. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs in neck and shoulder are high among workers in pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises in Jinhua City, and mainly affected by gender, rest time and adverse ergonomics.

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of hookworm infection and its relevant behavioral factors in rural areas of Tiantai County， Zhejiang Province， and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of hookworm disease. MethodsBy using a stratified cluster random sampling strategy， local residents aged ≥3 years was divided into 5 districts according to geographical location； furthermore， those in one administrative village （surveillance site） were investigated in each district. Species of hookworm were identified by filter paper culture in vitro， and enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected by cellophane anal swab in children aged 3‒9 year. Risk factors were determined by questionnaire. ResultsA total of 1 013 residents were investigated in 5 surveillance sites. Thirty nine cases with hookworm infection were detected， with the total infection rate of 3.85% . All species detected were determined to be Necator americanus. The infection rate significantly differed across the towns （χ²=48.32， P<0.05）， with the highest rate in Nanping Town （10.95%） . It significantly differed by age groups （χ²=65.65， P<0.05）， with the highest rate in those aged >70 years （9.75%）. Furthermore， it decreased with educational background. It was significantly associated with fertilize with fresh manure （χ²=6.87， P<0.05） and barefoot labor （χ²=157.69， P<0.05）. ConclusionThe overall infection rate of hookworm in Tiantai County remains low. Dominant species of hookworm is hookworm Necator americanus. It is necessary to strengthen the advocacy of hookworm prevention and control knowledge， improve hygiene in work and life style， and increase self-protection awareness.

Background Electroplating technology is widely used in the mechanical manufacturing industry. Electroplating workers may be exposed to occupational hazards such as chromium, zinc, cyanides, and sulfuric acid. With the continuous improvement of protective conditions, occupational hazards have been effectively controlled, but there is less focus on the potential acute occupational poisoning that may occur during the electroplating process. Objective To identify causes of an acute chromium poisoning accident occurred during the cleaning process of electroplating tank in a hardware processing plant, and to formulate relevant prevention and control measures to avoid similar poisoning accidents. Methods Occupational history, medical history, and treatment process of the poisoned worker were inquired in detail, his inpatient medical records were consulted , and his blood samples were tested. Occupational health investigation and testing were carried out at the scene of the poisoning accident. Results The air concentration of peak exposure (CPE) and permissible concentration-time weighted average (CTWA) of chromium and its compounds in the workplace were 0.49 mg·m⁻³ and 0.31 mg·m⁻³ respectively. The results of auxiliary test were Serum chromium 4175.85 μg·L⁻¹, serum creatinine 1370.2 μmol·L⁻¹, urea 42.28 mmol·L⁻¹, and urine osmotic pressure 248 mosm·L⁻¹. The final diagnosis was occupational acute severe toxic nephropathy (chromium and its compounds) and occupational chemical skin moderate burn (chromic acid, sulfuric acid). The prescribed treatment included right lower limb expansion skin grafting, hemodialysis and symptomatic support. The patient’s condition was stable and gradually improved after the treatment. Conclusion The main causes of the poisoning accident include weak awareness of the employer of occupational disease prevention and control; failures in fulfilling legal obligations of occupational disease prevention and control, implementing effective occupational disease prevention measures, and providing proper occupational health and safety training and effective personal protective equipment. In order to protect the health of workers, the relevant government departments and employers should attach great importance to the prevention and control of occupational diseases, such as strengthening training and education, increasing the intensity of occupational health supervision, and urging employers to implement occupational disease prevention measures in accordance with the law.

TCM believes that spleen deficiency is the root cause of emotional abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and clinical treatment often involves the heart, liver and kidney. TCM therapy has a significant efficacy in CFS emotional abnormalities. It is mostly treated with oral administration of TCM, acupuncture, moxibustion and massage therapy. It may play a therapeutic role by improving oxidative stress and immune inflammation, regulating nerve-endocrine, controlling energy metabolism and other ways. It is suggested to establish the syndrome differentiation standard of CFS emotional abnormality in the future, so as to improve the accuracy of syndrome differentiation and treatment; form a perfect treatment guide or expert consensus to guide the standardized application of various internal and external treatment methods; explore objective indicators based on the pathogenesis, and focus on the morphological and functional changes of disease target brain regions with the help of neuroimaging techniques, so as to improve the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of CFS; based on the guidance of TCM theory, improve the CFS emotional abnormal animal modeling method.

Objective:To identify serum metabolic markers for early prediction and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted.The study subjects were from pregnant women enrolled in the Birth Cohort Study of the Women′s Hospital, Zhejiang University, from1 November 2018 to 30 March 2020.100 cases of GDM (GDM group, Age 36.03±3.91) and 150 non-GDM pregnant women matched for clinical information (control group, Age35.49±3.46) were retrospectively selected for the study. Fasting serum samples were collected at 15-20 weeks of gestation (prior to GDM diagnosis, T1 period) and 24-28 weeks of gestation (during GDM diagnosis, T2 period). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify GDM-related serum metabolic small molecules, including 1, 5-anhydroglucitol, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, phenylalanine, and isoleucine. These molecules, along with basic clinical information (age, gestational week, BMI) and standard biochemical indicators (FPG), were used to develop predictive models for the early detection of GDM at T1 and the diagnosis of GDM at T2. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests.Result:The results of the targeted quantitative validation study indicate: At the T1 stage, the level of 1, 5-anhydroglucitol was found to be significantly lower ( P=0.001) in the GDM group compared to the control group. Conversely, the level of isoleucine was significantly higher ( P=0.027) in the GDM group. There were no significant differences in the levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and phenylalanine between the two groups ( P>0.05). The combination of the 4 metabolites yielded the highest predictive value (AUC) for GDM at T1, with an AUC of 0.670 (95% CI: 0.602-0.739), P<0.001.At the T2 stage, the GDM group had significantly lower levels of 1, 5-anhydroglucitol ( P<0.05) and significantly higher levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and isoleucine ( P<0.05) than the control group, with no significant differences in phenylalanine levels ( P=0.626). The combination of the four metabolites had the highest diagnostic value (AUC) for GDM, 0.717 (95% CI 0.651-0.783), P<0.001.The analysis of seven different combinations of GDM prediction/diagnostic models created by combining four metabolites with basic clinical information and routine biochemical indicators showed: We found that the AUC value of the GDM diagnostic model built with FPG, BMI, pre-pregnancy BMI, age, gestational week, and the 4 metabolite indicators in T2 stage was the best, 0.794 (95% CI 0.736-0.851), P<0.001, with a sensitivity of 72%;The best AUC value for the GDM prediction model built with the same indicators at T1 was 0.711(95% CI 0.646-0.776), P<0.001, with a sensitivity of 77%. Conclusions:Four metabolic small molecules, 1, 5-anhydroxyglucitol, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, phenylalanine, and isoleucine, were integrated with clinical indicators (FPG) and clinical information (age, gestational week, BMI) to develop a predictive model for GDM at gestation (T1) and a diagnostic model for GDM at gestation (T2), demonstrating promising clinical prediction and diagnostic capabilities. 1, 5-Anhydroglucitol, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, phenylalanine, and isoleucine show potential as valuable markers for the prediction and diagnosis of GDM.

Objective To investigate the influence of serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels on the 3-year survival of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods A total of 358 patients with chronic renal failure who underwent MHD at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from April 2011 to October 2020 were selected as study subjects. General clinical data, pre-dialysis laboratory test indicators, and echocardiographic indicators 3 months after dialysis were recorded. The survival status of patients after 3 years of dialysis was followed up, and the general clinical data, pre-dialysis laboratory test indicators, and echocardiographic indicators 3 months after dialysis were compared between surviving and deceased patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen influencing factors of 3-year survival in MHD patients. Results At the 3-year follow-up, of the 302 MHD patients' 203 survived, and 99 died. Statistically significant differences were observed in age, primary disease, diabetes status, congestive heart failure, statin use, antiplatelet drug use, diuretic use, dialysis mode, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total bilirubin (TBIL), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), creatinine (Cr), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum phosphorus (P) levels between surviving patients and deaths(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Univariate Cox regression results showed that age of MHD patients, primary disease (diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, others), comorbidities(diabetes, congestive heart failure, other cardiovascular diseases), drug use (statins, antiplatelet drugs), dialysis method (hemodialysis, hemodialysis + perfusion), laboratory test indicators [GGT, AKP, TBIL, total bile acid (TBA), albumin (ALB), Cr, Cys-C, eGFR, apolipoprotein A (APO-A), hs-CRP]were all influential factors of 3-year survival rate of MHD patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age, primary disease, other cardiovascular diseases, dialysis mode, AKP, ALB, TBIL, Cys-C, and hs-CRP were significant influencing factors for the survival of patients with chronic renal failure (P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum Cys-C and hs-CRP levels before MHD in patients with chronic renal failure may be associated with their 3-year survival after dialysis treatment. High serum Cys-C may reduce the risk of poor clinical prognosis, while high serum hs-CRP may increase the risk of poor clinical prognosis.

The anterior disc displacement (ADD) leads to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) and mandibular growth retardation in adolescents. To investigate the potential functional role of fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) during the process, a surgical ADD-TMJOA mouse model was established. From 1 week after model generation, ADD mice exhibited aggravated mandibular growth retardation with osteoarthritis (OA)-like joint cartilage degeneration, manifesting with impaired chondrogenic differentiation and loss of subchondral bone homeostasis. Lineage tracing using Gli1-CreER⁺; Tm^fl/-mice and Sox9-CreER⁺;Tm^fl/-mice showed that ADD interfered with the chondrogenic capacity of Gli1⁺ FCSCs as well as osteogenic differentiation of Sox9⁺ lineage, mainly in the middle zone of TMJ cartilage. Then, a surgically induced disc reposition (DR) mouse model was generated. The inhibited FCSCs capacity was significantly alleviated by DR treatment in ADD mice. And both the ADD mice and adolescent ADD patients had significantly relieved OA phenotype and improved condylar growth after DR treatment. In conclusion, ADD-TMJOA leads to impaired chondrogenic progenitor capacity and osteogenesis differentiation of FCSCs lineage, resulting in cartilage degeneration and loss of subchondral bone homeostasis, finally causing TMJ growth retardation. DR at an early stage could significantly alleviate cartilage degeneration and restore TMJ cartilage growth potential.
Animals ; Mice ; Osteogenesis ; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 ; Fibrocartilage ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Disease Models, Animal ; Osteoarthritis ; Stem Cells ; Growth Disorders

Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection induces inflammation in gastric mucosa, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) may increase in response to the inflammation. However, the correlations between NO concentration in exhaled air and the severity of gastric inflammation and Hp infection are not clear. Aims: To explore the influence of Hp infection on fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), an indicator of airway inflammation, and the relationship between FeNO and severity of gastric inflammation. Methods: Adult patients who accepted