Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging， characterized by neurofibrillary tangles， accumulation of amyloid-β （Aβ） plaques， and neuronal death. These pathological changes lead to a gradual decline in cognitive function， ultimately impairing the ability to perform daily activities. Currently， treatment options for AD are limited， with pharmacological interventions often being ineffective and frequently accompanied by side effects. Therefore， the study of non-pharmacological therapies， especially nutritional interventions， has become particularly important. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids （ω-3PUFAs） are essential fatty acids crucial for health， primarily found in fish oil and certain plant oils. They play a key role in anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， neuroprotective， and immunomodulatory activities. Epidemiological evidence and clinical trials have shown that supplementation with ω-3PUFAs is associated with improved cognitive function， with particularly positive effects demonstrated in the use of docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA）. This article reviews the role of ω-3PUFAs in AD and the latest advances in their mechanism of action， with a particular focus on their ability to reduce brain Aβ deposition and Tau protein phosphorylation， inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation， maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier， and regulate energy metabolism. However， current research findings remain inconsistent， especially regarding the significant differences in effects among individuals with different genotypes. Therefore， future studies need to further explore the role of ω-3PUFAs in early intervention and optimize their dosage and formulations to achieve the best neuroprotective effects. Additionally， this article provides dietary recommendations and dosage suggestions based on existing research， hoping to offer new directions for the prevention and treatment of AD.

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.
Musa/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Fungal Proteins ; Cell Nucleus ; Histones ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

In recent years,the incidence of spinal cord injury(SCI)has shown an increasing trend,and the resulting motor impairment cause significant harm to patients themselves and public health.Although the current clinical treatments for motor disorders after SCI are diverse,mainly focusing on improving dysfunction and improving patients' daily living ability through external stimulation,there is still a lack of radical solutions.Epidural electrical stimulation(EES)as an emerging treatment technology,has been shown in a number of international clinical studies on the SCI significant poten-tial of motor function recovery,has significant curative effect,convenient,widely applicable,adjustable advantages,the rehabilitation of movement disorders after SCI has a lot of big benefits,in the spinal cord injury rehabilitation has great prospect.However,most of the domestic research are limited to the neurogenic bladder caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function after SCI,and mostly combine traditional Chinese and western medicine rehabilitation treatment,the emerging therapy of EES,this paper aims to review the basic principle of EES,potential mechanism of action and its c lini-cal application progress in the treatment of movement disorders after SCI,in order to provide reference for the clinical ap-plication and scientific research of EES treatment of motor disorders after SCI.

Clinical pharmacists participated in the drug therapy and monitoring of a patient with Crohn's disease complicated with erythema multiforme.The patient,who had a previous diagnosis of Crohn's disease for many years and had been treated with infliximab to date,was admitted to the hospital with a scattered rash on the peripheral skin,normal stools,and fecal calprotectin＞1 800 μg-g-1,by collecting the patient's medical history,reviewing domestic and foreign literature,the clinical pharmacist assisted the physician in ruling out drug factors,and making a definitive diagnosis of Crohn's disease complicated with extraintestinal manifestations.Taking into account the patient's condition and guideline recommendations,the clinical pharmacist assisted doctors to adjust medication regimen,and determined that the next step in the patient's treatment program was ustekinumab combined with glucocorticoids therapy,and continuously monitoring the patient's condition.The patient's condition was effectively controlled immediately before discharge,with marked improvement in erythema multiforme,and the patient was followed up 3 months later with complete disappearance of erythema multiforme,normal bowel movements,and no specific discomfort.Since the extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease are often similar to the adverse reactions caused by medications used in the treatment or other systemic diseases and disorders,it is necessary for the clinical pharmacist to assist the physician in screening.The case was studied and compiled with a view to providing references for the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of such patients.

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high disability rate and mortality. At present,there is no effective treatment to promote the recovery of neurological function after ischemic stroke. Exosomes can not only mediate the communication between cells,but also have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier,so they have received extensive attention in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Exosomes are modified by bioengineering technologies to prepare engineered exosomes with brain targeting and therapeutic effects,which have been applied in the research and treatment of ischemic stroke,in order to improve the repair of neurological function after stroke,reduce the clinical disability rate and mortality,and improve the survival and quality of life of patients. This article reviews exosomes,the role of exosomes in ischemic stroke,and the preparation of engineered exosomes,and discusses the application prospect of engineered exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke,with a view to providing a reference for subsequent research.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the hotspots in the research field of neurodegenerative diseases, and its pathogenesis is still controversial. Trace metal elements play an important role in normal growth and development of the human body. Metal ions can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain, leading to α-synapnuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and then inducing the occurrence of PD. This article mainly reviewed the potential mechanisms of metal elements in PD, discussed the role of metabolic imbalance of common trace metals (copper, iron, manganese, and zinc) in PD, and put forward new insights into the treatment of PD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different scanning modes, detector width and location in detector on high and low contrast resolution of wide-detector CT image.Methods:The Catphan600 phantom with high and low contrast resolution modules was scanned with GE Revolution CT at the same CTDI vol. The scans were performed with the detector widths of 40, 80 and 160 mm for sequential scanning mode and with the detector width/pitch combinations of 40 mm/0.516, 40 mm/0.984, 80 mm/0.508 and 80 mm/0.992 for spiral scanning mode. The resolution modules were placed at the adjacent region between two sequential scans, central and foot side edge in the longitudinal scanning range seperately. The subjective evaluation of the high and low contrast resolution was performed by two radiologists. Results:The high contrast resolution was 8 LP/cm at adjacent region between two sequential scans with the detector width of 80 mm or 160 mm in sequential scanning mode, and at the pitch of 0.5 in spiral scanning mode, while it was 7 LP/cm for the rest of detector combinations. The distinguishable diameter was 3 mm at 1% low contrast resolution at foot side edge with the detector widths of 80 mm or 160 mm in the sequential scanning mode, and it was 2 mm for all the other conditions. The distinguishable diameter was 2 mm at 1% low contrast resolution with the detector width of 40 mm and pitch 0.516 in the spiral scanning mode and it was worse with the wider detector and larger pitch.Conclusions:For the wide-detector CT, scanning mode, detector width, location in detector and pitches will affect the high and low contrast resolution to some degree. Appropriate selection should be done according to actual needs in clinical practice.

The expression levels of serum tenascin-C, osteopontin(OPN), and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the patients of diabetic mellitus were measured by ELISA. With the increase of the UACR, the expression of tenascin-C, osteopontin, and transforming growth factor-β1 showed a trend of increase and hypertension will argument this phenomenon. Pearson correlation analysis showed that levels of tenascin-C were positively correlated with HbA1C , body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, UACR, osteopontin, and transforming growth factor-β1.

Objective Quadratic regression universal rotary combination design was used to optimize the fluorescence labeling condition of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP).Methods The fluorescence labeling condition of LBP presented, when the covalent coupling of LBP and tyramine was reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Filter the best labeling condition via using quadratic regression universal rotary combination design experiment on the relationship of labeling efficiency among pH value of buffer solution, reaction time, temperature and the dose of tyramine.Results The regression equation was:Y=0.085 41 - 0.002 82X1 - 0.015 68X2 + 0.008 11X3 + 0.005 01X4 + 0.008 75X1X2 - 0.005 75X1X3 - 0.001 75X1X4 + 0.010 63X2X3 + 0.000 125X2X4 + 0.000 25X3X4 - 0.021 44X12 - 0.008 89X22 - 0.001 984X32 + 0.003 66 X42, and the variables fromX1 toX4 represented pH value, reaction time, temperature and dose of tyramine, respectively. The goodness of fitting of regression equation was statistically significant. The condition of labling LBP was optimized when the temperature was at 50℃, timing of labling at the fourth day and pH value was 8.5.Conclusion The condition of labling LBP was optimized with suitable temperature, pH value and extended timing.

Objective To investigate the selective oncolytic role and antitumor action of a novel recombinant adenovirus containing E1A and IL-24 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell(HCC). Methods The recombinant adenovirus expressing IL-24 (Ad. HS4. AFP. E1A/IL-24) was constructed by using modified human alpha-fetoprotein (HS4-AFP) promoter to drive adenovirus E1A gene and II-24 gene.Cell Counting Kit-8 were performed to test the selective cytotoxicity of the virus in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721, Hep3B, MHCC97-H and hepatocyte cell line L02 . The mRNA and protein expression of IL-24 gene were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Cell growth curves and Annexin V/PI assay were used to study cell proliferation and apoptosis of MHCC97-H. The anti-metastatic effects of the recombinant adenovirus were evaluated in cell adhesion, migration, and cell motion. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression was examined by RT-PCR and zymography.Results Selective replications of Ad. HS4. AFP. E1A/IL-24 adenovirus were observed in over expression AFP cell line MHCC97-H, a highly metastatic potential HCC cell line but not in hepatocyte cell line L02. The mRNA and protein of IL-24 were also over expressed in MHCC97-H. This recombinant adenovirus also showed the significant oncolytic action on MHCC97-H but not on L02 (P＜0. 05). Besides, the recombinant adenovirus significantly inhibited MHCC97-H metastatic potential such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion as well(P＜0.01). Conclusion The selective oncolytic adenovirus expressing E1A and II-24 has a selective antitumor effect and play an inhibitory role in metastasis of HCC.