In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in a boarding middle school in Guangdong Province, in order to provide a scientific evidence for effective prevention and control of campus AHC outbreaks. Methods: From September 1st to 28th 2023, case identification was conducted among 559 students and 60 faculty members using standardized definition. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the three distrubution patterns of the outbreak. Questionnaires were designed, and a case-control study was adopted to analyze the possible risk factors of the disease transmission. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to control the difference of baseline data. Results: A total of 269 cases of AHC were identified, with an attack rate of 43.46%. The pathogen was confirmed as Coxsackie virus A24 variant (CA24v). Among these, 264 cases were students (attack rate of 47.23%) and 5 were staff (attack rate of 8.33%). A total of 153 pairs of PSM were successfully matched. After PSM matching, there were no statistically significant differences in gender, grade and class between the case group and the control group ( χ 2=0.12, 5.41, 11.24, P >0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that middle school students whose towels contacted with others ( OR =1.81), and direct contact with other AHC cases recently ( OR =4.89) were more likely to have AHC; while wearing glasses ( OR =0.43) and frequent use of hand sanitizer ( OR = 0.37 ) were less likely to have AHC ( P <0.05). Conclusion The outbreak of AHC is caused by CA24v, demonstrating rapid spread and extensive impact within the school setting.

Objective:To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for preoperative localization of epileptogenic foci in refractory epilepsy patients with negative MRI. Methods:Clinical data (550 lobes) of 55 epilepsy patients (38 males, 17 females, age (20.0±8.1) years) with negative MRI who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT-MRI between January 2014 and June 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University were retrospectively analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 18F-FDG PET/CT, video electroencephalogram (VEEG), PET/CT+ VEEG and PET/CT-VEEG for localizing epileptogenic foci were calculated using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and the outcomes of at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up as reference standards. χ2 test was used to compare the efficiencies of different examination modalities for unilobar, multilobar and all patients. Results:The correct lateralization rate of epileptogenic foci was 92.6%(25/27) using PET/CT. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of PET/CT for localization of epileptogenic foci were 65.1%(54/83), 77.9%(364/467), 76.0%(418/550), 34.4%(54/157) and 92.6%(364/393), respectively. The sensitivities of PET/CT-VEEG for localization of epileptogenic foci in all patients and patients with multilobar epilepsy were higher than those of VEEG alone (75.9%(63/83) vs 45.8%(38/83), 68.6%(35/51) vs 31.4%(16/51); χ2 values: 15.80, 14.16, both P<0.001). The specificities of PET/CT+ VEEG for localization of epileptogenic foci in all patients and patients with unilobar epilepsy were higher than those of VEEG alone (97.6%(456/467) vs 94.6%(442/467), 97.9%(282/288) vs 94.1%(271/288); χ2 values: 5.66, 5.48; P values: 0.017, 0.019). The sensitivity of PET/CT-VEEG (PET/CT and VEEG concordance) for localization of epileptogenic foci was higher than that of PET/CT+ VEEG (PET/CT and VEEG discordance) (8/9 vs 28.4%(21/74); χ2=10.40, P=0.001), and its specificity and accuracy were higher than those of PET/CT-VEEG (PET/CT and VEEG discordance) (93.4%(57/61) vs 71.7%(291/406), 92.9%(65/70) vs 72.1%(346/480); χ2 values: 13.23, 13.96; both P<0.001). Conclusions:18F-FDG PET/CT can localize and lateralize epileptogenic foci in patients with negative MRI. The combination of 18F-FDG PET/CT and VEEG improves the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for epileptogenic foci detection. 18F-FDG PET/CT is more accurate in detecting epileptogenic foci when it is concordant with VEEG.

Objective To construct HEK 293T cells that express tardigrade Dsup protein fused with green fluorescent protein copGFP in order to study the effect of Dsup protein on proliferation of HEK 293T cells.Methods The CRISPR/Cas9 gene knock-in system was constructed.The target gene fragments of Dsup,copGFP,EF1α and puromycin were amplified by PCR and inserted into pAAVS1-SFFV to construct the fusion vector of Dsup and copGFP,which was known as pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1α-Puro.pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1 α-Puro and pAAVS1-CRISPR-Cas9 vector were co-transfected into HEK 293T cells before Dsup gene was inserted into the AAVS1 region of HEK 293T cells via homologous recombination.The HEK 293T cells expressing Dsup gene were obtained following puromycin selection,flow cytometry sorting and genome identification.The expression of Dsup at mRNA and protein levels and proliferation-related genes(MCM2,MCM4,PCNA,Ki-67)were examined to investigate the effects of Dsup gene on the proliferation of HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP cells.Results The pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1α-Puro recombinant vector was constructed,and the HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP cells with Dsup gene inserted in the AAVS1 region were obtained,where both Dsup mRNA and protein were expressed.The cell proliferation rate of HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP was higher than that of HEK 293T-Control-copGFP(P＜0.001).Further investigation revealed that the expressions of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein in HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP were significantly higher than in the control group,indicating that the knock in of Dsup gene might enhance the proliferation ability of human cells by promoting the expression of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein.Conclusion A gene editing vector is constructed,and stable cell line HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP for Dsup fusion expression with copGFP is established.The expression of Dsup gene in HEK 293T cells can promote cell proliferation,possibly by upregulating the expressions of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of esketamine combined with ropivacaine on rebound pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery under superior trunk brachial plexus block.Methods Ninety patients,including 35 males and 55 females,aged 18-60 years,BMI 18.5-28.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were selected for shoulder arthroscopy.According to the method of random number table,the patients were divided into three groups:group El,group E2 and group R,30 pa-tients in each group.Three groups of patients with nerve block local anesthetic drugs were allocated accord-ing to the following scheme.In group El,0.2％ropivacaine,esketamine 0.25 mg/kg,and normal saline total 10 ml.In group E2,0.2％ropivacaine,esketamine 0.5 mg/kg,and normal saline total 10 ml.In group R,0.2％ropivacaine and normal saline total 10 ml.General anesthesia was implemented for all pa-tients after the nerve block anesthesia.HR,MAP,and surgical pleth index(SPI)were recorded before nerve block(T1),30 minutes after nerve block(T2),laryngeal mask placement(T3),and 30 minutes during surgery(T4).The NRS scores and the occurrence of rebound pain were recorded at rest and exercise 6,8,12,24,and 48 hours after surgery.The onset time and duration of sensory and motor block after an-esthesia,sedation score before and after anesthesia,sleep quality within 24 hours after surgery,and the oc-currence of adverse reactions within 48 hours after surgery were recorded.Results There were no significant differences in HR and MAP among the three groups at different time points.Compared with group R,the dosage of sufentanil in groups E1 and E2 were significantly reduced,and the NRS score at rest and exercise 12 to 48 hours after surgery were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with group R,the incidence of rebound pain in group E2 was significantly reduced,and the score of sedation after nerve block was significantly increased,the sleep time was significantly prolonged,and the sleep efficiency was signifi-cantly increased within 1 day after surgery(P＜0.05).Compared with group R,the incidence of postoper-ative adverse reactions such as nausea,vomiting,dizziness and headache in groups El and E2 within 48 hours after surgery were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the onset and duration of sensory block among the three groups,and no motor nerve block occurred.Conclusion Es-ketamine 0.5 mg/kg combined with ropivacaine can reduce the incidence of rebound pain after shoulder ar-throscopy with brachial plexus block,improve postoperative sleep quality,but cannot shorten the onset time of sensory block and increase the duration of block.

Objective:To investigate the current status and quality and safety of radiation therapy resources in medical institutions in Hunan province.Methods:The basic situation questionnaire, quality and safety self-assessment form were designed according to the content of the survey, distributed and recovered through the network, and the survey was conducted on all medical institutions (excluding military hospitals) conducting radiotherapy in Hunan province in 2022, and the quality and safety evaluation was checked by the Hunan Radiotherapy Quality Control Center using stratified sampling field inspection. The differences between the self-evaluation scores of radiotherapy quality and safety and the on-site inspection scores of each unit was compared using Wilcoxon test.Results:By the end of 2022, there were 76 medical institutions (excluding military hospitals) conducting radiotherapy in Hunan province, including 62 tertiary hospitals and 14 secondary hospitals, with a total of 44 253 radiotherapy patients admitted annually. The total number of personnel engaged in radiotherapy was 1 381, including 746 physicians, 205 physicists, 397 technicians and 33 maintenance engineers. There were a total of 88 accelerators (including 3 tomotherapy units), 10 gamma knives, and 28 rear-loading machines, with 1.33 gas pedals per million population. There were 36 units that were carrying out three-dimensional conformal technology, 60 static intensity modulation technology, 20 volumetric rotational intensity modulation, 27 stereotactic radiotherapy, 44 image-guided radiotherapy, 33 respiratory motion management, and 27 rear-loading radiotherapy. In the quality and safety evaluation situation, the basic requirements of radiotherapy specialty scored high, with 2 units achieving full marks and no failing units. Radiotherapy personnel and organization, radiotherapy process, documentation record score and other aspects of no full-score units, the score was concentrated in 60~＜80 points, and all have part of the unit failed.Conclusions:The radiotherapy industry in Hunan province has been developed steadily in recent years in general, and the structure of radiotherapy personnel tends to be reasonable, but there still exists uneven distribution of radiotherapy resources, poor utilization of equipment in some areas, and inadequate development of technology. The overall quality and safety evaluation are good, but there are still many deficiencies in the organizational requirements of radiotherapy personnel, process requirements and documentation, which need to be continuously optimized and improved in the future, and at the same time, field inspections will be intensified to ensure the quality and safety of radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Background Air pollution is a major public health concern. Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a very important air quality risk communication tool. However, AQHI is usually constructed by single-pollutant model, which has obvious disadvantages. Objective To construct an AQHI based on the joint effects of multiple air pollutants (J-AQHI), and to provide a scientific tool for health risk warning and risk communication of air pollution. Methods Data on non-accidental deaths in Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jilin provinces from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018 were obtained from the corresponding provincial disease surveillance points systems (DSPS), including date of death, age, gender, and cause of death. Daily meteorological (temperature and relative humidity) and air pollution data (SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and maximum 8 h O₃ concentrations) at the same period were respectively derived from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System and National Urban Air Quality Real-time Publishing Platform. Lasso regression was first applied to select air pollutants, then a time-stratified case-crossover design was applied. Each case was matched to 3 or 4 control days which were selected on the same days of the week in the same calendar month. Then a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the exposure-response relationship between selected air pollutants and mortality, which was used to construct the AQHI. Finally, AQHI was classified into four levels according to the air pollutant guidance limit values from World Health Organization Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQG 2021), and the excess risks (ERs) were calculated to compare the AQHI based on single-pollutant model and the J-AQHI based on multi-pollutant model. Results PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were selected by Lasso regression to establish DLNM model. The ERs for an interquartile range (IQR) increase and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂ and O₃ were 0.71% (0.34%–1.09%), 2.46% (1.78%–3.15%), 1.25% (0.9%–1.6%), and 0.27% (−0.11%–0.65%) respectively. The distribution of J-AQHI was right-skewed, and it was divided into four levels, with ranges of 0-1 for low risk, 2-3 for moderate risk, 4-5 for high health risk, and ≥6 for severe risk, and the corresponding proportions were 11.25%, 64.61%, 19.33%, and 4.81%, respectively. The ER (95%CI) of mortality risk increased by 3.61% (2.93–4.29) for each IQR increase of the multi-pollutant based J-AQHI , while it was 3.39% (2.68–4.11) for the single-pollutant based AQHI . Conclusion The J-AQHI generated by multi-pollutant model demonstrates the actual exposure health risk of air pollution in the population and provides new ideas for further improvement of AQHI calculation methods.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Objective To investigate the clinical values of heparinase-modified thromboelastography(hmTEG)in heparin monitoring during continuous renal replacement therapy.Methods A total of 97 cases who were undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)in the intensive care unit of the 94th People's Liberation Army Hospital from Jan 2014 to Jun 2019 were enrolled in this stud-y.The patients were divided into TEG group and APTT group according to different means of heparin monitoring during continuous renal replacement therapy.In total,278 hemofilters were used in all the blood purification therapies.Complication of bleeding,CRRT time,total heparin dose and SOFA(sequential organ failure assessment)score of the patients were compared between the TEG and APTT groups.The filter life span and survival time in hospital were also compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis.Rusults Compared with APTT group,the total heparin dose in TEG group were significantly higher(P＜0.05).The CRRT time of patients and the average filter life span in TEG group were significantly longer than those of APTT group(P＜0.05).Compared to APTT group,the 28-day SOFA in TEG group was significantly lower(P＜0.05).Survival analysis showed that the 28-day risk of death in the patients of APTT group was 2.01 times higher than that in TEG group(P＜0.05).The 72-hour filter life of TEG group was significantly longer than that of APTT group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The use of hmTEG for monitoring heparin in blood purification should be superior in terms of safety and efficacy with longer filter life span and higher survival rate of patients.