ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of Chaipo decoction on bronchial asthma in rats and its regulatory effects on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）/Gasdermin D （GSDMD） pathway， aiming to elucidate its mechanism in ameliorating pyroptosis. MethodsSixty male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into six groups （n=10 per group）： normal control， asthma model， Chaipo decoction low-dose （5.0 g·kg^-1）， medium-dose （10.0 g·kg^-1）， high-dose （20.0 g·kg^-1）， and dexamethasone （1.0 mg·kg^-1）. The asthma model was established in all groups except the normal control group via ovalbumin （OVA） sensitization and challenge. Rats in the Chaipo decoction groups received intragastric administration of Chaipo decoction at the corresponding doses， while the dexamethasone group was treated with dexamethasone. The normal and model groups were administered equivalent volumes of saline. After 14 days of intervention， asthma symptom scores were assessed. Dynamic lung compliance （Cdyn）， lung resistance （RL）， and functional residual capacity （FRC） were measured using a small animal pulmonary function testing system. Lung tissue pathology was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Masson's trichrome， and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. Levels of interleukin （IL）-6， IL-1β， and IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Expression of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC） in lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD， and other pyroptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited significantly increased asthma symptom scores， inflammatory scores， collagen deposition， PAS scores， RL， FRC， levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and IL-18 in BALF， and expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， and other pyroptosis-related proteins in lung tissue （P0.01）， while Cdyn was significantly decreased （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， all doses of Chaipo decoction markedly improved asthma symptoms， with significantly reduced symptom scores （P0.05， P0.01）. Pulmonary function analysis showed that medium and high doses of Chaipo decoction significantly increased Cdyn （P0.05， P0.01） and decreased RL and FRC （P0.05， P0.01）. Histopathological evaluation indicated that high-dose Chaipo decoction significantly reduced inflammatory scores， collagen deposition， and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissue （P0.05， P0.01）. ELISA results showed that all doses of Chaipo decoction significantly decreased IL-6， IL-1β， and IL-18 levels in BALF （P0.05， P0.01）. IHC and Western blot analyses demonstrated that medium and high doses of Chaipo decoction markedly downregulated NLRP3， ASC， and other pyroptosis-related proteins in lung tissue （P0.05， P0.01）. ConclusionChaipo decoction effectively improves pulmonary function and pathological damage in asthmatic rats， potentially by inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and reducing pyroptosis.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

AIM:This study utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create Retnlb floxp knock-in mice,followed by the application of the Cre-LoxP recombination system to generate intestinal epithelial-specific Retnlb gene knockout mice(Retnlb-CKO).This model was developed to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of Retnlb in inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Female and male C57BL/6N mice,aged 8 weeks with the Retnlbflox/+genotype,were housed togeth-er for breeding.Offsprings were screened to identify those with the Retnlbflox/flox genotype.These mice were then crossed with Vil1-Cre transgenic mice,which express Cre recombinase specifically in intestinal epithelial cells,resulting in Retnlb-flox/+,Cre+mice.Subsequent crosses between Retnlbflox/+,Cre+mice and Retnlbflox/flox mice produced Retnlbflox/flox,Cre+mice(Retnlb-CKO).Six 8-week-old Retnlbflox/flox,Cre+mice and their littermate Retnlbflox/flox mice were selected for experiments.RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to assess Retnlb mRNA and protein levels in colonic epithelium.Phenotypic observa-tions included body length,weight,diet,and reproductive capability.Tissue-to-body weight ratios were calculated to ana-lyze growth and development.Intestinal barrier integrity and colonic expression of inflammatory factors were evaluated.RESULTS:The conditional gene knockout mouse model with specific deletion of Retnlb in intestinal epithelial cells was successfully established and validated through genetic identification,mRNA and protein analysis.Compared to Retnlbflox/flox mice,Retnlb-CKO mice exhibited no significant differences in body length,weight,diet,or reproductive capability.There were no differences in the ratios of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,and colon weight to body weight,nor were there morphological differences in various tissues.However,the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1,Occlu-din,and Claudin3 in colon tissues of Retnlb-CKO mice was significantly reduced(P<0.01).PAS staining and immunohis-tochemistry revealed a significant decrease in the number of goblet cells and lysozyme-positive cells in the colon tissues of Retnlb-CKO mice(P<0.01).HE staining showed no obvious pathological change in colon tissues of Retnlb-CKO mice.RT-qPCR further demonstrated a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors NLRP3,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in colon tissues(P<0.01),along with significant downregulation of inflamma-tion signaling pathway proteins TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:A conditional colon epithelial cell Retnlb gene knockout mouse model was successfully constructed and validated.The absence of Retnlb in colon cells led to impaired intestinal barrier function,decreased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors in colon tissue,and downregulation of mRNA expression of inflammatory pathway proteins TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB.

This study was designed to explore the correlation between alterations in NLRP3 levels and Th17/Treg imbalance in asthmatic mice undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).A murine model of asthma was established by intraperitoneal injection combined with nebulization of ovalbumin(OVA).Mice were randomly grouped into asthma model group and normal control group.The airway reactivity was detected with non-invasive lung function instrument.Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)and Masson's trichrome staining were applied to evaluate the histopathological injury of lung tissue and the extent of lung fibrosis;RT-qPCR was applied to detect EMT-related biomarkers(Snail,E-Cadherin,N-Cadherin),the specific transcription factors of T cell subsets(RoRγt,Foxp3)and NLRP3 in lung tissue of mice;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of E-cadherin,N-Cadherin and NLRP3 in lung tissue of mice.The Th17 and Treg cell populations in the spleen were enumerated via flow cytometry.Furthermore,the expression levels of NLRP3,IL-17 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were analyzed by Giemsa staining.Compared with the control group,the asthma model group showed higher level of airway resistance,coupled with an obviously decrease in pulmonary ventilation compliance.Pathological alterations in lung tissue were evident,characterized by thickening of the airway epithelium,airway stenosis,infiltration of inflammatory cells,higher expression levels of N-Cadherin and NLRP3 proteins(P<0.05),lower expression level of E-Cadherin(P<0.001)and higher levels of marker genes(Snail and N-Cadherin)in lung tissue.Furthermore,model mice demonstrated higher level of NLRP3 in BALF(P<0.05),higher level of Th17 in spleen,and higher levels of retinoic acid orphan receptor(ROR)-γt mRNA(P<0.05)and Th17-related cytokines(IL-17)(P<0.01).Concurrently,model mice also showed an obviously decrease in the prevalence of Treg cells,Forkhead box Foxp3 mRNA(P<0.001),and Treg-related cytokine IL-10(P<0.05).The results of the Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the level of NLRP3 mRNA was positively correlated the ratio of RoR γt mRNA,but negatively correlated with Foxp3 mRNA in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice.Additionally,NLRP3 in BALF demonstrated a positive correlation with IL-17 and a negative correlation with IL-10.In conclusion,These findings suggest that NLRP3 may trigger bronchial EMT by exacerbating the immune imbalance of Th17/Treg cells.

Objective: To investigate the effect of acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) gene knockout on articular cartilage injury in adjuvant arthritis (AA) of mice． Methods: Wild-type mice and ASIC1 knockout mice were divided into normal group and model group．Arthritis score was performed by observing the inflammation of paws，and the right paw swelling was measured．HE staining，immunohistochemistry，TUNEL and ELISA were used to detect the injury of articular cartilage and arthritic inflammation. Results : The arthritis score and paw swelling of AA mice with ASIC1 knockout was lower than that of the AA wild-type mice．AA mice with ASIC1 knockout showed less destruction and increased expression of collagen-Ⅱin articular cartilage． Moreover ，the lower apoptosis rate was observed by TUNEL assay in AA mice with ASIC1 knockout by comparing with AA wild-type mice．Furthermore，ELISA assay showed that the levels of IL-1 β、TNF-α in the serum decreased in AA mice with ASIC1 knock- out． Conclusion Knockout of ASIC1 may have protective effect on articular cartilage injury.

This article summarized the overview of diagnosis related groups (DRGs), the necessity of comprehensively popularizing and applying DRGs in specialized hospitals and general hospitals, the different methods and effects of nursing human resource allocation based on DRGs in specialized hospitals and general hospitals at home and abroad, and analyzed the different challenges and opportunities faced by DRGs in the implementation of human resource allocation in two types of hospitals. According to the types and characteristics of hospitals, this paper put forward some corresponding suggestions and prospects for the future, such as intelligent human resource prediction system and the construction of information sharing platform, so as to provide reference for the comprehensive promotion of DRGs in different types of hospitals in China.

Felids are the unique definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii. The intestine of felid is the only site for initiating Toxoplasma gondii sexual reproduction. T. gondii excretes millions of infectious oocysts from the intestine, which are the primary source of infection. There are many difficulties in developing vaccines and drugs to control oocyst excretion due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model. Here, we established an in vitro feline intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) infection system and an efficient animal model of T. gondii Chinese 1 genotype, Wh6 strain (TgCtwh6). The Kunming mice brain tissues containing TgCtwh6 cysts were harvested 42-day post-infection. The bradyzoites were co-cultured with cat IECs in vitro at a ratio of 1:10. Five 3-month-old domestic cats were orally inoculated with 600 cysts each. The oocysts were detected by daily observation of cat feces by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. We found that the parasite adhered and invaded cat IECs in vitro, transformed into tachyzoites, and then divided to form rose-like structures. These parasites eventually destroyed host cells, escaped, and finished the asexual reproduction process. Schizonts associated with sexual reproduction have not been observed during development in vitro cultured cells. However, schizonts were detected in all infected cat intestinal epithelial cells, and oocysts were presented in all cat feces. Our study provides a feasible cell model and an efficient infection system for the following studies of T. gondii sexual reproduction, and also lays a foundation to develop drugs and vaccines for blocking excretion and transmission of oocysts.

Frailty is the clinical syndrome that occurs due to an increase in personal vulnerability and a decline in the ability to maintain one′s internal balance, which is closely related to the development of bladder cancer in the elderly. The research on frailty of elderly patients with bladder cancer in China is still in its infancy. This article discussed the risks of bladder cancer and frailty, the necessity of preoperative frailty assessment in patients with bladder cancer, commonly used assessment tools, and summarized the limitations of the existing evaluation tools to provide reference for further developing and improving the frailty evaluation tools and applications for bladder cancer patients research provides reference.

A number of research has shown that the plant polyphenol resveratrol,one of the most prominent small molecules,has beneficial protective effects in multiple organisms,including worms,flies,and killifish.To understand the effects of resveratrol on lifespan,we evaluated its effects in the silkworm Bombyx mori.In this study,we found that lifespan was significantly prolonged in both female and male silkworms treated with resveratrol.Silkworm larval weight was significantly increased from day 3 of the 5th larval instar(L5D3) to day 7 of the 5th larval instar (L5D7).However,the weight of the pupa,cocoon,and total cocoon was not significantly different in female silkworms with resveratrol treatment than that in controls.Meanwhile,resveratrol significantly improved the thermotolerance of the silkworms,which enhanced their survival rate.Moreover,antioxidant activity was increased by resveratrol in both female and male silkworms.Furthermore,an antioxidant-related signalling pathway,SIRT7-FoxO-GST,was activated in silkworms with resveratrol treatment.Collectively,these results help us to understand the molecular pathways underlying resveratrol induced pro-longevity effects and indicate that silkworm is a promising animal model for evaluating the effects of lifespan-extending drugs.

Frailty refers to a clinical syndrome that occurs due to an increase in personal vulnerability and a decline in the ability to maintain one's internal balance, which is closely related to the development of bladder cancer in the aged. Cancer accelerates frailty, and preoperative frailty is an independent predictor of adverse health outcomes for patients undergoing radical cystectomy. It is of great significance in guiding the formulation of perioperative safety management plans for aged patients undergoing radical cystectomy. At present, China's research on the frailty of aged patients undergoing radical cystectomy is still in its infancy. This article reviewed the preoperative frailty assessment, the relationship between bladder cancer and frailty, and the safety management strategies for frail aged patients undergoing radical cystectomy, in order to provide a reference for the development of preoperative frailty research in aged patients with bladder cancer in China.