Background At present, occupational poisoning has become one of the most serious occupational diseases that jeopardize the health of workers in China, in addition to pneumoconiosis, with a wide range of impacts and heavy social and economic losses. Objective To analyze the characteristics and patterns of the incidence of occupational poisoning in Tianjin from 2006 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective intervention measures and prevention strategies. Methods The Occupational Diseases and Health Hazards Monitoring Information System, a module of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, was the primary data source of the study. The case files of acute and chronic occupational poisoning diagnosed by occupational disease diagnostic institutions in Tianjin from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2020 were retrieved from the system. The data included basic information, occupational history, disease characteristics, and employer information. Excel 2016 was used to establish database, and frequencies and composition ratios were reported. Results From 2006 to 2020, a total of 234 cases of occupational chemical poisoning were reported in Tianjin, including 49 cases of acute occupational poisoning (20.94%) and 185 cases of chronic occupational poisoning (79.06%). The number of acute occupational poisoning cases showed a rising and then falling trend, and the number of chronic occupational poisoning cases showed an overall decreasing trend. Acute occupational poisoning mainly occurred in the four districts around the city (22 cases, 44.90%), and chronic occupational poisoning mainly occurred in Binhai New Area (90 cases, 48.65%). More male cases were reported than female cases. The age of onset was concentrated at 45-55 years old. The acute occupational poisoning cases were concentrated in the group with less than 5 years of service (22 cases, 44.90%), mainly asphyxiating gas poisoning, and the highest incidence was reported in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry. The chronic occupational poisoning cases were concentrated in the groups with a working age of 5-14 years (70 cases, 37.84%), mainly organic solvent poisoning, and the highest incidence was also reported in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry. Conclusion The prevention and control of occupational poisoning as well as health surveillance and management in Tianjin shall be carried out in a hierarchical and focused manner in accordance with types of acute and chronic occupational poisoning chemicals in the city, regional economic differences, types of industries, and distribution of workers.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of comprehensive intervention on the incidence of lactation galactostasis in communities from the perspective of preventive medicine， so as to prevent the occurrence of the mammary ducts obstruction disease. MethodsA total of 400 women in the early stage of pregnancy were selected from four communities. Those in two communities were set up as the intervention group. Comprehensive intervention for the prevention and treatment of mammary ducts obstruction disease during pregnancy and "Six-step recanalization manual therapy" practical guidance were conducted on the intervention group. The pregnant women from the other two communities were the control group， who received no intervention or guidance training. The two groups were followed up at 1 month， 3 months and 5 months postpartum， and the occurrence of mammary ducts obstruction disease was investigated and interventions were carried out. ResultsThe incidence of galactostasis in the intervention group was 26.0%， 10.6% and 5.1%， respectively at 1， 3 and 5 months after delivery， and the incidence of galactostasis in the control group was 38.0%， 22.2% and 8.3%， respectively. The incidence of galactostasis at 1 month and3 months after delivery was statistically different （P<0.05）， while the incidence of galactostasis 5 months after delivery was not statistically different （P>0.05）. The protection rates of comprehensive intervention on galactostasis were 31.58%， 52.25% and 38.55%， respectively. ConclusionPublicity and education work of prevention and control of the mammary ducts obstruction disease and "Six-step recanalization manual therapy" practical guidance can effectively reduce the occurrence of plugged mammary ducts， and therefore should be promoted.

ObjectiveTo explore the mental health status and its influencing factors among middle school students in Xide County， Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， and to provide references for mental health interventions for local middle school students. MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design， one junior middle school and one senior middle school in Xide County， Liangshan Prefecture， Sichuan Province， were randomly selected on September 16， 2021， and two classes per grade in each school involving 288 students were recruited. Subjects were assessed using Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item （GAD-7）， PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 （PCL-5）， Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support （MSPSS） and UCLA Loneliness Scale （ULS-3）. Then the scores of above scales were compared among middle school students with different demographic characteristics， and binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen the influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD） symptoms. ResultsAmong the respondents， 17.71% （95% CI： 0.133~0.221）， 8.68% （95% CI： 0.054~0.120）， 2.78% （95% CI： 0.009~0.047） and 45.83% （95% CI： 0.400~0.516） were reported to have symptoms of depression， anxiety， PTSD and loneliness， respectively. Students in senior middle school scored lower on PCL-5 and ULS-3 than those in junior middle school ［（6.46±8.91） vs. （8.87±9.42）， t=2.202， P<0.05； （4.67±1.65） vs. （5.60±1.88）， t=4.431， P<0.01］. Regression analysis denoted that depressive symptoms （OR=7.630， P<0.05） and anxiety symptoms （OR=3.789， P<0.01） were risk factors for PTSD symptoms among middle school students. ConclusionThe middle school students in Xide County， Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture suffer a high prevalence rate of depressive symptoms and loneliness， and those in junior middle school are more likely to feel a sense of strong loneliness， furthermore， depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms are risk factors for PTSD symptoms.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis after asphyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation in rats. Methods A total of 60 pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-300 g, were divided into 3 groups (n= 20 each) by using a random number table: control group (C group), as-phyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation group ( CA group) and dexmedetomidine pretreatment group ( Dex group). The anaesthetized rats were intubated with a 16G tracheal catheter which was connected to a rodent ventilator for mechanical ventilation. Cardiac arrest was induced by clamping the tracheal tube at the end of the exhalation until systolic blood pressure decreased to 25 mmHg lasting for 5 min, and then resuscitation was started. At 5 min before cardiac arrest, dexmedetomidine 4. 0 μg∕kg was intravenously injected in group Dex, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C and CA groups. Rats were sacri-ficed at 6 h after successful resuscitation, brain tissues were removed for determination of wet to dry weight ratio ( W∕D ratio), and hippocampal tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope) and ultrastructure (with an electron microscope) and for determination of cell ap-optosis (by TUNEL), expression of CCAAT∕enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and ac-tivated transcription factors (ATF4) and X-4 box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA (by real-time polymer-ase chain reaction) and expression of CHOP, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 (by Western blot). The apoptosis rate was calculated. Results Compared with group C, W∕D ratio of brain tissues was significantly in-creased, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal tissues was decreased, the expression of XBP-1, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA was up-regulated, the expression of CHOP, Bax and caspase-3 was up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in CA and Dex groups (P<0. 05). Compared with group CA, W∕D ratio of brain tissues was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal tissues was decreased, the expression of XBP-1, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA was down-regulated, the expression of CHOP, Bax and caspase-3 was down-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated (P<0. 05), and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group Dex. Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomi-dine pretreatment mitigates brain injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation may be related to inhibi-ting cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of CT guided percutaneous targeted coblation nucleoplasty in treatment of cervical intervetebral disc herniation.Methods Fifty patients who were diagnosed with cervical intervetebral disc herniation by CT or MRI were received the treatment of CT guided percutaneous targeted coblation nucleoplasty and the follow-up check after operation.The effects according to Macnab therapeutic criteria and VAS method were evaluated and recorded before operation and after operation at the third day,2 weeks,3 months.Results All patients accepted follow-up three months after operation.The effects were assessed by Macnab therapeutic criteria:1 9 cases were excellent (37.5%),29 cases good (58.3%),2 cases bad (4.2%),and the effective rate was 92.5%.The VAS scores in three months after operation were significantly lower than that before operation (P <0.05 ). Conclusion Computed tomography guided percutaneous targeted coblation nucleoplasty is a safe,effective and minimally invasive method for treating cervical intervetebral disc herniation.

Studying effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) with different intensities on peak bone mass (PBM) of rats may provide a theoretical basis for application of electromagnetic clinical field. 30 female SD rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, 0.1 mT electromagnetic field group (EMFs) and 0.6 mT EMFs. The EMFs groups were treated for 3 h/day. After 8 weeks, we examined their bone mineral densities (BMD) , measured their bone biomechanical properties, and made serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), and histomorphometry. It was found that the BMD (P < 0.01), maximum mechanical load (P < 0.01) in the 0.1 mT group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and Yield strength (P < 0.05), the analyses of serum bone turnover markers and histomorphometric parameters were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the 0.6 mT group did not have significantly difference comparing with that in the control group. This study proved that 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can increased BMD, bone strength, and bone tissue microstructure. Therefore, 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can improve peak bone mass of rats.
Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Objective To investigate the methods and effects of different flaps for repair of high energy injury-induced soft tissue wound of the heel.Methods From January 2002 to June 2012,the patients including 12 males and 9 females aged 18-57 years (mean,32 years) underwent heel soft tissue defect reconstruction.Causes of injury were traffic injury in 11 case and mechanical injury in 10 cases.Dimension of soft tissue defect ranged from 5 cm × 3 cm to 8 cm × 6 cm.Soft-tissue defect was repaired with sural neurovascular flaps at the posterolateral heel in 9 cases (Group A),with posterior tibial artery flaps at the posterolateral heel in 5 cases (Group B),and with medial plantar flaps at the loading area of heel in 7 cases (Group C).Sensory recovery and two point discrimination motion of the ankle joint were observed and compared among groups 12 month after operation.Heel pain was observed during weight bearing and joint activity was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS).Results All the flaps survived,except for one with epidermal necrosis over the distal part,which healed after partial changing medication.Duration of follow-up was 12-24 months.There were no differences in the appearance,texture and contour between the flaps and recipient sites.Flaps showed no ulcer in the weight-bearing area and recovered their protective sense.Patients could walk normally after surgery.At postoperative 1 year,sensory recovery rate of the flaps in Groups A,B and C was 0,20％ and 100％ respectively (P ＜0.01).Appearance of the heel in all groups recovered to almost normal.Cases that could start nil weight-bearing exercise without pain accounted for 8 (89％) in Group A,4 (80％) in Group B,and 6 (86％) in Group C (P ＞ 0.05).While heel pain existed in weight-bearing exercise.Difference in VAS was significant among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05),but ankle range of motion was not (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Medial plantar flaps are suitable for tissue defect of 5-8 cm in length but sural neurovascular flaps and posterior tibial artery flaps should be considered for over 8 cm defect in order to elevate survival rate of the flaps and reconstruct limb function.

BACKGROUNDHerpes simplex virus thymidine kinase phosphorylates ganciclovir to ganciclovir monophosphate, which is then converted to ganciclovir triphosphate by endogenous cellular nucleoside kinases. The ganciclovir triphosphate acts as a DNA chain terminator due to the lack of a functional 3'-OH group and terminates the process of DNA replication, hence leading to cell apoptosis. At present, HSVtk gene usually acts as suicide gene to kill tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the selective cytotoxicity of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSVtK/GCV) suicide gene system controlled by the a-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro.

METHODSpAFP-HSVtk-IRES2-EGFP recombinant plasmid vectors driven by the AFP promoter were constructed. HL-7702 liver cells, HUH-7 HCC, and HepG2 HCC were transfected with the recombinant plasmids. HSVtK gene expression was detected using Western blotting analysis. HepG2 cells line stably expressing HSVtk gene was selected by G418 reagent. The cytotoxicity of HSVtK/GCV suicide gene system on hepatoma cells was measured by CCK-8 reagents when different doses of ganciclovir were added.

RESULTSPlasmid pAFP-TK-IRES2-EGFP-expressed HSVtk gene was constructed successfully. HSVtk gene expression level was significantly higher in AFP-positive hepatoma cells than in AFP-negative liver cells. After G418 selection, a HepG2 cells line stably expressing HSVtk gene was acquired. With the increase of the dose of ganciclovir the optical density at 450 nm of HepG2 cells stably expressing HSVtk gene gradually decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe HSVtK gene-specific expression in hepatoma cells as well as the cytotoxicity of the suicide gene system in HepG2 cells provided the basis for the targeted gene therapy of HCC.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fetal Proteins ; genetics ; Ganciclovir ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Transfection

Aim To compare the pharmacological ac-tivity of icariin( ICA) and genistien ( GEN) against os-teoporosis after oral administration with them to growing rats and ovariectomized rats. Methods 25 mg·kg-1 icariin and 10 mg · kg-1 genistein ( equal in molar concentration) were administered to one-month-old fe-male SD rats every day for three months. Treatments at the same dosage were administered to the 6-month-old ovariectomized SD rats every day for three months. Their effects were compared on bone mineral density and biomechanical properties of femurs and vertebrae, serum levels of osteocalcin and tartaric acid phospha-tase 5b ( TRACP 5b) and histomorphometry. Results The results showed that, in young rats, icariin treat-ment significantly increased bone mineral density, the maximum mechanical loads of femurs and vertebrae as well as the bone qualities ( serum markers and microar-chitecture ) , whereas genistein treatment had little effects compared with the non-treatment control. How-ever, genistein treatment was more efficacious than icariin in preventing bone loss and deterioration of bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats. Conclusion Our data suggest that, since icariin has a higher os-teogenic activity but lower estrogenic activity, it has been found to be more efficacious than genistein in peak bone mass accrual only in young rats. In the ovariectimized rats, however, as the main force to pre-vent bone loss is the estrogenic activity, genistein has been found to be more efficacious than icariin in reduc-ing bone loss.

Objective To investigate microRNA expression profiles of colonic cancer without lymph node metastasis and identify the specific microRNAs associated with carcinogenesis of colon.Methods Cancerous and para-cancerous tissues (5 cm from cancer tissues of the colon) confirmed without lymph node metastasis were collected from 3 patients. The microRNAs were extracted and isolated by mirVana RNA kit. Hybridizations were made by applying the microRNAs to Agilent microRNA microarray. Data analysis was done by software of Feacture Extraction. The discovered microRNAs were confirmed by real time PCR assay. Results Twelve out of 14 microRNAs associated with colonic cancer were up-regulated in colonic tissues. They were miR-106b, miR-135b,miR-18a,miR-18b,miR-196b, miR-19a, miR-224, miR-335, miR-424, miR-20a' , miR-301b and miR-374a. The rest two of miR-378 and miR 378* were down-regulated. Two up-regulated microRNAs (miR-18a and miR-135b) were detected in 3 pairs of cancerous and para-cancerous tissues. The expression level of miR-18a and miR-135b were accordant with the results of real time PCR.Conclusions microRNA.such as miR-106b,miR-135b.miR-18a.miR-18b,miR-196b,ect,were differentially expressed between cancerous and para-cancerous tissues.Many of these target genes are supposed to participate in the process of multiple tunmorgenesis.These microRNAs play an important role in the carcinogenesis of colon.