Objective: To investigate the status of drug resistance before anti-retroviral therapy among newly dignosed HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥50 years in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the evidence for improving the anti-retroviral therapy effect of AIDS. Methods: HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥50 years who were newly dignosed in Yangzhou City from 2021 to 2024 and did not receive anti-retroviral therapy were selected. Basic information were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Blood samples were collected to determine CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) counts and HIV-1 viral load. Following nucleic acid extraction, the pol gene region was amplified using reverse transcription and nested PCR, and subsequently subjected to Sanger sequencing. The resulting sequences were uploaded to the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database to analyze drug resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Results: Totally 404 blood samples from HIV/AIDS patients were collected, with successful sequencing of the pol gene region in 341 cases. Among them, 253 (74.19%) were males and 88 (25.81%) were females, with a mean age of (62.48±7.60) years. A total of 152 cases (44.57%) had CD4 cell counts below 200 cells/μL, and 296 cases (86.80%) had HIV-1 viral loads exceeding 5 000 copies/mL. A total of 87 cases exhibited drug resistance-associated mutations, corresponding to a mutation rate of 25.51%. The predominant mutation site was V179, with a mutation rate of 17.01%. A total of 29 cases exhibited resistance to at least one drug, resulting in a resistance rate of 8.50%. The resistance rates to NNRTIs, PIs, and NRTIs were 5.57%, 2.93%, and 1.17%, respectively. The HIV/AIDS patients exhibited varying degrees of resistance to 13 anti-retroviral drugs, with low- or intermediate-level drug resistance being predominant. High-level drug resistance cases were observed against NNRTIs such as nevirapine and efavirenz. Conclusions The drug resistance rate before anti-retroviral therapy among newly dignosed HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥50 years in Yangzhou City was at a moderate level. The predominant resistance mutation was observed at V179 site, with NNRTIs resistance being most prevalent, primarily demonstrating low- or intermediate-level drug resistance.

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella and the genetic characteristics of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in Yangzhou in 2021, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of varicella in Yangzhou. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was carried out on the varicella outbreaks reported in Yangzhou in 2021. Throat swabs or herpes fluid samples from varicella cases in 2021 were collected, and the viral nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The genotype and evolutionary relationship of the virus strain were determined according to the 6 SNPs in the ORF22 gene fragment sequence. Results In 2021, there were 20 varicella outbreaks in Yangzhou, involving 147 cases, all of which occurred in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools, and the peak incidence was in the age group of 4-7 years old. The high incidence time of the outbreaks was from May to July, and from November to January of the next year. The varicella vaccination rate of the cases was low, and all were 1-dose vaccination. The gene sequencing results of 8 samples were J/clade 2, and 3 of them had A-C synonymous mutation at position 37997 in ORF22 sequence. Conclusion In 2021, varicella outbreaks in Yangzhou occurred mainly in kindergartens and schools. Preschool children are susceptible, all of which are caused by J/clade 2 varicella-zoster virus. It is suggested to strengthen the monitoring and management of the varicella epidemic situation in schools in the city, and at the same time incorporate the varicella vaccine into the routine immunization program of the city and strengthen 2 doses of varicella vaccination.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and establish the Cox's regression model and the personal prognosis index for the recurrence of ischemic stroke in 3-year follow-up.methods 1058 patients were retrospectively reviewed consecutively diagnosed with ischemic stroke admitted to the Neurology Department of the Hebei united University Affiliated Hospital from January 1,2013 to December 31,2013.Cases were followed up since the onset of ischemic stroke.The follow-up was finished in January 1,2016.Kaplan-Meier methods were used for recurrence rate description.Monovariant and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze risk factors associated with recurrence.Thus,a recurrence model was set up.Result sDuring the period of follow-up,184 cases relapsed.The 1-year recurrence rate was 29.9 person-year,2-year recurrence rate was 46.6 person-year,3-year recurrence rate was 52.7 person-year.Monovariant and multivariant Cox's proportional hazard regression model showed that the independent risk factors associated with recurrence were age(X1)(RR=1.303;95%CI:1.019~1.666)history of heart disease(X2)(RR=1.788;95%CI:1.127~2.836),hypertension(X3)(RR=1.897;95%CI:1.097~3.280),diabetes(X4)(RR=1.674;95%CI:1.015~2.760),total cholesterol(X5)(RR=2.136;95%CI:1.396~3.266).The personal prognosis index(PI)of recurrence model was as the following: PI=0.265X1+0.581X2+0.640X3+0.515X4+0.759X5.Conclusion sAge,history of heart disease,hypertension,disease progression,and total cholesterol are the independent risk factors associated with recurrence of ischemic stroke.The recurrence model and the personal prognosis index equation are successful constructed.