Introduction: The high prevalence of obesity in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a major public health burden. This study explored the readiness to change for weight loss in adults with T2D with obesity, examining its association with sociodemographics, health status, dietary self-efficacy, and social support for physical activity and diet. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 381 adults with T2D with obesity in Kemaman, Terengganu. The stages of change were dichotomized into ‘not ready’ and ‘ready'. The self-efficacy was measured using the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL-Q), and the social support for physical activity was measured using the Social Support Scale for Diet and Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: More than half of the participants (50.4%) were still not ready to change for weight loss. Multiple logistic regression showed patients who are not married (p = 0.011), obtained tertiary education (p = 0.018), have a higher score in self-efficacy for social pressure (p < 0.001) and received better family support for physical activity (p = 0.001) tend to be ready for weight loss efforts. Conclusion: This study identified marital status, academic background, self-efficacy for social pressure, and family support for physical activity as the determinants in influencing the readiness to change for weight loss in adults with T2D with obesity. The results highlight the importance of targeting the large proportion of adults with T2D who are not ready to lose weight, providing valuable insights to improve obesity interventions within this population.

Dengue remains a public health threat that consumes a significant number of resources for its prevention and control. This systematic review aimed to solidify recent costing evidence in dengue management among South East Asian (SEA) countries. All studies conducted between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved using four international databases i.e. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight. The review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessments were done independently by two reviewers using a checklist adapted for the cost of illness studies. We identified 13 original articles representing several SEA countries. Among the common reported costing measure include total cost/ health expenditure; direct medical cost; direct non-medical cost; and indirect cost. The estimated total cost for dengue management varied between countries largely due to the difference in the total incidence of dengue cases. The estimated cost spent on dengue per capita GDP ranges from less than 0.001% to 0.1%, depending on the recorded number of dengue cases of the year. The majority of the articles focused on the economic burden from the perspective of treatment such as hospitalization and ambulatory care. In a nutshell, the economic burden of managing dengue infection is costly and the evidence suggests a steady increase in health expenditure with the growing number of dengue cases

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented strain on hospital resources and manpower. This study assesses the impact of Malaysia’s nationwide lockdown on the incidence, types, severity, and outcomes of emergency general surgery (EGS) cases at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analysed the data of patients who underwent EGS procedures for the period 2017 and 2021. Results: During the pandemic period, there was a 48.3% reduction in EGS cases (n=889) compared to the pre-pandemic period (n=1720). Significant reductions were observed in surgeries for appendicitis, soft tissue infection, colorectal, urology, peptic ulcer, and vascular disorders in the COVID period. Conversely, procedures for biliary disorders and hernia complications increased by 7.4% and 5.5%, respectively. Length of hospital stay increased by 57.8% for patients with small bowel disorders, while ICU/HDU admissions rose by 43.5% for colorectal cases (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mortality rates between the two periods. Conclusions The overall reduction in EGS procedures during the COVID-19 period was consistent with global trends. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the outcomes related to duration of stay, ICU/HDU utilisation, and mortality remained comparable to the pre-pandemic period. These findings highlight the adaptability of healthcare professionals in maintaining continuity and quality of emergency surgical care during a crisis.
Acute Care Surgery ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics

Purpose: This study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) versus handheld Doppler (HHD) in detecting perforators for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap surgery. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients randomly assigned to two groups from April 2023 to November 2024: One group received CTA and HHD, while the other group received only HHD. Perforators were evaluated for their number, location, and source and compared with intraoperative findings. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 86.0% and 98.0%, respectively, while those of HHD were 81.0% and 86.5%. CTA exhibited an accuracy of 92.0% for perforator identification, whereas that of HHD was 83.5%. Conclusion CTA offers higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in identifying ALT flap perforators than HHD. Its superior imaging capabilities can enable improved surgical planning, minimizing intraoperative challenges, reducing the risk of complications, and potentially increasing flap survival rates. As such, CTA could be considered a valuable standard tool in preoperative planning for ALT flap surgery, particularly in cases where anatomical variation poses a challenge.

Purpose: This study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) versus handheld Doppler (HHD) in detecting perforators for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap surgery. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients randomly assigned to two groups from April 2023 to November 2024: One group received CTA and HHD, while the other group received only HHD. Perforators were evaluated for their number, location, and source and compared with intraoperative findings. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 86.0% and 98.0%, respectively, while those of HHD were 81.0% and 86.5%. CTA exhibited an accuracy of 92.0% for perforator identification, whereas that of HHD was 83.5%. Conclusion CTA offers higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in identifying ALT flap perforators than HHD. Its superior imaging capabilities can enable improved surgical planning, minimizing intraoperative challenges, reducing the risk of complications, and potentially increasing flap survival rates. As such, CTA could be considered a valuable standard tool in preoperative planning for ALT flap surgery, particularly in cases where anatomical variation poses a challenge.

Purpose: This study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) versus handheld Doppler (HHD) in detecting perforators for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap surgery. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients randomly assigned to two groups from April 2023 to November 2024: One group received CTA and HHD, while the other group received only HHD. Perforators were evaluated for their number, location, and source and compared with intraoperative findings. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 86.0% and 98.0%, respectively, while those of HHD were 81.0% and 86.5%. CTA exhibited an accuracy of 92.0% for perforator identification, whereas that of HHD was 83.5%. Conclusion CTA offers higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in identifying ALT flap perforators than HHD. Its superior imaging capabilities can enable improved surgical planning, minimizing intraoperative challenges, reducing the risk of complications, and potentially increasing flap survival rates. As such, CTA could be considered a valuable standard tool in preoperative planning for ALT flap surgery, particularly in cases where anatomical variation poses a challenge.