: In our country, burnt occupies a high percentage among the unexpected injuries depending on the living conditions.
Children and adults who have recovered after treatment in the burn unit may need further treatment, such as surgery to release the burn scar especially, on the movable joint of the body. It requires a lot of money. Therefore, in order to accelerate healing and solve their economic difficulties, ingredients that have been used in traditional medicine but have been proven to be effective in the past century and not used in the field of health today, should be selected from ancient medical scriptures and books and confirmed by clinical trials and introduced into the clinic. I have chosen this topic for research work. Research materials and methodology: The experimental research work was carried out based on the laboratory of the Institute of Traditional Medicine Technology and the standard methodology of modern pharmaceutical science, and according to the standard methodology of pharmacology, 2.5*2.0*2.5cm sized burn wounds were administered to white Wistar rats weighing 180-200g.
On days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after the formation of the pathological model, and histological analysis of the wound healing area was performed, and the healing rate of the wound area was evaluated by mathematical calculations, and the process was confirmed by photographs. Result: By planimetry, the size of the burn wound was reduced by 2 times in the X1 treatment group compared to the control group on the 28th day. According to the results of histological analysis, inflammatory cells and hyper proliferation of fibroblast cells in the dermis layer of the rats in the untreated control group were reduced, and the bundles of collagen fibers were relatively orderly. Conclusion According to the size of the wound healing area and the histological analysis results, it was found in our research that among the tested groups, the inflammatory, granulation, and regeneration stages of the wound healing in the Version 1 group were relatively active or in a short time, and they regenerated the skin tissue.

COVID-19 and pregnancy: a national registry based study Background: According to a cohort study involving 2,130 pregnant women from 16 countries, the impact of COVID-19 on maternal morbidity and mortality was higher in low- and middle-income countries. Other one study found that the coronavirus pandemic increased maternal mortality by 1.37 times. The COVID-19-related mortality risk is 3 times higher in pregnant women than in the general population. In our country, there is a lack of evidence that determine the impact of COVID-19 on maternal mortality based on the national registration system. We aimed to study the relationship between COVID-19 and maternal mortality and complications based on national registry data Materials and methods: The study was conducted between February 20, 2022 and March 1, 2022 based NCMCH. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on maternal mortality was performed based on the 2020-2021 maternal mortality data of Mongolia through a retrospective and time series analysis. In order to estimated factors that affect the complications of a pregnant women’s COVID-19 infection, it was conducted a retrospective study design based on the database of pregnant women diagnosed with a COVID-19 infection. The study data was collected through a prepared questionnaire. Results: According to analysis, the maternal mortality rate in Mongolia in 2021 was 1.9 times higher than the predicted rate. In 2021, 67.6% of maternal deaths are due to COVID-19. In 2021, the maternal mortality rate due to Covid-19 was 64.2 per 100,000 live births, which is twice as high as maternal mortality due to other diseases. In 2020-2022, 17,789 pregnant women between the ages of 14 and 46 who were infected with the coronavirus were included in the study to determine the factors affecting the complications of COVID-19. The mean age of the participants was 30 ± 5.8 (95% CI 29.7 – 29.9) and their gestational age was 24 ± 10 weeks. Of all participants, 71.6% was diagnosed and treated in Ulaanbaatar. 52.7% of pregnant mothers diagnosed with coronavirus and presenting with complications have not been vaccinated, which is a relatively high rate compared to the group of pregnant mothers without complications. Not being vaccinated against coronavirus had a 70% increased risk of complications (OR = 1.7, 95.0% CI: 1.4–2.0). However, the probability of hospitalization increased by 20% (OR = 1.2, 95.0% CI: 1.0 – 1.4). The COVID-19 severity depends on the age of the maternal and the length of the pregnancy. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on maternal mortality, has increased. The maternal mortality rate in Mongolia is low compared to other countries, but it is higher than the recommended level for reducing maternal mortality. COVID-19 vaccination, on the other hand, reduced the complications of pregnant women and had a protective effect. It is important to build evidence by examining the effects of COVID-19 and vaccines on pregnant women.

Assessing children with disabilities using who international classification of functioning (ICF) Background: In 2021, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1 billion people are estimated to experience disability. The number of children with disabilities globally is estimated at almost 240 million, according to a new UNICEF report. There are approximately 43 million children with disabilities in East Asia and the Pacific. In the 2020 population and housing census of Mongolia, a total of 106.4 thousand people with disabilities were counted, of which 7.6 percent or 8.1 thousand children aged 0-14 were counted. People with disabilities lose some of their ability to labor. WHO recommended that assessment of children with disabilities using both ICD and ICF. Thus, we aim to assess children with disabilities who have neurological disease using International Classification of Functioning and evaluate the validity of this classification. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study based on NCMCH. Study materials were collected from children and guardians through standard questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 2 groups: general information of the participant and indicators of the scope of the D code of the "ICF" to assess the childhood disability. According to the indicators of the D code range, activity limitations and participation restriction, disabilities were evaluated. Each question in the questionnaire was measured on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 to 4. The statistical analysis was performed using R 3.5.1 program. Validity was assessed using the Rasch model for each question. Questionnaire reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test. Results: The study included 32 children aged 2-15 years. Male children were 62.5% of participants, the mean age was 8±3.1 years. Correlation between questions was high (r = 0.79) and reliability was adequate (α=0.94). As a result of Rasch analysis, the mean and standard deviation of the 36 selected parameters were not significantly different from the standardized mean. 3 indicators that did not meet the analysis criteria were removed, and a total of 33 indicators were used to measure childhood disabilities. Mean infit MNSQ was 1.06, mean outfit MNSQ was 0.93. MNSQ of all participants were 1.0 – 2.0. As a result of Rasch analysis, the mean of 33 indicators of disability is -1.6, the standard deviation is 1.2, the upper limit of the mean is 3.6, and the lower limit is -3.4, and the indicator of D code was stable enough to measure disability. The mean code scores were 2.45±1.3. The mean score of disability level of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy was 2.9±1.09, and children hospitalized with seizures and meningitis was 0.5±0.3. Also, the total mean score was 2.61±1.2 in the group with disability and receiving care, and 1.8±0.21 in the group not receiving care, which was a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Inter-indicator correlation was good and reliability of the questionnaire was adequate in field use of the 38 indicators of the activity limitations and participation restriction of the International Classification of Functioning, Children's Version (ICF-CY) code range “D”. When evaluated by Rasch analysis, 33 questions were evaluated as structural and stable. The International Classification of Functioning can be used to assess children's disabilities. Discussions: Niels Ove Illum et al. (2015) found that The World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health child and youth version d code data can provide a coherent measure of severity of disability in children across various diagnoses, ages, and genders. Results were similar to our study.

Clinical characteristics differences and risk factors of coronavirus disease and influenza in children 0-18 years Background: In worldwide, 176190 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 during April of 2020. According 01/09/2021, 46019 children had diagnosed with COVID-19 in Mongolia, were 19.5% of all cases. During COVID-19 infection, respiratory and digestive symptoms were commonly presented in children. Although the symptoms of coronavirus disease in children and adults are similar, in general, it was relatively mildly than adults, but from clinical observations reported that the infection occurs more severely in children and leads to death. During the coronavirus pandemic, it has been reported that children have Kawasaki syndrome, cardiac myopathy, coronary artery changes, and digestive system problems. Cardiac dysfunction in children may have recovered without sequelae, and further long-term follow-up studies are necessary. We aimed study clinical characteristics differences and risk factors of coronavirus disease and influenza in children 0-18 years. Materials and methods: The study was conducted Children hospital of NCMCH from October 01, 2021 to April 01, 2022, participated 594 inpatients with COVID-19 and influenza, and studied clinical characteristics, laboratory and functional diagnostic changes, treatment, and complications of the coronavirus disease and influenza. Results: The study included 450 children aged 0-18 years with confirmed COVID-19 infection and 144 children with influenza. In social-demographic indicators, the mean age of children is 4±4.8 years, and 58.6% are male. Children age group included 0-4 ages, 5-9 ages, 10-15 ages and over 15 ages (62.4%, 17.5%, 16.2%, and 3.7%), respectively. As for influenza, 39.7% were children aged 0-9. In 8 cases, they received the COVID-19 vaccine but became ill with COVID-19. As for the variants of COVID-19 infection, 231(41.8%) alpha, 219(48.0%) delta, and 144(24.2%) influenza according to the wave period and clinical differentiation. In severity of diseases, 2(0.4%) were mild, 312(69.3%) were moderate, 117(26.0%) were severe, and 17(3.8%) were critical severe. There is a statistically significant difference in the severity of the disease between COVID-19 and influenza. 1 death (0.4%) occurred in cases of COVID-19. The mean days of inpatients with COVID-19 was 12.4±5.5 and mean days of inpatients with influenza 8.6±3.64. When assess signs of children, fever, cough and food aversion were main signs among both group of alpha and delta varientin COVID-19. Specifically, 67.3% had fever, 63.3% cough, 16.4% runny nose, 8% chest pain, 10.2% headache, 15.5% fatigue, and 0.9% decreased sense of taste and smell. There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.000) in the symptoms of cough, chest pain, general toxication symptoms and decreased sense of taste and smell in the case of COVID-19 and influenza. During influenza, symptoms of chest tightness and respiratory distress were observed in 10 (7.4%) children during severe illness. 0.5% of all cases of COVID-19 with sinus arrhythmia, and atrioventricular block were detected 0.9% of all cases by electrocardiogram analysis. When studying the underlying medical conditions of children in relation to the complications of COVID-19 and influenza, children diagnosed with heart defects, malnutrition, weakness, anemia, cerebral palsy, and other chronic diseases have a greater impact on the severity of the disease of COVID-19 than those with influenza. In the study of the factors affecting the severity of the COVID-19 infection, the child's age and gender did not have an effect, while the presence of a heart defect in the child increased the risk of complications by 5 times (p<0.001). Conclusions: Among 0-4 aged children with COVID-19 are occurred more hospitalization, brightly presented symptoms in children with chronic diseases, are being more severe and hospitalization days are more than in children with influenza. Symptoms of fever, cough, and runny nose are more common in children during flu and influenza, while headache, abdominal pain, dehydration, and reduced sense of taste and smell are significantly more common in the case of COVID-19. On the other hand, symptoms of chest pain, weakness, and fatigue were found in the 2 groups. The comorbidities (congenital cardiac anomalies, malnutrition, weakness, anemia, cerebral palsy, and other chronic diseases) are being risk factors for the severity of coronavirus disease.

Association between biomarkers of ovarian reserve and maternal age among infertility women Background: Ovarian reserve declines with maternal age and researchers have proposed a variety of biomarkers to determine ovarian reserve and function. Also, for couples diagnosed with infertility, the determination of ovarian reserve is an important predictor of pregnancy outcome. Therefore, researchers report that there is a need to specifically study the relationship between women's age and ovarian reserve markers in women diagnosed with infertility. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in cross-sectional design from May 2021 to April 2022 at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health based on the Infertility and Reproductive Center. Maternal diagnosed with infertility were included in the study, and laboratory markers (Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Estradiol, Anti-muller hormone) were measured, and data were collected. Results: The study included 158 women aged 23-47 who were diagnosed with infertility, and the mean age was 33.6±5.3. The mean markers of the laboratory tests of the women included in the study were Follicle Stimulating Hormone 7.9±2.8, Luteinizing Hormone 7.9±2.84, Estradiol 43.2±6, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone 3.3±5.0. Women's age was associated with Follicle-stimulating hormone (r=-0.116, p=0.045), Luteinizing Hormone (r=-0.16, p=0.006), Estradiol (r=-0.26, p=0.008) and Anti-Mullerian hormone(r= -0.204., p=0.032) had a statistically significant negative relationship. Conclusions: Ovarian reserve declines with age in women diagnosed with infertility, and biomarkers are measured with different efficacy. Ovarian reserve was significantly lower in women aged 40 and older who participated in the study.

Safety and effectiveness of COVID 19 vaccine among pregnant woman Introduction: Major International Organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC), American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) recommend that use of COVID 19 vaccine for people who are pregnant, breastfeeding and trying to get pregnant. Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of COVID 19 vaccine among pregnant woman. Materials and methods: In this prospective study, we collected data from pregnant woman who are receiving their antenatal care at the general hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city and National Center for Maternal and Child Health of Mongolia between July 1, 2021 and August 20, 2021. The survey data were collected four categories of questionnaires. An ultrasound scan performed to screening of fetal anomalies and to assess fetal growth at 12, 20, 28, 36 weeks of pregnancy. Results: Among the total of 420 pregnant woman, 193 (46.0%) have received COVID 19 vaccine and 227 (54.0%) were not. (1:1) The most commonly reported adverse events in pregnant participants were injection site pain (63.2%), myalgia (45.2%), headache (44.9%) and fatigue (40%). Furthermore, complications of pregnancy were 11.5% of vaccinated group and 7.8% of the other group and it has shown that pregnancy complications was not statistically significant in differentiating to the study groups (x^2 = 1.62, p = 0.205) Pregnant woman with COVID 19 infections were 73.6% (n=39) of unvaccinated group and 26.4% (n=14) of vaccinated group. Whether to relate between COVID 19 vaccination and COVID 19 infections were statistically significant in differentiating to the study groups. According to the result, COVID 19 vaccine has an effectiveness of 91% for the pregnant woman if they continue to administer the prevention method of COVID 19 infections (same as before the vaccination: wearing a mask, keep a safe distance). The risk of fetal anomalies at first trimester and 20 weeks gestation were not statistically significant in differentiating to the study groups. These results demonstrate that the COVID 19 vaccine does not affects fetus by now. Conclusions: In this study, COVID 19 vaccine does not increase a risk of pregnancy and medical complications. The prevalence of COVID 19 infection was statistically significant in differentiating to the both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. It shows that COVID19 vaccines have became a crucial tools for reducing the incidence of COVID 19 infection in pregnancy.

Effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and delivery outcome: systematic review with meta-analysis Introduction: The impact of Coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19) on during pregnancy, maternal outcome, and neonatal health is unclear. We aimed to measure about effect of Coronavirus infection to pregnancy, maternal outcome, and newborn health in systematic review with meta-analysis. Materials and methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis conducted PRISMA guidelines, recommended from Cochrane, based on database of studies and a hypothesis to determine the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy, maternal, and neonatal outcome. We searched for eligible studies of databases from December 2019 to April 2021. Our dependent variables were preeclampsia, preterm birth and stillbirth. Independent variables were infection of COVID during pregnancy, and outcomes. We measured for primary outcome that are preeclampsia, preterm birth, and secondary stillbirth. The meta-analysis evaluated the quality of the observational study (Newcastle – Ottawa Scale) and included the results. Statistical analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.0 software. The ratio (OR) in meta-analysis was calculated using a meta-regression model (Random effect meta-analysis). The mean difference was measured and weighed 95.0% confidence interval. Results: We included 46 studies involving 459,789 participants. Coronavirus infection maybe associated with increase the risks of preeclampsia in pregnancy (B: 1.21, 95.0% CI: 1.01 - 1.25), premature birth (B: 1.91, 95.0% CI: 1.62–2.15), stillbirth (B: 2.2, 95.0% CI: 2.12–2.31. Conclusions: Coronavirus infection increases the risk of preeclampsia, premature birth and stillbirth. Furthermore, the studies are needed to collect more robust data to validate or substantiate these findings, better understand the impact of COVID on pregnancy in experiment, intervention, and cohort studies with Meta-Analysis.

The study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus infection in children ages 0-18 Introductions: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been spreading in Wuhan, Hebei Province, China since late 2019, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been constantly mutating, and several new variants have emerged, dominating the world. These variants are characterized by differences in transmission, toxicity, and pathogenicity. Due to the lack of research on pediatric COVID-19 in Mongolia. Our goal was to study the symptoms and severity of children with COVID-19 and to compare clinical characteristics between Alpha and Delta of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in children. Material and methods: Clinical characteristics, laboratory and diagnostic test results of 450 children aged 0-18 years, confirmed by laboratory tests from March 30, 2021 to December 1, 2022 in the Isolation Department of COVID-19 infected children of the NCMCH, treatment and complications were studied retrospectively. Result: The study involved 450 children aged 0-18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. According to the demographic variables, 263 (58.4%) boys and 189 (41.6%) girls. In terms of age group, 62.4% were aged 0-4 years, 17.5% were aged 5-9 years, 16.2% were aged 10-15 years, and 3.7% were children over 15 years old. Of these children, 231 (51.3%) were clinically confirm signs of alpha and 219 (48.7%) delta variant. In 8 cases, COVID-19 was vaccinated but became infected. Clinical features of alpha-type physical examination were 117 (51.6%), pale face and paleness (29.6%), and respiratory distress (40.0.0%). Clinical features of delta-variant bruising, pallor, and chest depression were predominant on physical examination. Conclusion: COVID-19 In children with alpha and delta variants, the most common symptoms of respiratory viral infections, such as fever and cough, were respiratory distress in alpha variant and respiratory and circulatory abnormalities signs in delta variant.

Abstract: Ngo mtshar dga’ ston gter mdzod” by gelong (Fully ordained monk, Tib. དགེ་སློང་) Choijamts is one of the important medical books of traditional medicine. From this book, we found the Srog dzin-5 prescription and the purpose of the study is to determine acute and chronic toxicity of the prescription, and to identify its effect on animal models of depressive disorders. Methods:
1. The study was conducted using quantitative research method by experimental research model.
2. Determination of acute and chronic toxicity.
3. Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) Procedure. Conclusion
1. Srog dzin-5 prescription (LD₅₀ = 25.8 (24-29) g/kg) has been shown to be non-toxic according to the generally accepted classification of K.Sidorov and B.Berezovskaya. When conducting histological studies, it was found that the surface of the liver, kidneys and adrenals is smooth. Color, shape and size of organs are normal.
2. In the model of chronic stress-induced depression, the Srog dzin-5 prescription increases physical activity, reduce tears, prevent anxiety and weight loss.

Abstract: There is a growing need for a systematic study of the use of medicines prepared from herbal, animal, and mineral raw materials in traditional Mongolian medicine to a new level. Based on traditional medicine technology and use, the study identified the most suitable modern medicinal ingredients for the human body, namely a medicine that can be used for depression in the ancient scripture, “Ngo mtshar dga’ ston gter mdzod” by Gelen Choijamts and further practical application is imperative. Purpose: To study the effects of Srog dzin-5 prescription on pathogenesis model of acute stress and animal models of depressive disor- ders. Conclusion
1. In the pathogenesis model of acute stress disorder caused by restricted mobility, Srog dzin-5 prescription prevents stress-induced thymic involution and enlargement of adrenal glands.
2. In the pathogenesis model of ethanol-induced depression, Srog dzin-5 prescription increased physical activity, reduced despair, and prevented anxiety according to behavioral assessment.