With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

With the widespread application of government special bonds in the financing of public hospitals in China,an in-depth analysis of the internal control strategies of this financing method in medical equipment procurement is of great significance for promoting the management of government special bonds and the sustainable and healthy development of the medical and health industry.It explores the five core elements of internal environment,risk assessment,control activities,information and communication,and internal supervision from the perspective of internal control.Research has found that in the process of using government special bonds to purchase medical equipment,there are multiple problems such as reduced efficiency in fund utilization,high usage costs,and high repayment pressure.Therefore,it proposes optimization strategies such as slowing down the issuance speed,formulating interest and principal repayment budgets,and conducting full life cycle procurement argumentation,in order to provide reference suggestions for improving the management efficiency of government special bonds and the internal control level of public hospitals.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Multimodal analgesia is the gold standard for postoperative pain management,and ultra-sound-guided nerve block as the cornerstone supplemented with fewer opioids and a sufficient amount of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)throughout the entire course of the procedure is the most main-stream multimodal analgesic regimen at present.However,ultrasound-guided nerve blocks are limited by the duration of action of local anesthetics and often provide effective analgesia for surgical patients for no more than 8 hours,resulting in a low satisfaction rate of postoperative analgesia in surgical patients.With the con-tinuous research on the concept of rapid rehabilitation,how to extend the duration of action of local anesthet-ics is the focus and hotspot of research.Ultra-long-acting local anesthetics include liposomal bupivacaine and HTX-011,which have been applied in clinical practice,and quaternary ammonium derivatives,which are still in the research stage.In this paper,we will review the existing ultra-long-acting local anesthetics in terms of ultra-long-acting local anesthetics with extended-release systems,new pathways and targets of ultra-long-acting local anesthetics,and the development of ultra-long-acting local anesthetics in the form of brand-new compounds,so as to provide new ideas for the subsequent research and clinical application of ultra-long-acting local anesthetics.