After continuous development and improvement, lung transplantation has become the preferred means to treat a variety of benign end-stage lung diseases. However, the field of lung transplantation still faces many challenges, including shortage of donor resources, preservation and maintenance of donor lungs, and postoperative complications. Lung tissue samples removed after lung transplantation are excellent clinical resources for the study of benign end-stage lung disease and perioperative complications of lung transplantation. However, at present, the collection, storage and utilization of tissue samples after lung transplantation are limited to a single study, and unified technical specifications have not been formed. Based on the construction plan of the biobank for lung transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, this study reviewed the practical experience in the collection, storage and utilization of lung transplant tissue samples in the aspects of ethical review, staffing, collection process, storage method, quality control and efficient utilization, in order to provide references for lung transplant related research.

Objective To explore the key targets and signaling pathways in the therapeutic mechanism of Semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang(SC)root against pancreatic cancer network pharmacology and molecular docking studies and cell experiments.Methods The targets of SC and pancreatic cancer were predicted using the network pharmacological database,the protein-protein interaction network was constructed,and pathways,functional enrichment and molecular docking analyses were performed.CCK-8 assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of SC root on 8 cancer cell lines,and its effects on invasion,migration,proliferation,and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells were evaluated.Western blotting was performed to verify the results of network pharmacology analysis.Results We identified a total of 18 active components in SC,which regulated 21 potential key targets in pancreatic cancer.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that these targets were involved mainly in the biological processes including protein phosphorylation,signal transduction,and apoptosis and participated in cancer signaling and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.Among the 8 cancer cell lines,The aqueous extract of SC root produced the most obvious inhibitory effect in pancreatic cancer cells,and significantly inhibited the invasion,migration,and proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells(P<0.05).Western blotting confirmed that SC significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT in Panc-1 cells(P<0.001).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of SC root against pancreatic cancer effects is mediated by its multiple components that act on different targets and pathways including the PI3K-Akt pathway.

Objective To explore the key targets and signaling pathways in the therapeutic mechanism of Semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang(SC)root against pancreatic cancer network pharmacology and molecular docking studies and cell experiments.Methods The targets of SC and pancreatic cancer were predicted using the network pharmacological database,the protein-protein interaction network was constructed,and pathways,functional enrichment and molecular docking analyses were performed.CCK-8 assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of SC root on 8 cancer cell lines,and its effects on invasion,migration,proliferation,and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells were evaluated.Western blotting was performed to verify the results of network pharmacology analysis.Results We identified a total of 18 active components in SC,which regulated 21 potential key targets in pancreatic cancer.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that these targets were involved mainly in the biological processes including protein phosphorylation,signal transduction,and apoptosis and participated in cancer signaling and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.Among the 8 cancer cell lines,The aqueous extract of SC root produced the most obvious inhibitory effect in pancreatic cancer cells,and significantly inhibited the invasion,migration,and proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells(P<0.05).Western blotting confirmed that SC significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT in Panc-1 cells(P<0.001).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of SC root against pancreatic cancer effects is mediated by its multiple components that act on different targets and pathways including the PI3K-Akt pathway.

Liver failure is a common end-stage liver disease syndrome in clinical practice characterized by massive necrosis of hepatocytes leading to rapid liver failure, and it is currently believed that excessive inflammation and immune response are the core mechanisms of this disease. Endogenous lipid mediators are involved in the regulation of a variety of inflammatory processes, including initiation, maintenance, and regression, and eicosanoids and pro-decomposition lipid mediators, as well as their complex metabolic pathways and transduction signals, play a key role in the regulation of these processes. This article reviews the key role of endogenous lipid mediators in the pathophysiological mechanism of inflammation and immune dysfunction in liver failure and the potential significance and new therapeutic opportunities of lipid immune pathway in liver failure, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver failure.

Inflammation is closely associated with the development of cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) actively participate in tumor-related inflammation and promote tumor growth and metastasis, while under certain conditions, TAM also show cytotoxicity and tumor killing activity and thus inhibit the progression of cancer. Crosstalk between TAM and neighboring cells is closely associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and drug resistance during treatment. This article summarizes the role of macrophages in HCC and the crosstalk between macrophages and other cells, so as to provide new strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Objective:To study the risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) during hospitalization in very preterm infants (VPIs) with birth weight (BW) <1 500 g.Methods:From Jan 2015 to Dec 2020, clinical data of VPIs admitted to neonatal department our hospital were retrospectively studied. The infants were assigned into EUGR group and non-EUGR group according to their weight at discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of EUGR in VPIs.Results:A total of 969 VPIs were enrolled, including 400 cases of EUGR (41.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Z-score of BW ( OR=0.057, 95% CI 0.037-0.088, P<0.001) was closely correlated with the occurrence of EUGR and growth velocity (GV) after regain BW ( OR=0.537, 95% CI 0.479-0.602, P<0.001) was a protective factor for EUGR. Maternal hypertension during pregnancy ( OR=1.895, 95% CI 1.059-3.394, P=0.031), asphyxia at birth ( OR=2.508, 95% CI 1.265-3.347, P=0.004) and moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) ( OR=2.660, 95% CI 1.503-4.708, P=0.001) were risk factors for EUGR at discharge. Conclusions:EUGR is still common in VPIs. Increased GV after regain BW, prevention and treatment of moderate to severe BPD may reduce the incidence of EUGR at discharge in VPIs.

Glycolysis plays an important role in the development and progression of liver diseases and shows varying degrees of enhancement in different liver diseases, and it is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and reactive oxygen species production), which helps to fill energy production deficiency caused by impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, it might be possible to search for potential new therapies for liver diseases through targeted regulation of the key factors in aerobic glycolysis, such as hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, and other regulatory pathways. From the perspective of the association between glycolysis and liver diseases, this article elaborates on the therapeutic significance and potential value of glycolysis in liver diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

Objective: To understand the early infant diagnosis (EID) test rate and associated factors in HIV-exposed children in China during 2015-2017. Methods: The follow-up information cards of 12 096 HIV-exposed children for 18 months after birth during 2015-2017 were collected from the Management Information System of China’s Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV for a retrospective analysis. The EID test characteristics of HIV exposed children and associated factors were analyzed. Results: From 2015 to 2017, the EID test rate in HIV exposed children increased from 65.6% to 83.4% in China (trend χ² P<0.001). The EID test rate within 8 weeks after birth increased from 61.1% to 76.8% (trend χ² P<0.001), but the EID positive rate decreased from 8.7% to 3.4% (trend χ² P<0.001). The EID positive rate in fatal HIV-exposed children was 47.7%, 36.9% and 36.3% during 2015-2017, respectively, the differences were not significant. EID test rate was associated with ethnic group, living area, survival status and the year reaching 18-month-old of the children. Conclusions The performance of EID test has been standardized step by step in China. The positive rate of EID test decreased gradually with year. However, the EID test rates in children who were from minority ethnic groups, lived in areas with lower prevalence of HIV infection and died within 18 months after birth were relatively low.

Objective: To analyze serologic surveillance indicators during pregnancy among syphilis-infected women who delivered in 2013 in East China. Methods: Data were from national 'Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV, syphilis and HBV Management’ and in total 5 206 syphilis-infected pregnant women who delivered in 2013 and in East China were involved in the analysis. Information on demographic characters, laboratory tests, and treatment regimens were collected. The maternal non-treponemal testing surveillance and titer distribution were described and compare the proportions between pregnant women receiving standard testing and non-standard testing, taking baseline testing and testing before delivery or at the third trimester. Multivariate logistic regression model was analyzed using maternal titer control as dependent variable, using prior history of syphilis infection, syphilis stages, titer, gestational weeks of treatment initiation and treatment regimens as independent variables in 3 940 pregnant women with both baseline testing results and testing results before delivery or at the third trimester. Results: The ages of the 5 206 syphilis infected pregnant women were (28.1±5.8) years old. The numbers of women received penicillin treatment, other treatment regimens and no treatment were 2 967 (57.0%), 281 (5.4%), and 1 958 (37.6%), respectively. The number of women with maternal seroconversion, 4-fold or greater titer decline, or titer increase were 349 (6.7%), 251 (4.8%) and 28 (0.5%). Multivariate analysis results showed that compared with pregnant women with prior history of syphilis, the OR(95%CI) for maternal titer control was 1.49 (1.18-1.88) among those with syphilis-infection history. Compared with pregnant women initiated treatment at 28 gestational weeks or before, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control was 4.09 (3.19-5.24) among those who initiated treatment after 28 gestational weeks. Compared with pregnant women initiated treatment at 28 gestational weeks or before, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control was 4.09 (3.19-5.24) among those who initiated treatment after 28 gestational weeks or received no treatment. Compared with pregnant women received penicillin treatment, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control among those received non-penicillin treatment and those received no treatment were 2.35 (1.46-3.76) and 1.55 (1.13-2.12), respectively. Conclusion In East China, the proportion of women achieved seroconversion or 4-fold or greater titer decline during pregnancy was very low. Pregnant women with no prior history of syphilis infection, early maternal initiation of treatment, and penicillin treatment were more likely to reach maternal titer control.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of low-temperature plasma-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UP-PP)in the patients with positional and non-positional obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods Twenty-six patients with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography monitoring receiving the low-temperature plasma-assisted UPPP in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected and divided into the positional OSAHS group(PPs) and non-positional OSAHS group(NPPs) according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) under different sleep positional status.The AHI change before and after operation and operation effective rate were compared between the two groups.Results Theoverall AHI,supine position AHI and lateral position AHI in the PPs group all were lower than those in the NPPs group(P＜0.05),moreover the blood oxygen related indexes were higher than those in the NPPs group(P＜0.05).The overall surgical effective rate in the OSAHS patients was 73.08％ (19/26),in which the surgical effective rate was 100％ (7/7) in the PPs group and 63.16％ (12/19) in the NPPs group,the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance(P=0.13).The postoperative total AHI,supine position AHI and lateral position AHI in the two groups were decreased compared with before operation(P＜0.05);the decrease range of lateral position AHI in the NPPs group was significantly higher than that in the supine position AHI[0.96(0.86,1.00)vs.0.53(0.34,0.77),P＜0.01].78.95 ％ (15/19) postoperation patients in the NPPs group converted to PPs.Conclusion Low-temperature plasma-assisted UPPP has some effects on OSAHS patients,in which the benefit of NPPs are more apparent.