Life science and medical research involving human beings cannot be separated from the support of research participants.The safety,health,and rights and interests of research participants are the primary considerations in clinical research,and their rights and interests include the right of compensation,privacy protection,health and so on.Protecting the compensation rights of research participants is a necessary responsibility of the research-related departments and personnel.Based on laws and regulations and literature review,and combined with practical experience,this paper made an in-depth discussion on compensation rights.It puts forward the types of compensation(conventional compensation,research-related damage compensation),compensation principles(necessity,timeliness,appropriateness,fairness),compensation elements(method,amount,plan,consent,notification,and reference of compensation),compensation under special circumstances(compensation for participants without or with limited informed consent ability and withdraw from the study midway),protection measures of compensation right(sponsor/contract research organizations,research institutions,research management departments,(main)researchers and research teams,ethics(review)committee).The compensation rights should be implemented to protect research participants.

Objective To explore the value of deep learning(DL)models semi-automatic training system for automatic optimization of clinical image quality control of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).Methods Totally 1 250 TTE videos from 402 patients were retrospectively collected,including 490 apical four chamber(A4C),310 parasternal long axis view of left ventricle(PLAX)and 450 parasternal short axis view of great vessel(PSAXGv).The videos were divided into development set(245 A4C,155 PLAX,225 PSAXGV),semi-automated training set(98 A4C,62 PLAX,90 PSAXGV)and test set(147 A4C,93 PLAX,135 PSAXGV)at the ratio of 5:2:3.Based on development set and semi-automatic training set,DL model of quality control was semi-automatically iteratively optimized,and a semi-automatic training system was constructed,then the efficacy of DL models for recognizing TTE views and assessing imaging quality of TTE were verified in test set.Results After optimization,the overall accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score of DL models for recognizing TTE views in test set improved from 97.33％,97.26％,97.26％and 97.26％to 99.73％,99.65％,99.77％and 99.71％,respectively,while the overall accuracy for assessing A4C,PLAX and PSAXGV TTE as standard views in test set improved from 89.12％,83.87％and 90.37％to 93.20％,90.32％and 93.33％,respectively.Conclusion The developed DL models semi-automatic training system could improve the efficiency of clinical imaging quality control of TTE and increase iteration speed.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and risk factors among middle-aged and elderly residents in Beijing.Methods:In August-December of 2017, 6 549 residents aged 45-79 years old were randomly selected in the study by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The investigation was performed by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests. The contents of questionnaire included the demographic characteristic and prevalence of chronic disease. Blood pressure was tested. Fasting venous blood was collected to test the level of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood-glucose (FBG), blood creatinine (Cr) and serum uric acid (UA). The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was used to estimate GFR(eGFR). The decreased GFR was defined as eGFR less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2. The statistical software SPSS 20.0 was used for analysis. The general linear model, test of independence of rows and columns, logistic regression for complex samples were generalized. The weighted mean and weighted rate were analyzed. Results:The average level of eGFR was (100.51±0.54) ml/min per 1.73 m 2. The rate of decreased GFR was 1.28%, and it showed a higher rate in subjects aged 70-79 years-old, living in urban area, with history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia (4.53%, 1.57%, 2.90%, 2.27%, 2.12% and 4.62%; F=30.827, 10.588, 11.466, 34.693, 6.788,51.643, all P<0.05) . Logistic regression analysis of complex sampling showed that 70-79 years old ( OR=4.435, 95 %CI:2.402-8.191), living in urban area ( OR=3.145, 95 %CI: 1.540-6.420), hypertension ( OR=4.663, 95 %CI:2.177-9.988), hyperuricemia ( OR=6.751, 95 %CI:3.363-13.553) were associated with decreased GFR (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The prevalence of the decreased eGFR among middle-aged and elderly residents in Beijing is higher than the average level in the eastern part of China. Hypertension, hyperuricemia, the old age and living in urban are risk factors of decreased GFR.

Objective:To understand the awareness of smoking hazards and intention of smoking concession in residents aged 18-65 years in Beijing, and provide scientific evidence for the development and improvement of tobacco control policies and measures.Methods:Data were collected from the 2017 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease surveillance. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to take samples from 165 communities in 16 districts of Beijing. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:Among 11 594 participants, 49.93% had no intention of smoking concession. The percentage of refusing smoking concession was higher in men (50.39%) than in women (43.01%), the difference was significant ( χ2=14.211, P=0.002), and higher in suburban residents (56.78%) than in urban residents (45.30%), the difference was significant ( χ2=51.977, P<0.001). For the smoking cessation motivation, "illness" was the reason for more former smokers (29.88%) compared with current smokers (11.50%), the difference was significant ( χ2=85.865, P<0.001). The awareness rates of smoking hazards was higher in women (34.97%) than in men (32.63%), the difference was significant ( Z=5.612, P<0.001), higher in suburban residents (35.44%) than in urban residents (33.03%), the difference was significant ( Z=-3.734, P<0.001), and higher in never smokers (35.15%) than in smokers (30.06%), the difference was significant ( χ2=62.277, P=0.005). Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed people with general awareness ( OR=0.61, 95 %CI: 0.39-0.94) and poor awareness ( OR=0.67, 95 %CI: 0.50-0.90) of smoking hazards were less likely to quit smoking and people with general awareness ( OR=0.64, 95 %CI: 0.53-0.76) and poor awareness ( OR=0.87, 95 %CI: 0.78-0.98) of smoking hazards were more likely to smoke. Conclusions:Smokers aged 18-65 in Beijing had low willingness for smoking cessation. Health problem was main consideration for smoking cessation. Never-smokers had better awareness of smoking hazards than smokers, and the awareness of smoking hazards was an influencing factor of smoking status.

Objective:To investigate the status quo of sleelated problems and relationship with dyslipidemia among adults in Beijing.Methods:From August to December 2017, 13 188 residents aged 18-79 years old were randomly selected as the subjects of this study, by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory testing were used in this study. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics and status quo of sleep. Height and weight were measured, with fasting venous blood collected to test the levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG.Results:In Beijing, 52.1% of the adults involved in this study were having sleep-related problems which appeared higher in patients with dyslipidemia (55.1%) than those without (50.7%). Rates of sleep-related problems as snoring, difficult to get into sleep, waking at night, waking early and taking sleeping pills were 30.1%, 18.8%, 24.6%, 20.1% and 3.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of high TC, high TG and high LDL-C were 7.5%, 23.5% and 6.6%, respectively among subjects with snoring and as, 5.7%, 15.5% and 4.9%, respectively among those without. The average level of TC of people easy to wake at night was 4.74 mmol/L, higher than that of those without (4.66 mmol/L). The prevalence of high TC among those waking at night was 7.5%, higher than that of those without (5.8%). After controlling potential confounding factors as age, sex, smoking, overweight and obesity, snoring was significantly positively correlated to the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C ( P<0.05) and presenting as risk factor for dyslipidemia, with OR=1.248 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Sleep-related problems appeared serious, with snoring and waking at night the main ones among adults in Beijing. Snoring was significantly positively correlated with the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C and served an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia.

Objective:To understand the status quo of sleep and its associations with serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among nondiabetic people of 18-79 years old in Beijing.Methods:Data was gathered from the 2017 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance Program. Multiple classified clusters sampling method was used while the 18-79 years old were sampled from the 16 districts of Beijing. Questionnaires would include information on demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and related risk factors, sleep duration and related problems (snore/asphyxia, difficult to get to sleep, waking often during the night, waking up early or taking sleeping pills) within the last 30 days. Complex sampling logistic regression models were established to analyze the association between sleep-related problems and serum HbA1c.Results:A total of 11 608 non-diabetic participants were involved in this study, with average age, reported sleep duration and median of serum HbA1c level as (43.36±15.27) years old, (7.49±1.29) h/d and 5.30%, respectively. 47.38% of them reported having sleep problems within the last 30 days. With the increasing time of sleep, serum HbA1c level was fluctuating significantly ( F=413.06, P<0.01). Significant differences appeared in serum HbA1c levels among different age groups ( t=358.3, P<0.01). Among participants with several kinds of sleep problems, the serum HbA1c levels were significantly higher than those without, through the single factor analysis ( U=15.11, P<0.01). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the combination of one sleep-related problem ( OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.41) and snore/asphyxia were associated with higher serum HbA1c levels (HbA1c≥5.7%) ( OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.16-1.61). People under 60 years of age were with higher risk of having higher serum HbA1c levels. Conclusion:Duration and sleep-related problems might affect the serum HbA1c levels, especially among those younger than 60 years of age.

Objective:To investigate the comprehensive control situation and related factors of diabetes mellitus.Methods:From August to December of 2017, 13 259 residents aged 18 to 79 years old were randomly selected as the subjects by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted. The effective sample size was 13 240. A total of 1 592 diabetes patients were found. In this study, 917 diabetes patients who had been diagnosed before the investigation were selected as subjects. The comprehensive control of diabetes patients was analyzed. The situation of diabetes patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity, coronary heart diseases was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis of complex sampling was used to analyze the related factors of diabetes comprehensive control.Results:The average age of 917 patients with diabetes was (58.5±0.7) years old. The proportion of people who participated in diabetes follow-up management was 29.0%. There were 89.5% diabetes patients with one or more chronic diseases. The comprehensive control rate of diabetes mellitus was 2.0%, men and women were 1.8% and 2.3%, respectively ( P>0.05). The rate of comprehensive control among those diabetes patients with chronic diseases was 0.4%, lower than that of those without chronic diseases (15.6%, P<0.05). The comprehensive control rate of people who participated in diabetes follow-up management was 1.4%. The control rate of blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid and weight of diabetes mellitus was 30.9%, 30.2%, 17.4% and 27.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis of complex sampling showed that excessive intake of red meat, with chronic diseases and qualified core knowledge were all related with comprehensive control of diabetes mellitus, OR value was 31.41, 39.98 and 0.29, P<0.05. Conclusion:The comprehensive control rate of diabetes mellitus was low. Excessive intake of red meat, with chronic diseases and qualified core knowledge were all related with comprehensive control of diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To investigate the comprehensive control situation and related factors of diabetes mellitus.Methods:From August to December of 2017, 13 259 residents aged 18 to 79 years old were randomly selected as the subjects by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted. The effective sample size was 13 240. A total of 1 592 diabetes patients were found. In this study, 917 diabetes patients who had been diagnosed before the investigation were selected as subjects. The comprehensive control of diabetes patients was analyzed. The situation of diabetes patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity, coronary heart diseases was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis of complex sampling was used to analyze the related factors of diabetes comprehensive control.Results:The average age of 917 patients with diabetes was (58.5±0.7) years old. The proportion of people who participated in diabetes follow-up management was 29.0%. There were 89.5% diabetes patients with one or more chronic diseases. The comprehensive control rate of diabetes mellitus was 2.0%, men and women were 1.8% and 2.3%, respectively ( P>0.05). The rate of comprehensive control among those diabetes patients with chronic diseases was 0.4%, lower than that of those without chronic diseases (15.6%, P<0.05). The comprehensive control rate of people who participated in diabetes follow-up management was 1.4%. The control rate of blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid and weight of diabetes mellitus was 30.9%, 30.2%, 17.4% and 27.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis of complex sampling showed that excessive intake of red meat, with chronic diseases and qualified core knowledge were all related with comprehensive control of diabetes mellitus, OR value was 31.41, 39.98 and 0.29, P<0.05. Conclusion:The comprehensive control rate of diabetes mellitus was low. Excessive intake of red meat, with chronic diseases and qualified core knowledge were all related with comprehensive control of diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To explore the effects of visual feedback training based on the mirror neuron theory in upper limb function reconstruction in stroke patients.Methods:From June 2017 to June 2018, totally 61 stroke patients hospitalized in the Rehabilitation Medical Center of the Second Hospital of Jiaxing were selected by convenient sampling and divided into the observation group ( n=31) and the control group ( n=30) according to the random number table. Patients in both groups received routine rehabilitation therapy, while patients in the observation group underwent visual feedback training on this basis. They were evaluated using Barthel Index , Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) (upper limb) , and the latency and amplitude of N9 and N20 were detected using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) before and 8 weeks after rehabilitation intervention. Results:After the intervention, the FMA score of the upper limbs in the observation group was (47.91±6.92) , higher than (40.31±7.87) in the control group, the Barthel Index of the observation group was (77.33±11.82) , higher than (66.79±12.31) in the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The SEP values of the upper limbs of the hemiplegia side in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The visual feedback training based on the mirror neuron theory can improve the upper limb motor function in stroke patients with early hemiplegia, improve their daily living activities, increase the N9 and N20 amplitudes of SEP, shorten their latency, and enhance the excitement of the upper limb movement related brain area in the mirror neuron system.