Objective: To analyze the correlation between preschool children s emotional competence and home rearing environment in Shangrao City, so as to provide support for improving children s emotional competence development as well as their home rearing environment. Methods: A total of 1 242 children aged 3-6 years old from 10 kindergartens in Shangrao City were retrospectively investigated by stratified cluster random sampling method in December 2022, and the Children s Emotional Adjustment Scale-Preschool Version (CEAS-P) and the Home Nurture Environment Scale for children aged 3-6 were surveyed on parents of preschool children. The t-test was used to test the difference, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of preschool children s emotional competence. Results: There were significant differences in emotional competence scores of preschool children for demographic indicators including age, place of residence, health status and whether they were only children ( F/t =5.98, 6.56, 38.00, 2.23, P <0.01). The emotional competence of preschool children was positively correlated with the home rearing environment ( r=0.62, P <0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that diverse activities/play participation, social adaptation/self management, and emotional warmth/self expression in home rearing environment were positive predictors of children s emotional ability ( β =0.30, 0.28, 0.16), while neglect/intervention/punishment were negative predictors ( β =-0.09)( P <0.05). Conclusions The home rearing environment is a factor related to young children s emotional competence. It is suggested specific parenting initiatives such as enriching family activities and play, strengthening children s self adaptation and management, giving warmth and let children express emotions, and preventing child neglect, interference and punishment should be conducted to improve children s emotional competence.

Periodontitis and periapical periodontitis have a high incidence rate and often result in the progressive ab-sorption of alveolar bone.This is one of the main causes of tooth loosening and loss.Prolonged local inflammation leads to the proliferation of capillaries,fibroblasts,and inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and lymphocytes.This process results in the replacement of surrounding bone tissue with inflammatory granulation tissue.Traditionally,it has been ad-vocated that inflammatory granulation tissue is pathological and should be completely removed from the extraction sock-et to avoid complications such as bleeding,infection,and poor bone healing after tooth extraction.Although the regener-ative capacity of inflammatory granulation tissue is reduced,it can be enhanced by increasing the body's immunity or by eliminating pathogenic stimuli(such as tooth extraction and root canal treatment).As a result,the fibrous components in the inflammatory granulation tissue gradually increase,while infiltrating inflammatory cells gradually decrease.Ulti-mately,this transformation leads to the formation of reparative granulation tissue,followed by ossification.Furthermore,the use of granulation tissue from the tooth extraction socket for immediate implantation to facilitate wound closure or soft tissue reconstruction has yielded favorable clinical outcomes,and histological studies simultaneously confirmed the presence of mesenchymal stem cells within the inflammatory granulation tissue.Therefore,it is necessary to reconsider the traditional belief that inflammatory granulation tissue must be completely removed.Given the potential of inflamma-tory granulation tissue to undergo osteogenic transformation under appropriate interventions,regulating the transforma-tion of inflammatory granulation tissue into reparative granulation tissue with osteogenic potential represents a novel strategy for the regenerative treatment of dental alveolar inflammatory lesions.This approach holds broad clinical appli-cation prospects and is an important research direction for the future.Reactive oxygen species,NOD-like receptor pro-tein 3,and matrix metalloproteinase K are key regulatory factors involved in the transformation of inflammatory granula-tion tissue into reparative granulation tissue.Furthermore,bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor are key regulatory factors involved in the osteogenic regeneration of reparative granulation tissue.Howev-er,the molecular mechanisms of these regulatory factors remain unclear;therefore,elucidating their molecular mecha-nisms will help identify suitable targets for promoting the regeneration of dental alveolar inflammatory lesions.Further-more,this will contribute to the development of related biological treatment technologies and drugs,which may ultimate-ly provide a more minimally invasive and effective treatment for inflammatory lesions of alveolar bone.However,it is im-portant to note that research in this field is still in its early stages.There is still considerable progress to be made before clinical translation and application can be achieved.

The irreversible destruction of periodontal tissue caused by periodontitis is the result of an imbalance be-tween external pathogenic factors and the internal immune response.As human immune cells,macrophages have both pro-and anti-inflammatory roles in the occurrence and development of periodontitis.Pathogenic bacteria,inflammatory cytokines,and neutrophils in the periodontal microenvironment can significantly affect the metabolism and functional status of macrophages,and the status of macrophages can regulate disease processes.By activating the NF-κB signaling pathway,the bacteria cause macrophages to undergo M1 proinflammatory polarization and pyroptosis,forming a microen-vironment that induces periodontal tissue destruction.With the development of the disease,numerous apoptotic neutro-phils are recognized and phagocytized by macrophages(i.e.efferocytosis),which can both inhibit the NF-κB pathway and activate the nuclear receptors PPAR and LXR,promoting the anti-inflammatory polarization of M2 and further en-hancing the efferocytosis activity of macrophages.As a result,these treatments can limit tissue inflammatory damage and promote tissue repair.In recent years,periodontitis treatment strategies focusing on macrophage regulation have re-ceived extensive attention,including gene knockout,nanoparticles,exosomes,miRNA,and polyunsaturated fatty acid di-ets.In this article,we review the specific role of macrophages in periodontitis from three aspects,including macrophage polarization,pyroptosis,and efferocytosis,which may improve our understanding of periodontitis and provide possible di-rections for periodontitis treatment strategies.

Rabies is a highly fatal zoonotic disease that is widely prevalent worldwide. Through large-scale immunization measures and other control strategies, rabies has been gradually brought under control. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for the elimination of canine-mediated human rabies by 2030. Detection of the rabies virus is not only crucial for diagnosing cases but also an essential tool for measuring progress in rabies elimination. This article provides an overview and review of research on rabies virus detection, covering antigen detection techniques, antibody detection techniques, nucleic acid detection techniques, and other detection method.

Rabies virus (RABV) belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family and the Lyssavirus genus is the main pathogen of rabies and is a single stranded RNA virus with an envelope. The RABV genome encodes five structural proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The N protein mainly plays an important role in the transcription and replication process of viruses, which is often used for diagnosis and virus identification; P protein can interact with some host protein partners, disrupt antiviral signaling pathways, and affect the pathogenicity of RABV; M protein plays an important role in regulating the balance between viral transcription and replication; as a target for inducing neutralizing antibodies, the trimeric structure analysis of G protein before fusion, the influence of fusion rings on successful trimerization and conformational stability, and the visualization of effective and widespread neutralizing antibody epitopes provide a basis for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines. The RdRp protein mainly catalyzes the transcription of viral RNA. In recent years, the analysis of the crystal structure of structural proteins, the discovery of related functional sites, and the interaction with small molecules have helped researchers better understand the pathogenicity of RABV, search for effective antiviral drug targets, and design broad-spectrum vaccines.

Objective:To study the effects of cathepsin K(CTSK)on the healing process of tooth extraction socket and type H blood vessel angiogenesis in mice.Methods:Ctsk knockout(Ctsk-/-)mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology,and genotype sequen-cing,general observation,Micro-CT and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm successful knockout of Ctsk.Then 8 week-old WT and Ctsk-/-mice were used to establish the tooth extraction modle by extracting the left maxillary first molars,and the mice were sac-rificed at the day 7,10,14,21,28 and 35 respectively(n=3)after tooth extraction.Then samples were subjected to stereo microscope and Micro-CT examination.Immunofluorescence staining was used to study the effect of Ctsk knockout on type H blood vessel angiogene-sis.Results:Ctsk knockout did not affect the soft tissue healing of tooth extraction socket,but significantly promoted the bone healing process,and Ctsk deficency significantly enhanced type H blood vessel angiogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.Conclusion:Ctsk knockout can enhance type H vessel angiogenesis,and promote bone healing process of tooth extraction socket in mice.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of arc-edge needle therapy based on Zaodian theory in the treatment of refractory tennis elbow.Methods 64 patients with refractory tennis elbow were collected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table method.Among them,32 cases in the control group were treated with local pain point injection.32 patients in the observation group were treated with arc-edge needle therapy once a week,with two treatments per group.The Number rating scale(NRS)Mayo,elbow joint performance score(MEPS)and Disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand(DASH)score were recorded and compared between the two groups before treatment and at 1,2,4 and 24 weeks of follow-up after treatment,disease efficacy score(WDES)at 24 weeks of follow-up.Results During the treat-ment process,neither group of patients experienced serious adverse reactions.At each stage after treatment,two groups of NRS MEPS,DASH,and WDES at 24 weeks of follow-up all improved compared to before treatment.After one week of treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in NRS scores between the two groups(P>0.05).At follow-up visits at weeks 2,4,and 24,the NRS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group.After 1,2,4,and 24 weeks of follow-up after treatment,the DASH score was lower in the observation group than in the control group,and the MEPS score was higher in the observation group than in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After 24 weeks of treatment,the WDES of the observation group was better than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Local pain point injection and arc-edge Zaodian release can alleviate pain and improve elbow joint function in the early stage of refractory tennis elbow.However,the long-term effect of local pain point injection treatment is not good,and the treatment effect of the observation group gradually improves.

Objective To assess the feasibility of utilizing the ExacTracDynamic surface monitoring system(ETD)for setup and body surface monitoring in patients with thoracic tumors undergoing intensity-modulated radio-therapy(IMRT).Methods Patients receiving IMRT for thoracic tumors were included in this study.The enrolled patients were alternatively assigned to either conventional cross curve positioning(control group)or surface monitoring system-assisted positioning(experimental group).ETD X-ray images were utilized for calibration purposes prior to radiotherapy,enabling the determination of setup errors.A region of interest(ROI)was delineated on the body surface above the sternum,and real-time body surface monitoring was performed based on this ROI during radiotherapy.Post-radiotherapy X-ray images were obtained to verify patient position.Data regarding left-right(X),head-foot(Y),abdomen-back(Z),pitch,roll,and yaw directions were recorded and analyzed.Results A total of 60 patients were enrolled,with 754 fractions of radiotherapy in the control group and 718 fractions in the experimental group.The setup errors in the X and Z directions were significantly smaller in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,there was a significant reduction in the number of setup errors≤0.50 cm for X,Y,and Z directions,as well as≤1.00° for Roll angle in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,differences were observed between surface monitoring and X-ray image verification regarding position deviation along Y and Z directions(P<0.05),although these deviations remained within submillimeter levels on average.Conclusion Surface monitoring system-assisted positioning can enhance radiotherapy setup accuracy among thoracic tumor patients,particularly along X and Z directions.Furthermore,when setting ROI above sternum on body surface area,surface monitoring provides better reflection of target area's position deviation.

Objective:To explore the effects of depressive symptoms on sleep quality in adolescents with depressive disorder, and the mediating roles of cognitive fusion and sleep belief.Methods:A sample of 210 adolescents with first episode depressive disorder aged 12-18 years were recruited to complete 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale (DBAS-16) from November 2021 to July 2022. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform descriptive analysis and correlation analysis. The mediating effect was tested by Bootstrap analysis using PROCESS V 3.4 Macro program.Results:The incidence of low sleep quality in adolescents with depressive disorder was 69.0%(145/210). HAMD-17 score was (22.4±7.9), PSQI score was (9.7±3.7), CFQ score was (51.6±7.8), DBAS-16 score was (43.5±8.4).PSQI was positively correlated with the scores of HAMD-17 and CFQ( r=0.613, 0.463, both P<0.001).HAMD-17 was positively correlated with CFQ score ( r=0.488, P<0.001).DBAS-16 was negatively correlated with scores of PSQI, HAMD-17 and CFQ( r=-0.326, -0.284, -0.354, all P<0.001). The direct effect of depression on sleep quality was 0.230(95% CI=0.169-0.293). The indirect effect of depression on sleep quality through two pathways, the separate mediating effect value of cognitive fusion was 0.041 (95% CI=0.011-0.074), and the chain mediating effect value of cognitive fusion and sleep beliefs was 0.008(95% CI=0.001-0.020). Conclusion:Depressive symptoms can directly affect sleep quality of depressive disorder adolescents and indirectly through cognitive fusion and sleep beliefs.

Objective:To compare the differences in the safety, efficacy and protective effects of rabies vaccine using the current pre-exposure prophylaxis schedule in China (0-7-21 or 28) and the newly recommended immunization program of WHO (0-7), aiming to provide data support for modifying the related content of Technical Guideline for Human Rabies Prevention and Control. Methods:The mice were randomly divided into five groups, namely 0-7-21 group (3-injection regimen), 0-7 group (2-injection regimen), 0-14 group, 0-21 group and control group, according to the current 3-injection regimen (0-7-21) in China and the 2-injection regimen (0-7) recommended by WHO. The survival status of the mice was observed. The mice were weighed every five days to compare the safety of different immunization procedures. Rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) were detected 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d after the initial immunization. On day 35, the mice in each group were challenged with lethal dose of CVS-11 rabies virus to evaluate the protective effects of different pre-exposure immunization procedures.Results:There was no significant difference in weight gain of mice after vaccination. The positive rate of RVNA was 100% in all immunized groups from day 14, which could provide complete protection to mice. There was a significant difference in RVNA levels between 0-7-21 and 0-7 groups at 35 d( P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference at other time points ( P>0.05). RVNA level had a significant difference between 0-7 and 0-21 groups at 21 d and 35 d ( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in RVNA level between other groups at each time point ( P>0.05). In the protective test, the survival rates of mice in all immune groups were 100%. Conclusions:The current 3-injection pre-exposure immunization procedure for rabies vaccine (0-7-21) and the newly recommended 2-injection immunization procedure (0-7) had similar efficacy and protective effects in animal tests. In view of the cost saving and better compliance of the 2-injection immunization procedure, it was recommended that relevant departments should conduct clinical trials as soon as possible to promote the implementation of this program.