Objective:This paper analyzed the current situation and issues of ethical supervision of science and technology projects supported by central financial funds and proposed countermeasures to improve project management.Methods:Considering the practical management experience of a key special project during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, this article investigated ethical supervision issues in various stages including guideline preparation, review and approval, process management, and final acceptance, and proposed four levels of review for ethical oversight according to the characteristics of the research projects and the degree of ethical risks involved.Results:Firstly, lower-risk projects should still be reviewed by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and the project implementation unit should primarily assume responsibility for ethical supervision and follow-up on the review. Second, in addition to the review by the Institutional Ethics Committee, the Project Management Institution should strengthen ethical supervision and take risk control measures at different nodes for sensitive projects and higher ethical risk projects. Third, projects with large ethical controversies and high-risk projects should be reviewed by the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee and a public participation discussion mechanism for major ethical issues should be established. Finally, it is suggested to conduct prospective ethical studies for cutting-edge new technologies and new fields.Conclusions:In the process of managing science and technology program projects, strengthening ethical oversight in the management of science and technology projects should both standardize relevant scientific and technological research activities and not impede the growth of scientific and technological innovation. In view of the differences in ethical risks that may be involved in different projects, hierarchical examination, and supervision measures should be taken to effectively guarantee the smooth implementation of science and technology planning projects.

ObjectiveThe internal transcribed spacer （ITS） 2 region of ribosomal gene， a DNA barcode， was employed to identify 12 medicinal Aconitum species and the genetic relationship among the species was analyzed. MethodA total of 30 samples of the 12 species were collected. The DNA was extracted with spin column plant genomic DNA kit and the universal primers of ITS2 sequence were used for polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification， followed by electrophoresis detection and bi-directional sequencing. The yielded sequences were aligned and spliced by CodonCode Aligner 17.0 and sequence variation was analyzed by MEGA 7.0. The secondary structure was predicted by ITS2 Database and the neighbor-joining （NJ） method was applied to generate the phylogenetic tree. ResultThe ITS2 sequences of the 12 species were 220-221 bp， with the average guanine and cytosine （GC） content of 64.09%， 140 variable sites， 137 informative sites， and 81 conservative sites. The intraspecific genetic distance （K2P） was smaller than the interspecific genetic distance. According to the secondary structures of ITS2 sequences and NJ cluster analysis， A. scaposum， A. sinomontanum， and A. barbatum had close genetic relationship， while the rest nine showed close kinship， particularly A. soongaricum and A. yinschanicum. ConclusionITS2 sequence is of great value for the molecular identification and genetic relationship determination of Aconitum， which provides a new method for the study of ethnomedicine.

Cervical esophageal carcinoma is rare, the lack of early clinical manifestations, early diagnosis is difficult, easily missed or misdiagnosed, especially at present for the method of repairing defect of cervical esophagus cancer after operation. In many mainstream, the repair methods with free jejunum, gastric pull up, and anterolateral thigh flap freeforearm flap. We used the platysma skin flap to repair of cervical esophagus defect which is worthy of reference,report as follows now.
Carcinoma ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagoplasty ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Neck ; Skin

Pyogenic granuloma also known as granulomatous type capillary hemangioma, telangiectatic granuloma, lobular capillary hemangioma, is not really a tumor, its nature is still controversial. A rare clinical entity. I Division in treating facial pyogenic granuloma in 1 cases, the report is as follows.
Aged ; Facial Dermatoses ; surgery ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

One case of lipoma was reported in retropharyngeal space. Oropharyngeal CT showed: tumor's size was 59.2 mm x 28.4 mm, the boundary was clear, and the surrounding tissue was pressed obviously. Retropharyngeal space lies between posterior wall of the pharynx and prevertebral space, and contains fat and lymphoid tissue. Retropharyngeal space tumor often showed no clinical symptoms early. Tumor could show airway obstruction when growing up. Surgical operation is the only treatment method.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma ; pathology ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology

Angiofibroma ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Polyps ; diagnosis

Objective:To study the expression and significance of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in nasal polyps.Method:Expression of TGF-β1 in nasal polyps from 34 patients and middle turbinates from 30 patients with deviation of nasal septum were prospectively studied with immunohistochemistry.Each tissue section was observed under optical microscope.Result:①The TGF-β1 positivity in extracellular matrix and in cells in the stroma was significantly higher in nasal polyps than in middle turbinates (P＜0.01).②The distribution and shape of TGF-β1 expressing cells in nasal polyps was similar to that of eosinophil,their positivities were significantly correlative (P＜0.05).③The positivity of TGF-β1 did not correlate with clinical type of nasal polyps (P＞0.05),eosinophil infiltration correlated significantly with clinical type of nasal polyps(P＜0.05).Conclusion:①The TGF-β1 may contribute to some of the pathologic changes observed in nasal polyps,such as thickening of the epithelial basement membrane and stromal fibrosis.②Eosinophils in nasal polyps represent a major source of TGF-β1.③Eosinophils infiltration may play a prominent role in the development and recurrence of nasal polyps.