OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application experience and clinical effect of radial artery in total arterial coronary revascularization (TAR) in elderly patients. METHODS: Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients who underwent TAR at the University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital from July 1, 2020 to May 30, 2022. Patients were divided into ≥ 65-year-old group and < 65-year-old group according to age. The radial artery blood flow, diameter, intimal integrity and Allen test were evaluated by ultrasound before operation. The distal ends of radial artery were collected for pathological examination during operation. Coronary artery CT angiography (CTA) was examined postoperatively and follow up. The safety and reliability of ultrasonic assessment of radial artery and application of radial artery in elderly patients with TAR were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients received TAR, including 35 cases aged ≥ 65 years old, 66 cases aged < 65 years old; 78 cases used bilateral radial arteries, and 23 cases used unilateral radial arteries. 4 cases of bilateral internal mammary arteries. All the proximal ends of the radial artery were anastomosed to the proximal end of the ascending aorta, 34 cases were performed of "Y" grafts, and 4 cases were sequential anastomoses. There was no in-hospital death and perioperative cardiovascular events. Perioperative cerebral infarction occurred in 3 patients. 1 patients was reoperated for bleeding. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assistance was used in 21 patients. Poor wound healing occurred in 2 cases and healed well after debridement. Follow-up of 2 to 20 months after discharge showed no internal mammary artery occlusion and 4 radial artery occlusions; no major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) occurred, and the survival rate was 100%. There was no significant difference in the above perioperative complications and follow-up endpoints between the two age groups. CONCLUSIONS By adjusting the order of bypass anastomosis and optimizing the preoperative evaluation method, radial artery combined with internal mammary artery can obtain better outcome early in TAR, and can be safely and reliably applied to elderly patients.
Aged ; Humans ; Radial Artery/transplantation* ; Coronary Vessels ; Coronary Artery Bypass/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Treatment Outcome

Complex coronary heart disease (CHD) has become a hot spot in medicine due to its complex coronary anatomy, variable clinical factors, difficult hemodynamic reconstruction, and limited effect of conservative drug treatment. Identifying complex CHD and selecting optimal treatment methods have become more scientific as revascularization technology has improved, and coronary risk stratification scores have been introduced. SYNTAX and its derivative scores are decision-making tools that quantitatively describe the characteristics of coronary lesions in patients based on their complexity and severity. The SYNTAX and its derivative scores could assist clinicians in rationalizing the selection of hemodynamic reconstruction treatment strategies, and have demon-strated outstanding value in evaluating the prognosis of patients with complex CHD undergoing revascularization treatment. The authors in this article summary the practical application of SYNTAX and its derivative scores in complex CHD in order to deepen the understanding of the relationship between the choice of different revascularization strategies and SYNTAX and its derived scores in complex CHD and provide a further reference for clinical treatment of complex CHD.
Humans ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery* ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods* ; Coronary Angiography ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: There are few reports of peri-operative application of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and different grades of left ventricular dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze the early outcomes of peri-operative application of IABP in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among patients with CAD and left ventricular dysfunction, and to provide a clinical basis for the peri-operative use of IABP. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 612 patients who received CABG in the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army between May 1995 and June 2014. Patients were assigned to an IABP or non-IABP group according to their treatments. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the influence of peri-operative IABP implantation on in-hospital mortality. Further subgroup analysis was performed on patients with severe (ejection fraction [EF] ≤ 35%) and mild (EF = 36%-50%) left ventricular dysfunction. RESULTS: Out of 612 included subjects, 78 belonged to the IABP group (12.7%) and 534 to the non-IABP group. Pre-operative left ventricular EF (LVEF) and EuroSCOREII predicted mortality was higher in the IABP group compared with the non-IABP group (P < 0.001 in both cases), yet the two did not differ significantly in terms of post-operative in-hospital mortality (P = 0.833). Regression analysis showed that IABP implantation, recent myocardial infarction, critical status, non-elective operation, and post-operative ventricular fibrillation were risk factors affecting in-hospital mortality (P < 0.01 in all cases). Peri-operative IABP implantation was a protective factor against in-hospital mortality (P = 0.0010). In both the severe and mild left ventricular dysfunction subgroups, peri-operative IABP implantation also exerted a protective role against mortality (P = 0.0303 and P = 0.0101, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Peri-operative IABP implantation could reduce the in-hospital mortality and improve the surgical outcomes of patients with CAD with both severe and mild left ventricular dysfunction.
Aged ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; mortality ; surgery ; therapy ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; mortality ; surgery ; therapy ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology

Background: Secondary preventive therapies play a key role in the prevention of adverse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, medication adherence after CABG is often poor, and conventional interventions for improving adherence have limited success. With increasing penetration of smartphones, health-related smartphone applications might provide an opportunity to improve adherence. Carefully designed trials are needed to provide reliable evidence for the use of these applications in patients after CABG. Methods: The Measurement and Improvement Studies of Surgical Coronary Revascularization: Medication Adherence (MISSION-2) study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial, aiming to randomize 1000 CABG patients to the intervention or control groups in a 1:1 ratio. We developed the multifaceted, patient-centered, smartphone-based Heart Health Application to encourage medication adherence in the intervention group through a health self-management program initiated during hospital admission for CABG. The application integrated daily scheduled reminders to take the discharge medications, cardiac educational materials, a dynamic dashboard to review cardiovascular risk factors and secondary prevention targets, and weekly questionnaires with interactive feedback. The primary outcome was secondary preventive medication adherence measured by the Chinese version of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale at 6 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death, cardiovascular rehospitalization, and a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization. Discussion: Findings will not only provide evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of the described intervention for improving adherence to CABG secondary preventive therapies but also explore a model for outpatient health self-management that could be translated to various chronic diseases and widely disseminated across resource-limited settings. Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02432469).
Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Myocardial Infarction ; prevention & control ; Secondary Prevention ; methods ; Smartphone ; Stroke ; prevention & control

BACKGROUNDThe optimal timing of surgical revascularization for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and impaired left ventricular function is not well established. This study aimed to examine the timing of surgical revascularization after STEMI in patients with ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) by comparing early and late results.

METHODSFrom January 2003 to December 2013, there were 2276 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in our institution. Two hundred and sixty-four (223 male, 41 females) patients with a history of STEMI and LVD were divided into early revascularization (ER, <3 weeks), mid-term revascularization (MR, 3 weeks to 3 months), and late revascularization (LR, >3 months) groups according to the time interval from STEMI to CABG. Mortality and complication rates were compared among the groups by Fisher's exact test. Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of the time interval of surgery on long-term survival.

RESULTSNo significant differences in 30-day mortality, long-term survival, freedom from all-cause death, and rehospitalization for heart failure existed among the groups (P > 0.05). More patients in the ER group (12.90%) had low cardiac output syndrome than those in the MR (2.89%) and LR (3.05%) groups (P = 0.035). The mean follow-up times were 46.72 ± 30.65, 48.70 ± 32.74, and 43.75 ± 32.43 months, respectively (P = 0.716). Cox regression analyses showed a severe preoperative condition (odds ratio = 7.13, 95% confidence interval 2.05-24.74, P = 0.002) rather than the time interval of CABG (P > 0.05) after myocardial infarction was a risk factor of long-term survival.

CONCLUSIONSSurgical revascularization for patients with STEMI and LVD can be performed at different times after STEMI with comparable operative mortality and long-term survival. However, ER (<3 weeks) has a higher incidence of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. A severe preoperative condition rather than the time interval of CABG after STEMI is a risk factor of long-term survival.

Aged ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; mortality ; surgery ; Myocardial Ischemia ; mortality ; surgery ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; mortality ; surgery

Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mammary Arteries ; physiology ; transplantation ; Middle Aged ; Pulsatile Flow ; Radial Artery ; physiology ; transplantation ; Rheology ; Saphenous Vein ; physiology ; transplantation ; Shear Strength ; Stress, Mechanical ; Vascular Patency ; physiology

Aged ; Balloon Valvuloplasty ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; surgery

BACKGROUNDPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients. However, very few studies have compared the outcomes between TRA and TFA specifically in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).

METHODSA total of 404 post-CABG patients who had undergone angiography or PCI were included in the study. The primary endpoint was defined as angiographic success and procedure success. The secondary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACEs), which included all cause of death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, repeat revascularization, and major bleeding. Patients were followed-up for 1-year. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which included death, MI, and repeat revascularization, at 1-year follow-up were also compared.

RESULTSThe angiographic success was reached by 97.4% in the TRA group compared with 100% in the TFA group (P = 0.02). The procedure success was achieved in 99.1% in the TRA group and 97.9% in the TFA group (P = 0.68). The incidence rates of in-hospital NACE (2.7% vs. 2.7%, P = 1.00) and 1-year MACE (11.5% vs. 12.0%, P = 0.88) were similar between TRA and TFA. Meanwhile, TRA was associated with a lower rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥2 bleeding (P = 0.02). In patients undergoing graft PCI, the procedure success was similar between TRA and TFA (100.0% vs. 98.7%, P = 1.00). The procedure time (25.0 min vs. 27.5 min, P = 0.53) was also similar. No significant difference was detected between TRA and TFA in terms of in-hospital NACE (0 vs. 0, P = 1.00) and 1-year MACE (21.4% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.19).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with TFA, TRA had lower angiographic success but had a similar procedure success in post-CABG patients. TRA was also associated with decreased bleeding and shortened hospital stay.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis

PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that technological innovations and reimbursement schemes of the National Health Insurance Service may have impacted the management of coronary artery disease. Thus, we investigated changes in the practice patterns of coronary revascularization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Revascularization and in-hospital mortality among Koreans > or =20 years old were identified from medical claims filed between 2006 and 2010. The age- and sex-standardized procedure rate per 100000 person-years was calculated directly from the distribution of the 2008 Korean population. RESULTS: The coronary revascularization rate increased from 116.1 (95% confidence interval, 114.9-117.2) in 2006 to 131.0 (129.9-132.1) in 2010. Compared to the rate ratios in 2006, the rate ratios for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in 2010 were 1.16 (1.15-1.17) and 0.80 (0.76-0.84), respectively. Among patients who received PCI, the percentage with drug-eluting stents increased from 89.1% in 2006 to 93.0% in 2010. In-hospital mortality rates from PCI significantly increased during the study period (p=0.03), whereas those from CABG significantly decreased (p=0.01). The in-hospital mortality rates for PCI and CABG were higher in elderly and female patients and at the lowest-volume hospitals. CONCLUSION: The annual volume of coronary revascularization continuously increased between 2006 and 2010 in Korea, although this trend differed according to procedure type. A high percentage of drug-eluting stent procedures and a high rate of in-hospital mortality at low-volume hospitals were noted.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Artery Bypass/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Coronary Artery Disease/*surgery ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Revascularization/*methods/*trends ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology

BACKGROUNDIt is still a challenge for the cardiac surgeons to achieve adequate revascularization for diffused coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary endarterectomy (CE) offers an alternative choice of coronary artery reconstruction and revascularization. In this study, short-term result of CE combined with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was discussed in the treatment for the diffused CAD.

METHODSFrom January 2012 to April 2014, 221 cases of CABG were performed by the same surgeon in our unit. Among these cases, 38 cases of CE + CABG were performed, which was about 17.2% (38/221) of the cohort. All these patients were divided into two groups: CE + CABG group (Group A) and CABG alone group (Group B). All clinical data were compared between the two groups, and postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. The categorical and continuous variables were analyzed by Chi-square test and Student's t-test respectively.

RESULTSDiabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral vascular disease were more common in group A. In this cohort, a total of 50 vessels were endarterectomized. Among them, CE was performed on left anterior descending artery in 11 cases, on right coronary artery in 29 cases, on diagonal artery in 3 cases, on intermediate artery in 2 cases, on obtuse marginal artery in 5 cases. There was no hospital mortality in both groups. The intro-aortic balloon pump was required in 3 cases in Group A (3/38), which was more often than that in Group B (3/183). At the time of follow-up, coronary computed tomography angiogram showed all the grafts with CE were patent (50/50). There is no cardio-related mortality in both groups. All these patients were free from coronary re-intervention.

CONCLUSIONSCoronary endarterectomy + CABG can offer satisfactory result for patients with diffused CAD in a short-term after the operation.

Aged ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Endarterectomy ; methods ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome