Objective:To establish the quality standard for Bidouyan granule .Methods: Scutellariae radix and Magnoloae flos were identified by TLC.The content of baicalin was determined by HPLC with a Kromasi 1 C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-phosphoric acid (45:55:0.2) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml· min-1, and the injection volume was 10μl.The detection wavelength was 280 nm and the column temperature was 30℃.Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference.The linear range of baicalin was 10.06 μg· ml-1-100.60 μg· ml-1 (r =1.0000).The average recovery was 96.3％,and RSD was 0.7％(n=6).Conclusion:The method is simple and specific with good repeatability , which can be used for the quality control of Bidouyan granule .

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of emodin (EM) in renal interstitial fibrosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice.Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,including sham operation group (n=8),UUO operation group (n=8),UUO operation+losartan (LST) group (n=8) and UUO operation+EM group (n=8).The mice in each group were ingested the suspensions by gavage for 14 days after surgery.Mice in UUO+LST and UUO+ EM groups were given 10 mg· kg-1· d-1 LST and 20 mg· kg-1 · d-1 EM,respectively.LST and EM were mixed with 0.5％ sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.Mice in sham group and UUO group were given 0.5％ sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.The mice were sacrificed at the 14th day.Interstitial fibrosis was observed by HE,Masson and PAS stain.Real-time PCR was used to detect LC3,Beclin-1 and mTOR mRNA.Protein expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA,E-cadherin,LC3,Beclin-1,PI3K,p-Akt and mTOR were detected by Western blotting.The autophagy was observed with transmission electron microscopy in the renal tissue.Results Compared with sham mice,UUO mice at the 14th day displayed obvious renal fibrosis.Meanwhile,UUO mice had increased expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA (all P ＜ 0.01),and decreased expressions of E-cadherin (P ＜ 0.01).Their renal expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and mTOR were also raised (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with those in UUO group,in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group,expressions of autophagy protein LC3 and Beclin-1 were increased (all P ＜ 0.01),and the number of autophagic was increased.Additionally,expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA were reduced in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group (all P ＜ 0.01),while the expression of E-cadherin was increased by emodin treatment (P＜ 0.05).And expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and mTOR were decreased in UUO + LST group and UUO + EM group (all P ＜ 0.05),meanwhile renal tissue fibrosis significantly reduced.Conclusions Emodin can promote autophagy,ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis and protect renal function through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

The whole process of consultation practice of clinical pharmacist for one case of pseudomonas aeruginosa intracranial in-fection was introduced and the role of clinical pharmacist in the anti-infective treatment was discussed. The three consultation recom-mendations of clinical pharmacist were accepted by doctors,and the patient's intracranial infection was effectively controlled and the pa-tient discharged soon. Pharmacists can help doctors develop anti-infective drug program through pharmacy thinking,horizontal thinking and risk thinking to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of patients' medication.

Objective:To observe and analyze the application effect and value of problem based learning (PBL) combined with team-based learning(TBL) in the teaching of New Drug Clinical Research. Methods:Postgraduate students were randomly divided in-to two groups(n=20):"PBL+ TBL" group and lecture based learning(LBL) group. After the end of the teaching,the teaching ef-fectiveness survey and theory test of the groups were performed,and the results were compared. Results:The combined teaching meth-od (PBL+TBL) could stimulate learning enthusiasm, improve learning efficiency, and enhance the abilities of self-study, literature retrieval and analyzing and solving problems. Totally 90% of students thought the new teaching method had good application value in clinical teaching. Furthermore,the excellent rate of the theory test scores in the combined teaching group was better than that in the traditional teaching group (P<0.05). Conclusion: PBL combined with TBL can overcome the disadvantages of traditional teaching method,which provides higher interest,improved ability of self-study as well as higher teaching quality of medical students. The meth-od is worthy of promotion in postgraduate teaching.

Molecular docking is one of the main methods for computer-aided drug design (CADD). In recent years, molecular doc-king is widely used and has made some progress in the screening of pharmacodynamic substance, the target of finding drugs for diseases, and the mechanism exploration for traditional Chinese medicine. In this review, the principle and mechanism of molecular docking, and some commonly used software were introduced. And the application of molecular docking technology was summarized in the studies on the screening and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. Finally, the existing problems were discussed, and the fu-ture trend in this field was looked ahead. The study can provide more scientific basis for the clinical research and development of new drugs.

Objective: To establish the quality standard for Fuzheng capsules. Methods: TLC was adopted to identify Astragali Radix and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The method validation for Fuzheng capsules was conducted by microbial limit test as described in the appendixes of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2015 edition). The content of epimedii in Epimedium brevicornu was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent TC-C18(2) (250 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column. The mobile phase consis-ted of acetonitrile-water( 30: 70) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1,and the injection volume was 5 μl. The detec-tion wavelength was 270 nm. Results: The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The methods of plating and direct inocu-lation could be used for the microbial limit test. The linear range was 0.101-1.008 μg (r =0.999 7). The average recovery was 99. 36% with the RSD of 0. 81% (n=6). Conclusion: The method is simple with high specificity and good repeatability, which can be used as the quality control method for Fuzheng capsules.

Objective:By observing the process of informed consent in clinical trials of one top three hospital, to disclose the non - standard phenomenon existingin the process of informed consent in clinical trials, and put for-ward that there should be special protection mechanism for vulnerable groups to participate in clinical trials. Meth-ods:Combined with the actual situation of one top three hospital, we comprehensively analyzed the problems exist-ing in the process of informed consent of clinical trials in our center, put forward strict solutions, and also formula-ted strict standards for the informed consent process of vulnerable groups. Results:Through the strict requirements of the informed consent process of vulnerable groups, the test process of vulnerable groups participating in the clini-cal trial was standardized; meanwhile the vulnerable groups were given special protection. Conclusion:Informed consent is an important guarantee that protects vulnerable groups to participate in clinical trials.

Carrying out clinical trial contract audit can audit the authenticity,legality and effectiveness of the contract and timely avoid the potential risks,clarify the responsibilities,rights and obligations of all parties participating in the clinical trials and clear the responsibility of each party in protecting the subjects,guarantee that the contracts include contents of subject protection and put them into practice.From the perspectives of establishing relevant documents,defining the main implementer,making the process,and confirming the core elements,this paper introduced how Xijing Hospital standardized clinical trial contract audit and expounded its significance in promoting the protection of subjects.

Objective:To observe the effect of intrathecal administration of 8-O-acetyl-SM(8-OaS) on chronic neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting the expression of protein kinase B(AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway in spinal dorsal horn after spinal nerve ligation.Methods:The rat model of neuropathic pain was established by lumbar 5 spinal nerve ligation(SNL), and Von Frey filament was used to investigate the mechanical allodynia. Immunofluorescent histochemistry was adopted to investigate the distribution of pAKT and pmTOR in spinal dorsal horn. The protein levels of pAKT and pmTOR in spinal dorsal horn after drug ad-ministration were quantitatively determined by Western blot. Results: Compared with that in the sham group, the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the intrathecal administration of 8-OaS attenuated mechanical allodynia ob-viously during the first day and the seventh day after the operation(P<0.05). Meanwhile,double immunofluorescent staining showed the co-expression of pAKT and astrocytes marker glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and positive labeling of pmTOR was expressed in spinal astrocytes and neurons. The results of Western blot revealed that the protein levels of pAKT and pmTOR in spinal dorsal horn were significantly reduced after the treatment of 8-OaS. Conclusion:Intrathecal administration of 8-OaS attenuates the PWT of SNL-in-duced chronic neuropathic pain. The underlying mechanism of the potential anti-allodynia effect of 8-OaS may be related to the suppres-sion of spinal astrocytes via decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT-mTOR signaling pathway resulting in attenuating the development of neuropathic pain.

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Jinhuanglian oral liquid. Methods:The three herbs in the preparation, Honeysuckle, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgir and St John's Wort, were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Promosil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 4% phosphoric acid (10 :90) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min -1 , and the injection volume was 10μl. The detection wavelength was 327 nm. Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 5.325-170.400 μg·ml-1(r=0.9998). The average recovery was 97. 95% and the RSD was 2. 04%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is reliable and easy to operate,which can be used as the quality control method for Jinhuanglian oral liquid.