Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with non-vaIvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and explore the effect of T2DM on survival status of patients with NVAF.Methods A total of 646 patients with NVAF in Tianjin Chest Hospital from January 2014 to September 2015 were enrolled in the study,and were divided into T2DM group (n=110) and non-T2DM group (n=536) according to whether these patients were complicated with T2DM.The clinical data,incidence rates of cerebral infarction and cardiovascular death after 1-year follow-up were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors for cerebral infarction and cardiovascular death within 1 year.Results The age,body mass index,incidence rates of hypertension,coronary heart disease,transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke,and hyperlipidemia,and application rates of aspirin,statins in the T2DM group were higher than those in the non-T2DM group,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).After 1-year follow-up,the incidence rate of cardiovascular death in the T2DM group was 14.5 ％ which was significantly higher than 5.1％ in the nonT2DM group (P＜0.05).The incidence rate of cerebral infarction within 1 year in the T2DM group and non-T2DM group were 12.7 ％ and 6.4％,respectively.There was no significant difference in the incidence rate between the two groups (P＞0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age,TIA or stroke history and T2DM were the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction (P＜0.05).Age,heart failure and T2DM were the independent risk factors for cardiovascular death,and ACEI/ARB was an independent protective factor (P＜0.05).Conclusion T2DM could increase the risk for cerebral infarction and cardiovascular death in patients with NVAF.