With the development of neonatal intensive care, both the live birth rate and survival rate of preterm infants, especially in extremely preterm infants, have escalated. However, the long-term adverse prognosis of preterm infants became increasingly conspicuous. In the field of kidney disease, the existing clinical data have substantiated a higher susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development during childhood or adulthood in preterm and low-birth-weight infants when compared with full-term infants. This suggests that preterm and/or low birth weight increases the risk for long-term CKD. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to long-term CKD associated with preterm and/or low birth weight and the mechanism involved in this process is unknown. Current studies have suggested that reduced nephron and podocyte depletion are involved in this process, but detailed molecular mechanism remains inadequate. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of long-term CKD correlated with preterm and/or low birth weight.

Objective:To carry out genetic analysis on two families with carriers of small terminal translocations using karyotyping analysis and genomic copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq).Methods:Two couples undergoing prenatal diagnosis at the Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology respectively on April 12, 2020 and December 17, 2021 were selected as the study subjects. With informed consent, amniotic fluid and peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to conventional karyotyping and CNV-seq analysis for the detection of chromosomal microdeletion/duplications.Results:Both couples had given births to children with chromosomal aberrations previously, and both fetuses were found to have abnormal karyotypes. CNV-seq showed that they had harbored microdeletion/duplications, and their mothers had both carried balanced translocations involving terminal fragments of chromosomes.Conclusion:For fetuses with small chromosomal segmental abnormalities, their parental origin should be traced, and the diagnosis should be confirmed with combined genetic techniques.

Placental diseases may affect the outcome of pregnancy and long-term health of the mother and fetus. Fetal fraction is a key indicator for the success of non-invasive prenatal testing, and has been associated with gestational age, body mass index and fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. Many studies have found that fetal fraction is also related to placenta-derived diseases and may become a new predictor for such diseases. This article has summarized the association between the two, with an aim to provide new ideas for the prediction of placental diseases.

Fat emulsion is a drug commonly used clinically for parenteral nutrition support in critically ill patients.With the development of the pharmaceutical industry, fat emulsion has formed a variety of different formulations, among which different types of fat emulsion have their own metabolic and body energy supply characteristics, and the application indications are also different. In addition to providing the supply of nutrients, the role of fat emulsion in anti-toxicity, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other aspects has gradually been discovered. This article reviews the existing evidence-based medical evidence and expounds the mechanism and therapeutic role of fat emulsion in the treatment of critically ill patients with poisoning. Its value in the treatment of critically ill patients with poisoning was discussed, and some references were provided for the application of non-nutritional functions of fat emulsion in the future.

Fat emulsion is a drug commonly used clinically for parenteral nutrition support in critically ill patients.With the development of the pharmaceutical industry, fat emulsion has formed a variety of different formulations, among which different types of fat emulsion have their own metabolic and body energy supply characteristics, and the application indications are also different. In addition to providing the supply of nutrients, the role of fat emulsion in anti-toxicity, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other aspects has gradually been discovered. This article reviews the existing evidence-based medical evidence and expounds the mechanism and therapeutic role of fat emulsion in the treatment of critically ill patients with poisoning. Its value in the treatment of critically ill patients with poisoning was discussed, and some references were provided for the application of non-nutritional functions of fat emulsion in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the learning and memory function of offspring rats exposed to sevoflurane in late-pregnancy.Methods:Thirty-two SPF healthy Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats at gestational day 18, weighing 260-280 g, were assigned to 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), sevoflurane group (Sev group), EA group and sham EA group (SEA group). Sev, SEA and EA groups inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane in 50% oxygen for 6 h. In EA group, Shenting, Baihui, bilateral Quchi, and bilateral Zusanli points were stimulated with an electric stimulator (disperse-dense waves, frequency 2/6 Hz, intensity 1 mA, 20 min per day for 7 consecutive days) starting on postnatal day 21, EA was performed again for 7 days after an interval of 1 day, and the EA treatment lasted for a total of 14 days. Moriss water maze test was performed at 36 days of age to detect the spatial learning and memory function. The offspring rats were sacrificed on postnatal day 42, and the hippocampal tissues were removed for calculation of the dendritic spine density of neurons (after Golgi staining) and for determination of the apoptosis rate (using flow cytometry) and the expression of the two primary forms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), mature (mBDNF) and pro (proBDNF), mBDNF/proBDNF ratio, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) (by Western blot). The mBDNF/proBDNF ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with C group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was shortened, the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced, the dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons and mBDNF/proBDNF ratio were decreased, the expression of TrkB was down-regulated, and the expression of p75NTR was up-regulated in Sev groups ( P<0.05). Compared with the offspring rats of Sev and SEA groups, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was prolonged, the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased, the dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons and mBDNF/proBDNF ratio were increased, the expression of TrkB was up-regulated, and the expression of p75NTR was down-regulated in the offspring rats of EA group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in the offspring rats of SEA group ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons among the offspring rats of the four groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:EA can improve the learning and memory function of offspring rats exposed to sevoflurane in late-pregnancy, and the mechanism may be related to promoting the conversion of proBDNF to mBDNF and improving neuronal development.

SEPT1 2,as a member of the septin gene family,is preferentially expressed in the adult male testis and plays an im-portant role in the spermatogenesis and maturation of sperm.It is also essential for the maintenance of the structural integrity of the sperm tail.SEPT12 is closely related to sperm morphological abnormality,and its mutation leads to decreased fertility or infertility of males.This review presents an overview of the advances in and affords a prospect of the studies on the structure and biological functions of SEPT12 and the impact of its mutation on male fertility.

This article reported a survived case of amniotic band syndrome (ABS) following fetal reduction by radiofrequency ablation. The woman conceived monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy spontaneously. Prenatal ultrasound at 24 weeks of gestation indicated twin-twin transfusion syndrome (stage Ⅲ), and radiofrequency ablation for fetal reduction was successfully performed after formal consent. At 28 +6 weeks, ultrasound reexamination revealed significant edema in the left foot of the fetus, with banding around the ankle, as well as the strangulation mark and narrowing rings. Fetal ABS (ⅡB stage) was diagnosed after multidisciplinary consultation. An immediate emergency cesarean section was performed and a live male baby was born. A thin amniotic band could be seen wrapping around the left ankle of the newborn for several rounds, with obvious strangulation marks about 1 cm deep into the skin, and significant edema on the dorsum and sole of the foot, and the submalleolus area. The amniotic band was released at once, and the edema faded gradually after surgery. After a follow-up of 28 days, the lower limbs of the newborn became normal.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and autophagy during hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in infantile rats.Methods:A total of 24 clean-stage healthy male infantile Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 14 days, weighing 40-50 g, were allocated into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) group, HALI+ IWP-2 group (HI group) and HALI+ DMF group (HD group). HALI model was developed by inhaling oxygen at a concentration greater than 90% for 72 h. Starting from 30 min before developing the model, IWP-2 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected every day for 3 consecutive days in HI group, the equal volume of DMF solution was injected every day for 3 consecutive days in HD group, and the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected instead in C and HALI groups. Blood samples were taken from the common carotid artery for blood gas analysis at the end of developing the model, and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. Then the infantile rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and lungs were removed for examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of the weight to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3), Beclin1 and p62 (by Western blot). LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with C group, the OI was significantly decreased, the W/D ratio, lung injury score and contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were increased, and the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin and Beclin1 was up-regulated, the expression of p62 was down-regulated, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased in HALI, HD and HI groups ( P<0.05). Compared with HALI group, the OI was significantly decreased, the W/D ratio, lung injury score and contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were increased, and the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin and p62 was down-regulated, the expression of Beclin1 was up-regulated, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased in HI group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in HD group ( P>0.05). Compared with HI group, the OI was significantly increased, the W/D ratio, lung injury score and contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased, and the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin and p62 was up-regulated, the expression of Beclin1 was down-regulated, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was decreased in HD group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the pathophysiology of hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in infantile rats, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be a negative regulator of autophagy. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be involved in the process of HALI through negative regulation of autophagy.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of excessive iodine-induced apoptosis of chorionic trophoblast cells associated with missed early miscarriage.Methods:Patients with unexplained missed early miscarriage ≤12 weeks of gestation (MA group, n = 43) and normal pregnant women (control group, n = 64) who were treated at Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from September 2019 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects, and villous tissues were collected for proliferating cell nuclear agtigen Ki67 immunohistochemistry and apoptosis assay, while urine samples were collected for urinary iodine content assay. Different doses of iodine were used to stimulate the cultivation of human chorionic trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo) for 24 h. Cell proliferation viability was detected using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8), and apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Results:(1) Urinary iodine values were 159.70 (114.21, 218.73) μg/L in the control group and 210.80 (143.10, 336.70) μg/L in the MA group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z = 2.26, P = 0.024). (2) The proportion of positive and strong positive Ki67 immunohistochemical staining of the villous tissues in the MA group was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ 2 = 37.00, P < 0.001). (3) The apoptosis rate of villous tissue in the MA group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(26.24 ± 1.06)% vs (2.96 ± 1.97)%, t = 92.23, P < 0.001]. (4) The cell proliferation rates of HTR8/SVneo in the 50, 100, 300 and 500 μg iodine groups were significantly lower than that in the 0 μg iodine group ( P < 0.05), with the 500 μg iodine group below the median lethal dose (LD 50). (5) The apoptosis rates of 0, 50 and 500 μg iodine groups were (8.79 ± 0.12)%, (9.56 ± 0.08)% and (19.86 ± 0.05)%, respectively, and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( F = 7.32, P = 0.007); in which the 50 and 500 μg iodine groups were higher than that of the 0 μg iodine group, and the 500 μg iodine group was higher than that of the 50 μg iodine group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Urine iodine content significantly increases in patients with missed early miscarriage. Excessive iodine intake may lead to a decrease in the proliferation viability and an increase in cell apoptosis of chorionic trophoblast cells.