INTRODUCTION

For female nursing students in Vietnam, juggling work, school, and personal obligations can be especially difficult. Research on how these students develop resilience while juggling their multiple roles is still lacking, despite the fact that their numbers in nursing school are increasing. This study explores how the work-life-study balance (WLSB) of female students pursuing an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) to a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program is shaped by their real-life experiences and sociocultural influences.

A qualitative research design informed by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used in this study. In September 2024, ten carefully selected female nursing students participated in semi-structured interviews at a private university in Ho Chi Minh City. From October 2024 to February 2025, each 45–60 minute interview was subjected to a thematic analysis using Delve software.

The challenges faced by the participants, along with their support systems, coping strategies, and aspirations, were captured in four key themes, each with its own set of sub-themes. The first theme, Navigating Life's Crossroads: The Struggle for Balance, highlighted the students' struggles to manage competing demands, featuring subthemes, Pulled in All Directions, Time as a Scarce Commodity, and Compromises and Sacrifices. The second theme, Anchors in the Storm: Finding Strength in Support, emphasized the vital role of relational support, showcasing subthemes, Peer Solidarity and Shared Struggles, and Family as a Pillar of Strength. The third theme, Pathways to Resilience: Strategies for Survival, focused on coping strategies and adaptive techniques, incorporating subtheme, Faith and Inner Strength, Embracing the Role of a Working Learner, and Prioritizing and Organizing. Finally, the last theme, Purpose, Aspiration, and Future Orientation, brought attention to the participants' sources of motivation and their optimistic outlook, with subthemes, Motivation Rooted in Family and Self and Hope and Optimism as Sustaining Forces. These findings, grounded in the Transformative Resilience Model, illustrate how students harness their inner drive, familial and social responsibilities, and cultural values to adapt and thrive in the face of challenges. To maintain their dedication to education and uplift their families, participants leaned on hope, spiritual insights, and a sense of agency, viewing their struggles as meaningful experiences.

The experiences of Vietnamese female nursing students reveal a remarkable resilience shaped by both heavy social expectations and personal challenges. Drawing from the Transformative Resilience Model, this study highlights how facing and overcoming adversity can lead to significant identity development and personal growth. Institutional support plays a crucial role in enhancing a student's well-being, which can include flexible academic policies, accessible mental health services, and adaptable work-study options. Financial pressures, job-related stress, and academic demands often contribute to burnout. These findings underscore the urgent need for systemic, collaborative efforts to foster inclusive and sustainable learning environments for nursing students who are balancing work and study.

The philosophical basis of nursing research is simply about increasing our knowledge and addressing everyday challenges through reflective thinking. This article explored the fundamental principles that inform nursing research and stresses nurse researchers' vital role in meeting everyday challenges. By employing classic philosophical concepts and contemporary ways of knowing, this article explained how individual beliefs, conceptions about truth, and reflections on self had contributed to knowledge development. To put it plainly, this article is about the story of a nurse researcher and the illustration of how a nurse's philosophy impacts research and consequently contributes to the development of nursing science. Instead of regarding this process as a quest for the ultimate truth, this article recognized the evolving process of interacting with fluid knowledge to advance nursing practice and do well in society.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the sports industry, resulting in the postponement of events worldwide. This posed a significant burden in the mental and emotional well-being of athletes due to uncertainties and diminished training levels. As an adaptation, bubble camps emerged as a new approach to resuming training and tournaments under stringent regulations of the COVID-19 protocols. In the national context, the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) has adapted the bubble set-up by implementing antigen testing, RTPCR, and other health protocols as a prerequisite to bubble training. However, uncertainties in the future of sports continue to present as a psychological toll to the well-being of student-athletes despite the sense of normalcy instilled by bubble training. Existing literature on bubble training is grounded heavily on the quantitative assessments of an athlete's well-being in a bubble set-up and its effectiveness in mitigating COVID-19 transmission, thereby lacking insights that may be obtained from qualitative data. This study explored the experiences of UAAP Season 84 studentathletes in a bubble set-up by examining personal and contextual factors that impacted their well-being.

The study employed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach based on Seligman's WellBeing Theory. A purposeful sampling technique was used to recruit UAAP student-athletes through online dissemination of Google Forms for recruitment. Only three student-athletes from UAAP fit the eligibility criteria. Data were collected through on-site and online interviews using a semi-structured interview guide to reveal a narrative of the student-athletes' bubble training experiences, common themes, and patterns. The NVivo software program was used for data analysis, utilizing a deductive thematic approach.

The lived experiences of three UAAP studentathletes were classified into six major themes: (1) Availability and Accessibility of Services; (2) Restrictions; (3) Mental Health; (4) Fostering Relationships; (5) Support Systems; and (6) Individual Growth. Accounts of both positive and negative training perceptions and outcomes regarding the bubble set-up were noted from all student-athletes. The set-up provided studentathletes with easy access to training facilities and services, eventual development of mental fortitude and  perseverance, improved interpersonal relationships, and opportunities for individual growth. However, the restrictions, isolation, internal and external pressures, and routinary nature of the set-up contributed to the elevated levels of stress and anxiety, eventually leading to fatigue and burnout.

The study elucidates on the multi-faceted experiences of UAAP student-athletes in bubble training, underpinning the essence of the adequacy of training services and facilities, enhanced support systems, and prompt policy development that caters to improving the holistic well-being of student-athletes amidst adverse changes in the trajectory of sports.

Background and Objective: The focusing of resources to COVID-19 response hampered and disadvantaged primary care services including that for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), compromising continuity of care and hence, patients’ disease status. However, studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain sparse; therefore, evidence generation on how the pandemic impacted the provision of these primary care services in LMICs will help further understand how policies can be reframed, and programs be made more efficient and effective despite similar crises. To bridge this gap, the study investigated how the pandemic affected the implementation of NCD care at the primary care level in the Philippines. Methods: Thirty-one online focus group discussions via Zoom Meetings were conducted among 113 consenting physicians, nurses, midwives, and community health workers from various facilities — community health centers and stations, free-standing clinics, infirmaries, and level 1 hospitals — located within two provinces in the Philippines. All interviews were video-recorded upon participants’ consent and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was employed through NViVo 12® to generate themes, identify categories, and describe codes. Results: The impact of COVID-19 on NCD care at the primary care level revolved around heightened impediments to service delivery, alongside worsening of pre-existing challenges experienced by the healthcare workforce; subsequently compelling the public to resort to unhealthy practices. These detriments to the primary healthcare system involved resource constraints, discontinued programs, referral difficulties, infection, overburden among workers, and interrupted training activities. Citizens were also observed to adopt poor healthcare seeking behavior, thereby discontinuing treatment regimen. Conclusion Healthcare workers asserted that disadvantages caused by the pandemic in their NCD services at the primary care level possibly threaten patients’ health status. Besides the necessity to address such detriments, this also emphasizes the need for quantitative studies that will aid in drawing inferences and evaluating the effect of health crises like the pandemic on such services to bridge gaps in improving quality of care.
COVID-19 ; Noncommunicable Diseases ; Primary Health Care ; Philippines ; Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is a type of research that provides deeper insights into real-world problems. It gathers participants’ experiences, perceptions, and behaviours and answers the how’s and whys instead of how many or how much. It could be structured as a stand-alone study, purely relying on qualitative data or it could be part of mixed-methods research that combines qualitative and quantitative data. Some of the most common methodologies being used in qualitative research include ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenological study, narrative study, historical study and case studies. This article aimed to discuss how to conduct a qualitative study. The steps in conducting a qualitative study include: 1) Create a purpose statement; 2) Formulate the Research Questions; 3) Perform a Literature Review; 4) Choose a qualitative research methodology to use; 5) Identify and Select the Study Population; 6) Develop the data collection procedure; 7) Collect the data and 8) Analyze the data, which if using thematic analysis, can include writing the final report. In writing and appraising qualitative studies, the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) can serve as a useful guide. Lastly, like in quantitative studies, researchers doing qualitative studies should be aware of the ethical issues involved in their work, anticipate possible ethical concerns, craft protection strategies, and make the necessary referrals to research ethics committees, appropriate organizations, and other agencies if the need arises.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Oral ivermectin, a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug, alone or in combination with permethrin, may be a cheaper and more convenient alternative drug to topical permethrin alone in the treatment of classic scabies. There are no previous studies on the treatment acceptability of the three interventions among individual patients with scabies in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences and perceptions on treatment acceptability for oral ivermectin, topical permethrin or combination treatment among patients with scabies using the multiple-case study approach.

We conducted a qualitative multiple case study among adult Filipino patients with classic scabies who were prescribed oral ivermectin, topical permethrin or its combination at a government tertiary hospital dermatology outpatient clinic from December 2022 to September 2023. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary source of data and analyzed together with chart reviews, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores, and clinical images. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and triangulated with other secondary data. A three-person research team employed a reflexive and iterative process of familiarization, coding, and thematic analysis using a modified Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) to generate case descriptions, within-case analyses, and cross-case syntheses.

The acceptability of scabies treatments (permethrin, ivermectin, and combination therapy) was generally positive. Permethrin, used in three patient cases, was generally perceived as effective but itch relief varied. The burden of whole-body application of permethrin was context-dependent, influenced by living arrangements and family support. Perceived affordability of permethrin was linked to socioeconomic status. Ivermectin, used by one patient case, was perceived as highly effective with no side effects. Its single dose use did not interfere with patient routine. Combination therapy was also considered effective but potential antagonistic effects and the cost of adding permethrin made it less preferred. Reluctance in taking oral pills was noted. All patients valued medical advice and deferred to their physicians for treatment decisions.

All three treatment options were considered effective and safe. Patients generally preferred permethrin over oral ivermectin due to its topical nature and perceived lower side effects. However, affordability and logistical challenges, especially for large households and low-income families, were noted with permethrin. Oral ivermectin elicited hesitation due to its controversial role in COVID-19 and veterinary use. Concerns about added costs and potential antagonism in combination therapy were raised. Despite these considerations, patients ultimately relied on physicians for treatment decisions. This study underscores the importance of understanding patient perspectives, experiences, and the patient-physician relationship in choosing scabies interventions. Addressing patient concerns, providing education, and ensuring ease of use and affordability can enhance treatment acceptability and adherence for better outcomes.

AIM: This study aims to explore the reintegration experiences of returning migrant healthcare workers in the Philippines. BACKGROUND: Return migration and reintegration of healthcare labor force is a relevant part of the migration process valuable in the improvement of human capital in source countries through transfer of knowledge and skills. However, this research field has received little attention in terms of policy, program, and research development. Hence, there is a paucity of information in the Philippines describing the reintegration experiences of returning migrant healthcare workers despite its maturity in health worker migration. METHODS: A qualitative case study approach was utilized in this study. Initially, an online literature review of electronic databases and grey literature regarding reintegration of migrant workers in the Philippines was performed. This was followed by online in- depth interviews among purposively selected potential, current, or returning nurses, rehabilitation therapists, and caregiver health worker migrants through Zoom web conferencing platform. Government, private, and non-government institutions involved in the migration of health workers were also invited to participate in online focus group discussions and key informant interviews. An inductive content analysis using matrices was utilized to determine relevant descriptive codes, categories, and themes. RESULTS: Return migration and reintegration is perceived as an uncommon phenomenon among healthcare worker migrants. Nonetheless, motivations and grounds of opting to return and reintegrate in the Philippines can mostly be due to personal reasons or entrepreneurial aspirations. Upon return, they successfully held teaching and training positions, engaged in business through specialized clinics, or established professional associations. There was largely a perceived lack of awareness of government efforts on reintegration as it was felt that services and assistance were limited. Further observed restraints to return migration include lower wages in the Philippines, lack of knowledge on financial management, paucity of skills and qualifications recognition acquired overseas in their home country, and absence of professional network support. The COVID-19 pandemic also positively or negatively influenced healthcare worker migration. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the motivations and restraints of health worker migrants in returning to reintegrate in the Philippines. The availability and deficiency in policies, programs, and services for returning migrant workers were also emphasized. In addition, the aspects and prospects of return migration and reintegration, as well as the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare worker reintegration was identified. The Philippine government and other concerned agencies need to ensure a supportive environment that will foster a positively conducive reintegration experience for returning healthcare worker migrants.
Philippines ; Qualitative Research

INTRODUCTION: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are considered integral parts of dementia. While pharmacotherapy is reserved for severe symptoms of BPSD, the associated adverse effects can be detrimental. Therefore, non-pharmacological intervention is recommended as the first line of treatment in the management of BPSD. This study aimed to explore the non-pharmacological approaches for the management of BPSD and the strategies and barriers to implementing them in secondary care facilities in Malaysia. METHODS: A qualitative study design was employed. Data were collected through observations and semi-structured interviews of 12 caregivers and 11 people with dementia (PWD) at seven secondary care facilities. Observations were written in the field notes, and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. All data were subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Some personalised non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise, music therapy, reminiscence therapy and pet therapy, were conducted in several nursing care centres. Collaborative care from the care providers and family members was found to be an important facilitating factor. The lack of family support led to care providers carrying additional workload beyond their job scope. Other barriers to non-pharmacological interventions were cultural and language differences between the care providers and PWD, inadequate staff numbers and training, and time constraints. CONCLUSION Although non-pharmacological approaches have been used to some extent in Malaysia, continuous education and training of healthcare providers and the family members of PWD is needed to overcome the challenges to their successful implementation.
Humans ; Dementia/diagnosis* ; Psychotherapy ; Qualitative Research ; Health Personnel ; Caregivers

Introduction: Organizations, including higher education institutions (HEIs), have been mandated to protect employees from the threats of the COVID-19. Objective: This study sought to describe the perceptions of essential school workers (ESWs) of selected HEIs in the southern Manila area in terms of how they were capacitated in compliance with national guidelines. Methods: A total of seven HEIs participated in this qualitative study. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among four sectors of ESWs: security, maintenance, health services, and office staff. Thematic analysis was used to draw insights from the narratives of the FGDs. Results: Three themes emerged from the FGDs: material capacitation, programmatic capacitation, and issues and challenges. Conclusion This study highlights that from the perspective of ESWs, HEIs in the southern Manila area exert efforts to comply with IATF guidelines through various expressions of material and programmatic capacitation to protect them from the threat of COVID-19. However, results also demonstrate challenges that deter full compliance and consistent implementation of the guidelines across institutions.
Qualitative Research

Introduction: Despite policy actions and strategic efforts for improving the reproductive and sexual health of adolescents by promoting the uptake of adolescent reproductive and sexual health (ARSH) services, the utilisation rate remains significantly low, especially in rural areas of India. This study aimed to assess the utilisation of these services by adolescents in rural West Bengal and its associated determinants. Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted from May to September 2021 in the Gosaba rural block of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Quantitative data were collected from 326 adolescents using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected via four focus group discussions among 30 adolescents and key-informant interviews among six healthcare workers. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: Ninety-six (29.4%) adolescents had utilised ARSH services at least once during adolescence. The factors associated with non-utilisation of ARSH services were younger age, female sex, increasing reproductive health stigma and decreasing parent–adolescent communication related to sexual health. Qualitative exploration revealed that unawareness regarding services, perceived lack of privacy and confidentiality at healthcare facilities and disruption of services post-emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic were some major barriers to ARSH service utilisation. Conclusion A multi-component strategy, including promotion of adolescent-friendly health clinics, community support interventions associated with motivation and counselling of parents regarding the importance of adolescent reproductive health, is needed to improve the utilisation of ARSH services. Necessary steps to correct the deficiencies at the facility level should also be prioritised.
Adolescent ; Reproductive Health Services ; Sexual Health ; Qualitative Research ; Rural Population