Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Serotonin ; Object Attachment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Depression, Postpartum

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify factors associated with maternal attachment of breastfeeding mothers, with a focus on the mothers' breastfeeding characteristics. METHODS: Data were collected from 217 mothers who breastfed their healthy baby for 1 month after childbirth and had no postpartum complications. The data were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The factors significantly associated with maternal attachment were an emotional exchange with one's baby (β=.41, p < .001), breastfeeding confidence (β=.20, p=.022), depression (‘quite a bit or more’, β= −.18, p=.005), and depression (‘a little’, β=−.14, p=.024). The model explained 38.4% of variance in maternal attachment. CONCLUSION: In order to improve attachment, nurses should be actively supported in helping mothers in the first month postpartum adapt to breastfeeding. Interventions to prevent postpartum depression should also be conducted.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Breast Feeding* ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Humans ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers* ; Object Attachment ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Volition

PURPOSE: Mothers who give birth prematurely experience parenting stress after their babies are discharged and find it difficult to emotionally bond with them. Forming an emotional bond with a baby promotes the baby's growth and development, helps the mother cope with parenting stress after discharge, and is important for maintaining family functioning. This study aimed to identify the attachment experiences of mothers with low-birth-weight infants (LBWIs) in a follow-up program using early intervention. METHODS: A phenomenological perspective was used for this qualitative research. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with twelve mothers who participated in a follow-up program using early intervention for mothers with LBWIs from September 2017 to December 2017. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The experience of mothers' attachment was investigated on the basis of three categories: ‘beginning of changes in parenting methods,’ ‘forming an intimate mother–child bond,’ and ‘concerns and expectation about the child's development.’ CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the follow-up program using an early intervention designed to increase mothers' confidence in their parenting skills can promote mother' attachment and the quality of life of families with LBWIs.
Early Intervention (Education) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Methods ; Mothers ; Object Attachment ; Parenting ; Parents ; Parturition ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of alexithmia on the relationship between attachment and depression in early adulthood. METHODS: A convenience sample of 260 young adults responded to the survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and path analyses using bootstrapping. RESULTS: The path analysis indicated that anxious attachment and alexithymia was positively related to depression, but there was not a significant relationship between avoidant attachment and depression. In a modified path model, alexithymia mediated the positive effects of anxious attachment and avoidant attachment on depression. CONCLUSION: Our study findings suggest that early adults who have insecure attachments are vulnerable to alexithymia and depression. Targeted interventions to improve emotional expressive ability may reduce depression in early adulthood.
Adult ; Affective Symptoms ; Depression ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Object Attachment ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The goal of the present study was to determine the relationships between attachment styles and resiliency in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. METHODS: A random sample of 260 subjects was obtained from the population of undergraduate students of the Nour Branch of Islamic Azad University, which is located in Mazandaran, and these subjects were enrolled in this descriptive and correlational study. The collected data included the subjects' responses to an adult attachment style questionnaire, resilience scale, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder questionnaire. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient indices and multiple regressions. RESULTS: The results of the data analysis showed a positive correlation (relationship) between ambivalent/avoidant attachment styles and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and a negative correlation between resilience and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Furthermore, these results demonstrated that attachment style and resiliency can predict obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In addition, no significant relationships were found between the demographic variables (convertibles) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that attachment style and resiliency contribute to the development of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
Adult ; Compulsive Personality Disorder* ; Humans ; Islam ; Object Attachment ; Resilience, Psychological ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify how peer attachment and parenting style differentially affect self-concept and school adjustment in adolescents with and without chronic illness. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using multiple group analysis on the Korean panel data was used. A nationwide stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used and the survey was conducted in 2013 on 2,092 first-year middle school students in Korea. We used standardized instruments by the National Youth Policy Institute to measure peer attachment, parenting style, self-concept, and school adjustment. Multiple-group structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the difference of relations for peer attachment, parenting style, self-concept, and school adjustment variable between adolescents with chronic illness and those without chronic illness. RESULTS: The model fit of a multiple-group structural equation modeling was good. The difference of the path from negative parenting style to self-concept between the two groups was significant, and a significant between-group difference in the overall path was found. This indicated that self-concept in adolescents with chronic illness was more negatively affected by negative parenting style than in adolescents without chronic illness. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare providers can promote the process of school adjustment in several ways, such as discussing this issue directly with adolescent patients, along with their parents and peers, examining how the organization and content of the treatment can be modified according to the adolescents' school life.
Adolescent ; Chronic Disease/*psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Object Attachment ; Parenting/psychology ; Peer Group ; Self Concept ; *Social Adjustment

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to investigate the influences of school violence on the mental health of student victims and their parents. METHODS: A total of 56 (aged 7-18) student victims and their parents were selected to participate in a survey. The students had experienced school violence from June 2012 to October 2013. They completed a set of self-report questionnaires, including socio-demographic characteristics, family relationship, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck Depression Inventory, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Parental Bonding Instrument to evaluate psychiatric complications and to understand the emotional bonding between them. RESULTS: The student's level of impact of event was significantly related to the parent's level of impact of event (p<.001). The student's high CDI score showed positive correlation with high level of impact of event (p<.001). In addition, higher level of the student's perceived emotional support and understandability of family showed association with lower level of impact of event (p<.01, p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the psychiatric sequelae of school violence is seriously affected by family support and parent's level of impact of event. Therefore, more active intervention is needed for both students and their parents.
Child ; Depression ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Manifest Anxiety Scale ; Mental Health ; Object Attachment ; Parents* ; Violence*

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine interpersonal relations, hope, professional self-concept and turnover intention according to adult attachment styles in early stage nurses. METHODS: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 245 nurses who work in one of six general hospitals. Additionally, a qualitative method was used to obtain data on experiences in interpersonal relations. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINdows 14.0 and qualitative data from open question in the survey questionnaire were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in interpersonal relations, hope, and professional self-concept according to adult attachment styles. In the interpersonal relation of early stage nurses, 8 themes were identified, of which the most frequent were: a comfortable relationship with my co-workers (43%) and stress from the relationship (34%). CONCLUSION: Findings from this study should be useful in the development of programs to promote adult attachment and professional self-concept for early stage nurses.
Adult ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention ; Interpersonal Relations ; Object Attachment ; Personnel Turnover ; Surveys and Questionnaires

As suicide deaths have been rapidly increasing among the Korean people, the clinical conditions associated with suicide including major depressive disorder (MDD) have also been in the public eye for decades. Thus we discuss the relationship between suicide and depression from the psychosocial perspective. Because the introjected aggression or hostility may be essential psychodynamic factors in suicide and depression, the clinical psychiatrist's or psychotherapist's empathy may be the important psychotherapeutic method in the recovery of object relationships or relieving suicidal patients' self-destructive tendencies. Although various and diverse psychological features have been suggested as the predictive factors of suicide, they have not yet been demonstrated by any statistical models. Psychiatrists should be aware that suicide or suicidal behaviors might be strongly associated with sociocultural background in Korea. Further research may be needed in the area of the relationship among suicide, depression, and sociocultural correlates.
Acculturation ; Aggression ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Empathy ; Eye ; Hostility ; Korea ; Models, Statistical ; Object Attachment ; Psychiatry ; Suicide

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the object relations and parenting behavior of the mothers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of the mothers with normal children. METHODS: In this study, we studied 64 mothers of children who were diagnosed with ADHD and 90 mothers of normal children. The mothers completed the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), the Parenting Behavior Inventory (PBI), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. RESULTS: As compared with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD showed significantly different results for the parenting stress and parenting efficacy. For parenting behavior, the mothers of children with ADHD perceived their mothering as being more neglectful. On the other hand, the mothers of the normal control group perceived their mothering as being more affectionate and the fathers as being more reasonable and monitoring. CONCLUSION: This study suggests there is a significant difference of object relation between the mothers of children with ADHD and the mothers with normal children. The object relation pathology of the mothers of children with ADHD might contribute to impaired parenting behavior. The result of the present study indicate that inadequate grandparental rearing behavior affects the insecure object relation of their child (the mother), and a mother's insecure object relation affects their parental stress and parenting efficacy.
Child ; Fathers ; Hand ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Mothers ; Object Attachment ; Parenting ; Parents