A clinical information navigation system based on 3D human body model is designed. The system extracts the key information of diagnosis and treatment of patients by searching the historical medical records, and stores the focus information in a predefined structured patient instance. In addition, the rule mapping is established between the patient instance and the three-dimensional human body model, the focus information is visualized on the three-dimensional human body model, and the trend curve can be drawn according to the change of the focus, meanwhile, the key diagnosis and treatment information and the original report reference function are provided. The system can support the analysis, storage and visualization of various types of reports, improve the efficiency of doctors' retrieval of patient information, and reduce the treatment time.
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Humans ; Medical Informatics Applications ; Models, Anatomic ; Software

OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct a three-dimensional model of female urinary system based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tomography angiography (CTA) data. METHODS: MRI and CTA datasets were collected from 20 patients in our department in 2018 for reconstructing 3D models of the bladder urethra in resting state using Mimics19.0 software combined with engineering software. The metric parameters of the bladder urethra were analyzed in the reconstructed 3D model. RESULTS: The bladder and urethra were successfully reconstructed using 10 MRI datasets, and the kidney, ureter and bladder were reconstructed using 10 CTA datasets. Using engineering software, we measured a number of cysto-urethral geometric parameters, including the cysto-urethral posterior angle (151.1±17.9°), beta angle (137.3±14.0°), urethral pubic angle (47.8± 12.1°), urethral tilt angle (21.5±7.3°), alpha angle (83.8±13.8°), the posterior pubic space (15.3±3.0 mm), and the urethral striated muscle thickness (2.6±0.6 mm). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomical model of the human urinary system provides a platform for studying the fine anatomy of the female urinary system and allows measurement of multiple parameters to better understand the functional differences of the bladder and urethra in different populations.
Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Anatomic ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urethra ; diagnostic imaging ; Urinary Bladder ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct a three-dimensional model of female urinary system based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tomography angiography (CTA) data. METHODS: MRI and CTA datasets were collected from 20 patients in our department in 2018 for reconstructing 3D models of the bladder urethra in resting state using Mimics19.0 software combined with engineering software. The metric parameters of the bladder urethra were analyzed in the reconstructed 3D model. RESULTS: The bladder and urethra were successfully reconstructed using 10 MRI datasets, and the kidney, ureter and bladder were reconstructed using 10 CTA datasets. Using engineering software, we measured a number of cysto-urethral geometric parameters, including the cysto-urethral posterior angle (151.1±17.9°), beta angle (137.3±14.0°), urethral pubic angle (47.8± 12.1°), urethral tilt angle (21.5±7.3°), alpha angle (83.8±13.8°), the posterior pubic space (15.3±3.0 mm), and the urethral striated muscle thickness (2.6±0.6 mm). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomical model of the human urinary system provides a platform for studying the fine anatomy of the female urinary system and allows measurement of multiple parameters to better understand the functional differences of the bladder and urethra in different populations.
Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Anatomic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder

Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology, the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery. In nasal cartilage-related surgery, the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals, rationalization of surgical methods, precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor-patient communication. Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications, including research on computational modelling technology, computational simulation technology, virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology. These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further. In this review, we summarize the advantages, latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research. The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.
Computer Simulation ; Face ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Nasal Cartilages ; Nasal Septum ; surgery ; Nose ; surgery ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Rhinoplasty ; trends

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect at present. In recent years, the application of 3D printing in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD has been widely recognized, which presents CHD lesions in 3D solid model and provides a better understanding of the anatomy of CHD. In the future, 3D printing technology would improve the surgical proficiency, shorten the operation time, reduce the occurrence of perioperative complications, and create more personalized cardiovascular implants, therefore promote the precision of diagnosis and treatment for congenital heart disease. This article reviews the application of 3D printing technology in preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation and personalized implants of CHD, in surgical training and medical education, as well as in promoting doctor-patient communication and better understanding their condition for patients.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Preoperative Care ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

The tilted supine position has been evaluated to be one of the significantly effective approaches to prevent bedsore of the patients in the bedridden state. Thus, it has deeply positive influences that in view of dynamics this study explores how the position works. Based on the anatomical theories, this study formulates the human dynamic model. Furthermore, the dynamic simulation of three usual postures in tilted supine position including lying on back, lying with one knee bent and lying with the upper and lower limb on one side lifted is carried out. Therefore, the changes of the three driving forces named as chest force, waist force and thigh force in the tilted supine position can be observed. In order to verify the validity of this simulation, this study obtains the electromyogram measurements of ectopectoralis, external obliques and thigh muscles which are respectively close to the chest, waist and thigh by conducting the human force measurements experiment. The result revealed that in terms of range and trend, the experimental data and simulation's data were consistent. In conclusion, the changes of these muscles in the supine position movements are researched efficiently by both this experiment and the dynamic simulation. Besides, the result is crucially key to find the mechanism of human's tilted supine position movements.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Movement ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Posture ; Supine Position

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of i) the extent of peri-implant bone defects and ii) the application of bone cement on implant stability with respect to the measurement direction. METHODS: In 10 bovine rib bones, 4 implant osteotomies with peri-implant bone defects of various widths were prepared: i) no defect (D0), ii) a 2-mm-wide defect (D2), iii) a 4-mm-wide defect (D4), and iv) a 8-mm-wide defect (D8). The height of all defects was 10 mm. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and Periotest values (PTVs) were measured after implant placement and bone cement application. RESULTS: With increasing defect width, decreased ISQs and increased PTVs were observed. Statistically significant differences were found between groups D0 and D8, D0 and D4, and D2 and D8. Prior to bone cement application, inconsistent PTVs were found in group D8 depending on the measurement direction. Bone cement increased the implant stability. CONCLUSION: Peri-implant bone deficits measuring around 50% of the implant surface compromised implant stability. Clinically, PTVs should be cautiously interpreted in implants with large peri-implant defects due to inconsistent recordings with respect to the measurement direction.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Implants ; In Vitro Techniques ; Models, Anatomic ; Osteotomy ; Ribs

Abdominal sepsis is mainly caused by intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal infection; therefore, early detection of the source of infection and adequate, prompt treatment are the most important contributors to patient outcomes. Because patients with sepsis often receive emergency abdominal surgery after regular hours, and most patients need critical care postoperatively, the need for personnel to specialize in these areas has emerged. The concept of acute care surgery (ACS), which includes trauma care, emergency general surgery, and surgical critical care, has been discussed since the early 2000s, and ACS fellowships were launched in the United States in 2008. ACS teams have been found to reduce mortality and complication rates, to decrease the time to surgery, and to lower financial costs in comparison to the traditional surgical model. In Korea, a regional trauma center project was started in 2012, and the government provided funding for each trauma center as part of this project. In the ACS field, the system for non-trauma emergency surgery is currently in the early stages of discussion. The need for such a system has been accelerated by the reduction of working hours per week of residents, as well as the shortage of manpower for emergency general surgery and surgical critical care on the night shift. In this review, we discuss the manpower problems that impact the treatment of abdominal emergency patients, and consider ways in which the Korean ACS system can treat these patients professionally.
Abdomen, Acute ; Abdominal Injuries ; Critical Care ; Emergencies ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Korea ; Models, Anatomic ; Mortality ; Sepsis ; Trauma Centers ; United States

Inter atrial block (IAB) is a prevailing cardiac conduction abnormality that is under-recognized in clinical practice. IAB has strong association with atrial arrhythmia, left atrial enlargement, and electromechanical discordance, increasing the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial ischemia. IAB was generally believed to be caused by impaired conduction along the Bachmann bundle (BB). However, there are three other conduction pathways, including the fibers posteriorly in the vicinity of the right pulmonary veins (VRPV), transseptal fibers in the fossa ovalis (FO), and muscular bundles on the inferior atrial surface near the coronary sinus (CS). We hypothesized that the importance of BB on IAB might have been overestimated. To test this hypothesis, various combinations of conduction pathway blocks were simulated based on a realistic human atrial model to investigate their effects on the index of clinical diagnosis standard of IAB using a simulated 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Firstly, the results showed that the BB block alone could not generate typical P wave morphology of IAB, and that the combination of BB and VRPV pathway block played important roles in the occurrence of IAB. Secondly, although single FO and CS pathways play subordinate roles in inter atrial conduction, their combination with BB and VRPV block could also produce severe IAB. In summary, this simulation study has demonstrated that the combinations of different inter atrial conduction pathways, rather than BB alone, resulted in ECG morphology of IAB. Attention needs to be paid to this in future pathophysiological and clinical studies of IAB.
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology* ; Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology* ; Computer Simulation ; Coronary Sinus/physiopathology* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Pulmonary Veins/physiopathology*

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a transformative technology with a potentially wide range of applications in the field of orthopaedic spine surgery. This article aims to review the current applications, limitations, and future developments of 3D printing technology in orthopaedic spine surgery. Current preoperative applications of 3D printing include construction of complex 3D anatomic models for improved visual understanding, preoperative surgical planning, and surgical simulations for resident education. Intraoperatively, 3D printers have been successfully used in surgical guidance systems and in the creation of patient specific implantable devices. Furthermore, 3D printing is revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, allowing construction of biocompatible scaffolds suitable for cell growth and vasculature. Advances in printing technology and evidence of positive clinical outcomes are needed before there is an expansion of 3D printing applied to the clinical setting.
Education ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Regenerative Medicine ; Spine ; Tissue Engineering