Epidemiological characteristics and etiological changes of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shijiazhuang City in 2009-2021
10.3969/j.issn.1006-2483.2023.02.013
- VernacularTitle:2009—2021年石家庄市手足口病流行特征及病原学变迁分析
- Author:
Li WAN
1
;
Jiekun ZHOU
1
;
Shuqing ZHAO
1
;
Li LIU
1
Author Information
1. Shijiazhuang Center for Diseases Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050011 , China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Hand-foot-mouth disease;
Enterovirus71;
Other enteroviruses;
Epidemiology;
Etiology changes
- From:
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
2023;34(2):60-64
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Shijiazhuang City from 2009 to 2021, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The epidemic data and etiological data of HFMD in Shijiazhuang City from 2009 to 2021 were collected, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Results The reported incidence of HFMD in Shijiazhuang showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2009 to 2021, with a high incidence every other year in most years. The proportion of severe cases and the mortality rate showed a decreasing trend (χ2severe cases=282.09, P<0.001; χ2mortality=51.33, P<0.001). There were two peaks of HFMD incidence throughout the year: the main peak occurring in spring and summer and the secondary peak occurring in autumn and winter. The peak month of incidence showed a backward trend after 2015. Cases were mainly children aged 5 years and below. The ratio of male to female was 1.53:1, and the gender incidence rate was significantly different (χ2=4 507.84，P<0.001). The deaths were mainly children aged 2 years old and below, accounting for 88.89%. The incidence of HFMD decreased with age (tr=-2.85，P<0.05). The highest incidence was in urban areas (114.50/100 000). The pathogenic composition of different cases was different and the difference was statistically significant (χ22 =521.86，P<0.001). The dominant pathogens in mild cases presented diverse characteristics. EV71 was dominant in severe cases and death cases, accounting for 82.77% and 96.67%, respectively. The proportion of other enteroviruses in severe cases showed an increasing trend. A total of 630 745 doses of EV71 inactivated vaccine were administered in Shijiazhuang from 2017 to 2021, with an average annual vaccination rate of 8.53%. After the implementation of EV71 vaccination, the proportion of severe cases, the mortality rate and the proportion of EV71 all decreased compared to those before, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2proportion of severe cases=93.71，P=0.000，χ2mortality rate=26.62，P=0.000，χ2proportion of EV71=1060.86，P=0.000). Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Shijiazhuang presented a declining trend, and the dominant etiological changes of different cases were different. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the etiological monitoring, health education and EV71 vaccination for the prevention and control of HFMD.
